Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Water Intoxication”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Cyclophosphamide and water retention: mechanism revisited.

We describe an 8 year-old girl with established diabetes insipidus who developed cyclophosphamide-associated antidiuresis. The patient had received cyclophosphamide as part of a high-dose chemotherapy regimen for recurrent suprasellar dysgerminoma prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. Urinary output decreased and specific gravity increased shortly after a 1 hour i.v. infusion of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and the effect lasted some 5 hours. No other drug could be implicated. This response, occurring in a patient with no ability to secrete vasopressin, suggests a direct tubular effect of one or more cyclophosphamide metabolites. Administering i.v. cyclophosphamide requires careful monitoring of fluid balance in order to avoid water intoxication. Further research is warranted both into the mechanism of this effect and the metabolite responsible for it.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Urinary arginine-vasopressin (AVP) excretion in cystic fibrosis (CF).

Free water handling is impaired in chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). We studied the role of AVP in this mechanism with a sensitive urinary AVP radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 13 patients with CF. The mean age was 14.7 +/- 1.27 SE years. The control group was age and sex matched. While the 24-hour urine volume was not significant different in both groups, urine osmolality was higher in CF (788 mosmol/kg +/- 182 SE vs. 622 mosmol/kg +/- 218 SE; p = 0.05). The 24-hour urinary AVP excretion in CF patients was found to be significantly elevated (174 ng/day +/- 99 SE vs. 74 ng/day +/- 48 SE; p = 0.01). This difference becomes even greater if these values are corrected for body weight (4.4 ng/(kg X day) +/- 2.1 SE vs. 1.5 ng/(kg X day) +/- 0.9 SE; p = 0.005). Lung function studies were available in 8 patients. We used a body plethysmograph to measure FEV1 (1 sec forced expiratory volume) and MEF25 (forced expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity) as sensitive indices of airway obstruction. There was a significant negative correlation between urinary AVP excretion and MEF25 (r = .76) and FEV1 (r = .65): the more pronounced the airway obstruction the higher the AVP excretion. We conclude that AVP plays a major role in the impaired water handling in COLD. Increased AVP secretion is already present under clinically stable conditions and is dependent on the degree of airway obstruction. In treating those patients one has to be aware of the possibility of water intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Function of purification drainage of the central nervous system through the cerebrospinal fluid].

It has long been known that the cerebrospinal fluid can not be the nervous system lymph, and Mestrezat, in his authoritative book of the year 1912, demonstrated it plainly. Davson has undertaken this subject and suggested the hypothesis of a sink action of cerebrospinal fluid, allowing a slow leakage of solutes from nervous tissue extracellular space. In order to test this hypothesis, Oldendorf and Davson performed a series of animal experiments and they demonstrated that there was leakage of the solute into cerebrospinal fluid. Based on the idea of this sink action of cerebrospinal fluid, some possible physiological implications were considered such as the mechanism of origin of the ventricle-subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid protein gradient; the mechanism of protection of the central nervous system against the harmful substances of the blood stream; and the homeostatic mechanism whereby the concentration of some ions of the fluid remains constant. Also, it is considered the possibility of a sink action of cerebrospinal fluid in the resolution of brain edema in water intoxication and other types of central nervous system edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Human exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water].

Halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, some of them recognized as carcinogenic to different animal species can be found in drinking water. Chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform are the most important trihalomethanes found in potable water. They are produced in natural waters during chlorinated desinfection by the halogenation of precursors, specially humic and fulvic compounds. The review, in the MEDLINE covers the period from 1974 to 1998, presents the general aspects of the formation of trihalomethanes, sources of human exposure and their toxicological meaning for exposed organisms: toxicokinetic disposition and spectrum of toxic effects (carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic).

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1999

Chronic poisoning by copper in tap water: II. Copper intoxications with predominantly systemic symptoms.

Copper can induce acute and chronic intoxications in humans. Copper in tap water has caused a series of severe systemic diseases in Germany in recent years (chronic copper poisoning, CCuP). From the clinical point of view it has been difficult to establish the diagnosis on the basis of clinical and laboratory methods. In a retrospective study, we therefore looked for essential clinical signs as well as laboratory findings which might be typical and essential for the diagnosis of CCuP. - We observed that in patients with severe systemic CCuP not only the liver but also several other organs have been the target of copper. As a proof copper overload has been measured. The latter results are presented here. - During or shortly after exposure "free" serum copper (= non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper) was significantly elevated in all patients (range 5.1 to 47.1 micromol/l, or 25.7 to 56.2 % of total serum copper). The normal upper limits in infants according to Salmenperä (8) are: 0.3 micromol/l, or 1.6 % of total serum copper. - Total serum copper was elevated in 14/16 patients: 13.7 to 30.1 micromol/l in sick infants (normal upper level: 12.6 micromol/l), and 17.0 to 27.2 in sick children (normal upper level for children and adults: 21.4 micromol/l). - Urine copper excretion was found elevated in 9/10 patients, with a range of 11 to 456 microg/dl (normal upper level in adults: 15 microg/dl). - Our results show that patients with systemic CCuP are in a "hypercupric" state. The data thus firstly prove that indeed the putative agent copper is found in excess in the patients and secondly show that the estimation of "free" copper in serum and the measurement of copper in urine are reliable diagnostic methods. Elevation of total serum copper (even though not specific) can give a first hint to the diagnosis. - The hypercupric state of systemic CCuP can be differentiated from that of Wilson's disease by (1) normal levels of ceruloplasmin and (2) the observation that values for free copper in serum or urinary copper normalize in an environment without copper in tap water, for instance in a hospital.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Survival with no sequelae after near-drowning with very poor signs for prognosis including persistent bilateral non-reactive mydriasis].

INTRODUCTION: The outcome of cases of near-drowning and initially poor prognostic signs are usually discouraging because of the severity of the consequent encephalopathy in most survivors. However, good recovery has been described, in spite of bad prognostic factors initially. It is difficult to establish the predictors of poor outcome which would enable one to decide when to establish and maintain advanced cardio-pulmonary resuscitation measures (CPR), since each case of near-drowning is different. CLINICAL CASE: A four year old boy survived near-drowning in cold water without sequelas but with initial signs of very poor prognosis, including prolonged immersion time, coma, severe metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia and persistent bilateral arreactive mydriasis. DISCUSSION: The beneficial effect of hypothermia is well known, and explains (at least partially) survival in cases of apparently irreversible near-drowning. Potential benefits are reduced metabolic demand which prevents the adverse effects of hypoxia and the 'diving reflex' which short-circuits the blood supply to vital organs such as the brain and heart. We consider that the persistently arreactive pupils were not due to hypoxia, but rather to bilateral uncal compression of the third cranial nerves due to cerebral edema secondary to initial hypoxia and water intoxication. CONCLUSION: This observation is yet another argument for the establishment and maintenance of aggressive manoeuvers of CPR and treatment in all children who have nearly-drowned, independently of the apparent seriousness or irreversibility.

Brain Edema↗
PubMed1975

[Intra-amniotic administration of prostaglandin F 2 alpha, 12-methyl-prostaglandin F 2 alpha and hypertonic sodium chloride solution for induction of abortion in second-trimester pregnancy].

The authors had performed comperative studies of the effect of the induction of abortion in late pregnancy according to the medical indications by intra-amniotic injection of 20% hypertonic NaCl saline in 26 pregnant patients, of 25 mg prostaglandin F2alpha with 6 hours' intervals in 25 patients, a single dose injection of 40 mg PGF2alpha in 27 cases and single dose injection of 2,5 mg 15-me-PGF2alpha given to 25 patients. The highest success rate was obtained with the single dose injection of 2,5 mg 15-me-PGF2alpha and the lowest success rate was obtained with 25 mg prostaglandin F2alpha with 6 hours' intervals. Despite of rather high procentage of success rate in using the hypertonic NaCl saline, this method is more dangerous in the moment of the injection of saline and complications during the abortion (water intoxication, necrosis of tissue, coagulation defects and other). The most frequently incountered side-effects in using PGs were vomiting and diarhea. Histologic examinations of the placenta revealed massive bleedings, at frequency rate being the same for prostaglandins and the hypertonic saline. The degree of isoimmunisation was lower with prostaglandins than with hypertonic NaCl saline, despite of the late dates of pregnancy termination. The intro-amniotic injection of the small volume solution of 15-me-PGF2alpha or PGF2alpha is more simpler and easier from the technical point of view than any methodic recommended for using saline and at the same time it is more effective.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

[Infusion therapy in disorders of the sodium and water balance].

Water depletion, water in excess and sodium depletion are the most important disturbance of sodium-water balance. Water, electrolytes and acid-base balance have always to be considered in their complex correlation because of their various interrdependency. The restoration of balance concerning imput and output is considered as a basic principle of any intravenous therapy.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

Elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone levels in status asthmaticus.

Elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were noted in seven patients with status asthmaticus during the acute illness. These values returned to normal with resolution of the disease. The mechanism of this release is not completely understood but is consistent with the hypothesis that bronchospasm leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow, decreased volume return to the left atrium, and stimulation of the atrial volume receptors regulating ADH release. Planning for fluid therapy in patients with status asthmaticus should take into account a high probability of increased plasma ADH concentration during the acute illness. Water intoxication as well as hypoxia and hypercarbia should be considered as a possible cause of an altered state of consciousness associated with status asthmaticus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Effects of intracarotid injection of methylprednisolone on cellular oedema after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats.

In our work we studied methylprednisolone (MP) for its effects on the permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes of neuronal populations in the rat. We used a standard model of cellular oedema induced by water intoxication, applying MP selectively into the internal carotid (ICA) after opening the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) with mannitol. The results were assessed under fluorescence microscopy in keeping with the Intracellular Distribution Index of Evans Blue (IDI) in the neocortical field (Cortex) and in hippocampal areas CA1, CA3 and GD. Evans blue (EB) was applied similarly as MP Three different experiments were carried out. In experiment 1--EB alone and no MP was applied. In experiment 2--5.4 mg/kg MP and EB were applied. In experiment 3--54 mg/kg MP and EB were applied. In experiment 1 the IDI values were high (>1), indicating the presence of large quantities of EB in the cells. In experiments 2 and 3 the IDI values were low (<1), indicating more EB outside than inside cells. IDI differences between experiments 2 and 1 and experiments 3 and 1 were statistically significant (p<0.05). This morphological evidence sufficiently proved the possibility to restore the cell membrane integrity by means of MP administration.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hysteroscopic resection of a large submucosal fibroid using intermittent bimanual uterine massage and a bipolar resectoscope: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Hysteroscopic resection of large sub-mucosal myomas embedded deep in the myometrium is often unsuccessful due to absorption of large amounts of nonionic fluid that may result in water intoxication or incomplete resection of the intramural portion of the tumor, which later protrudes within the cavity. CASE: A 35-year-old woman with a large, sessile, sub-mucosal leiomyoma underwent hysteroscopic resection using a bipolar resectoscope under laparoscopic monitoring with intermittent uterine massage. An isotonic electrolyte solution was used for uterine distention and visualization. Frequent massaging of the uterus during the procedure resulted in the expulsion of the fibroid into the endometrial cavity and facilitated complete resection. CONCLUSION: A bipolar resectoscope, which can be used with electrolyte solutions, such as 0.9% NaCl, combined with uterine massage, allows complete removal of large leiomyomas without adverse electrolyte imbalances.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraoperative urological complications in transurethral surgical interventions on the prostate for benign hyperplasia].

Wide clinical introduction of endoscopic methods in management of lower urinary tract (LUT) diseases is explained both by their high efficacy and relative safety. In spite of perfection of endourological tools, no large-scale clinical trials have been performed of late analyzing the rate of complications of endoscopic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 5401 transurethral endoscopic operations were made in BPH patients. The spectrum of endoscopic operations made in the Research Institute of Urology (1991-2003) and Krasnodar Regional Hospital N 1 (1998-2003) covered the following operations: transurethral prostatic resection (5003-92.6%), transurethral prostatic incision (112-2.1%), transurethral rolling electrovaporisation of the prostate (119-2.2%), transurethral vaporizing resection of the prostate (107-1.98%), transurethral rotoresection of the prostate (60-1.1%). Overall number of intraoperative complications was 191 or 3.5%. Most frequent complications were closed and open perforation of the prostatic capsule (1.6 and 0.4%, respectively), a mechanical trauma of the prostate and urethra (0.3 and 0.15%, respectively), development of the syndrome of water intoxication (0.13%), intraoperative blood loss compensated by hemotransfusion (0.5%). Rare complications comprised injury of the ureteral ostia (0.09%), rupture of the urinary bladder (0.02%). Thus, transurethral endoscopic surgery is characterized by high safety, a trend to lowering of the number of intraoperative complications in transurethral endoscopic operations. Adherence to specification and TUR techniques leads to minimization of serious complications number.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Changes in serum electrolytes after transcervical resection of endometrium and submucous fibroids with use of glycine 1.5% for uterine irrigation.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the postoperative changes in serum electrolytes in relation to the amount of irrigating fluid absorption and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting after transcervical resection of endometrium and submucous fibroids. METHODS: From May 1989 to October 1991, 101 consecutive patients were operated on for menometrorrhagia with transcervical resection of endometrium and submucous fibroids using glycine 1.5% for uterine irrigation. The deficit of glycine was assessed during and at the end of the operation. During the postoperative course, attention was paid to the occurrence of cerebral confusion, nausea (defined by at least one incident of vomiting), and dyspnea. The serum levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride were assessed before the operation, at the end of the procedure, and after 4, 8, and 12 hours. RESULTS: No marked water intoxication or signs of volume overload were seen, but 33% of the patients had nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period. These patients showed a more pronounced postoperative decrease in serum sodium (P = .0001) and a larger glycine deficit (P = .004) than did patients without nausea. The postoperative decrease in serum sodium correlated significantly to the glycine deficit (R2 = 0.83, P less than .001). CONCLUSION: Postoperative hyponatremia after transcervical resection of the endometrium correlated with the deficit of irrigant fluid but not with the operation time or the total amount of irrigant fluid used. We recommend that serum sodium be controlled and corrected if necessary postoperatively in patients with nausea and vomiting.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

[A case of stagnation of a large amount of irrigation fluid in abdominal cavity during hysteroscopic myomectomy].

A 30-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo hysteroscopic myomectomy for uterine myoma. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and she was sedated with intravenous propofol during the surgery. After the surgical procedure, propofol infusion was stopped. The patient soon awoke and vomited frequently and repeatedly. Her serum sodium concentration was as low as 129 mEq x l(-1) and fluid overload (water intoxication) was suspected. Because the abdominal X-P revealed that two parts of the surgical instrument remained in her uterine cavity at that time, hysteroscopic procedure was restarted. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. During the procedure, uterus was accidentally perforated and one of the parts moved into the abdominal cavity. When the laparotomy started to fix uterine perforation, the abdomen of the patient became remarkably distended. During the laparotomy, it was revealed that 4800 ml of irrigation fluid had been accumulated in the abdominal cavity. Although hysteroscopic surgery is generally considered non-invasive, two major complications (fluid overload and uterine perforation) occurred in this case. This case suggests that anesthetists must remain alert for the signs of these complications during hysteroscopic surgery.

Abdominal Cavity↗
PubMed1991

[Metabolic disturbance as paraneoplastic syndrome].

Metabolic disturbances of Na, K, Ca and glucose as paraneoplastic syndrome were reviewed on the basis of recent progress of such areas. These abnormalities usually occur due to the production of hormones or other physiologically active substances by tumor tissues. Hyponatremia is the most common abnormality of Na metabolism in patients with cancers such as lung cancer, malignant lymphoma, thymoma and so on. Usual cause of hyponatremia as paraneoplastic syndrome is inadequate secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), which brings dilution hyponatremia associated with water intoxication. Recently hyponatremia due to abnormal secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide has been noted. Ca metabolism disturbance associated with cancer is usually observed as hypercalcemia and it is said that such hypercalcemia is seen in about 10% of cancer patients. Main cause of hypercalcemia associated with cancer is local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH) due to bone metastasis or humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). The most common etiology of HHM is the production of Parathormone (PTH) related peptide (PTH-rP) massively secreted from cancer tissues. PTH-rP has been recently well investigated and its molecular, mRNA and gene structure have been already determined. The progress of this area is very rapid and PTH-rP will be assayed in the clinical laboratory in near future. As for glucose metabolism disturbance as paraneoplastic syndrome, hypoglycemia is the most common abnormality. This type of hypoglycemia has been noted in relation with excessive production of somatomedin.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗