Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VESTIBULAR APPARATUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of rotation on the sleep state-dependent midlatency auditory evoked P50 potential in the human.

Sopite syndrome, characterized by loss of initiative, sensitivity to normally innocuous sensory stimuli, and impaired concentration amounting to a sensory gating deficit, is commonly associated with Space Motion Sickness (SMS). The amplitude of the P50 potential is a measure of level of arousal, and a paired-stimulus paradigm can be used to measure sensory gating. We used the rotary chair to elicit the sensory mismatch that occurs with SMS by overstimulating the vestibular apparatus. The effects of rotation on the manifestation of the P50 midlatency auditory evoked response were then assessed as a measure of arousal and distractibility. Results showed that rotation-induced motion sickness produced no change in the level of arousal but did produce a significant deficit in sensory gating, indicating that some of the attentional and cognitive deficits observed with SMS may be due to distractibility induced by decreased habituation to repetitive stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Neurologic aspects of motion sickness].

To study the function of the nervous system in motion disease, 48 persons with low stability of the vestibular apparatus in response to accelerations induced by body rotation within two planes underwent clinico-neurologic and neurophysiological examinations. It has been established that in the second grade motion disease, there appears disseminated neurological micro-symptomatology which in 93% of the test subjects with the third degree disease becomes evident enough. It is accompanied by vegetovascular lability and transitory asthenia. The initial neurological and psychophysiological characteristics recovered during one day. The neurological syndromes revealed can be regarded as adequate indicators of fatigue. The own methods of psycho- and pharmacotherapy of the neurological disorders induced by motion disease are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Total sequestration of the labyrinth].

At present total sequestration of the labyrinth in the case of purulent epitympanitis and cholesteatoma is a rare pathology. This paper describes data from the literature and two observations by the present authors. They offer an efficient method for arresting labyrinthectomy-induced liquorrhea by means of a flap of the lip mucous membrane. They maintain that computer tomography combined with traditional tomography is an informative method for diagnosing labyrinth destruction. They assert that continuous destruction of the labyrinth during prolonged pyorrhea and progressive development of cholesteatoma can be stimulated by functional changes of the body, e.g. pregnancy. They also suggest that the vestibular apparatus has high compensatory potentials under the conditions of a complete destruction of the vestibule and semicircular canals as a result of extended inflammation of the middle and internal ear.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The structure and function of the semicircular canals].

This review discusses present-day concepts concerning the structure and function of semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus. It is indicated that the data available today about the function of semicircular canals suggest that they should be considered as a system with distributed parameters and that particular attention should be given not only to canal-canal interaction but also to canal-otolith interaction. A special section is allowed for the discussion of an agreement between mathematical description of the behavior of semicircular canals and experimental data. This work is of theoretical and practical importance and can help clarify the potential role of semicircular canals in the development of space motion sickness.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electronystagmographic values of the caloric vestibular response in the cumulative phase in healthy people].

Cumulative phase nystagmic responses to caloric stimulation was examined in 72 healthy subjects without any balance disorders and aged 15-55 years. After detailed problem-oriented anamnesis had been taken, vestibular apparatus function was examined by caloric water stimulation using its standard values (44 degrees C, 30 degrees C and if necessary, 18 degrees C) together with electronystagmographic registration of nystagmus. During each labyrinth caloric stimulation, data on vertigo, nausea and vomiting have been recorded. Results have shown that there were 37-74 nystagmic jerks to caloric stimulation, and 24-62 to cold stimulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Physiologic and clinical manifestations of brain-dominance (author's transl)].

The effects of brain-dominance in psychology, electrophysiology and the axial muscles are described. 1. Left-sided vascular hemispheric brain-distrubances, with or without aphasia, reduce, compared with arteriosclerotics, without focal signs, verbal, action-and total IQ, those on the right side only the action and total IQ. When comparing right- and left-sided frontal, frontoparietal and frontotemporal vascular disturbances - with or without a aphasia-, the left-sided frontotemporal lesions had a lower action- and verbal IQ, even if there were no signs of aphasia. In children aged between 12 and 40 months we found no correlation between the degree of motor dominance and mental development. Among children with delayed speech development--and therefore also in children with subnormal development--the number of lefthander was significantly higher than with the other children. 2. One can show electromyographically that, when a muscle is voluntarily contracted, there is simultaneous contraction of the same muscle on the other side. This contralateral motorspread happens more often from the stimulation of the dominant side to the subordinated side than vice versa. Ipsilateral somato-sensory cortical response is more common when stimulating the dominant than the subordinated ulnar nerve and develops ontogenetically parellel with right- or left-handedness. 3. Stabilographic registration can show a right-sided prevalence of swing of the vertical axis of the body, which probably is related to a lower irritability of the vestibular apparatus on galvanic stimulation. With the eyes open, the right-sided deviation of the bodyaxis increases which can be explained by greater functional strength of the right visuomoto system, which itself can be shown by the higher frequency of right-sided optocinetic nystagmus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of the alert rabbit during motion sickness].

Sea sickness in alert rabbits induced an increase in the local blood flow in frontal, occipital and temporal cortex as well as an increase of the total blood flow in the brain. The blood flow increases first in the temporal cortex. The changes occur at an unaltered pO2 level in the brain cortex and hypotensive response. The blood flow increase seems to be due to reflex dilatory effects of the vestibular apparatus on the brain vessels and to intensification of metabolism in result of general activation of cortical structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Rotation speed of labyrinthectomized fish during short-duration weightlessness.

This study used blind unilaterally labyrinthectomized goldfish of 5 to 15 cm body length. These goldfish were flown in parabolic flights to temporarily effect the loss of the second vestibular apparatus. Flights took place between 1 and 72 h after the operation. Attitude in 3 axes was recorded on video and analyzed from single-frame pictures for speed and direction of rotation about the roll (fish's body longitudinal) axis. Labyrinthectomy resulted in a rotation pattern consistent with literature under normal Earth-G conditions. Under diminished G-influence, the rotations, contrary to our expectation, did not stop, but, rather, increased in speed by a factor of 2 to 4. The direction of rotation did not change. The fish readapted to the low-G environment rapidly and returned to the rotation speeds observed before entry into the parabolas during the 5 to 7 s of parabola duration. Current theories for the generation of adaptation are discussed and their merits in explaining the experimental data are compared.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacological correction of central nervous system function in exposure to Coriolis acceleration].

Healthy volunteers with a low vestibular tolerance were exposed to Coriolis acceleration. Potassium orotate, pyracetame and riboxine were used as prophylactic measures against disorders in the function of the vestibular apparatus and higher compartments of the higher nervous system. The central nervous function was assessed with respect to the spectral power of electroencephalograms, short-term memory and mental performance. Potassium orotate given at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day during 12-14 days as well as pyracetame given at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight/day during 3 or 7 days increased significantly statokinetic tolerance and produced a protective effect on the central nervous function against Coriolis acceleration.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental and clinical study test of capreomycin].

Data on the experimental and clinical study of capreomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis are presented. It was shown that capreomycin had low activity with respect to the sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv in vitro and the respective infection caused by it in mice. The activity of capreomycin in vitro with respect to streptomycin resistant strains was the same as that with respect to the sensitive strains, while in vivo it increased 3 times. Capreomycin showed a tendency to decreasing its activity with respect to strains highely resistant to canamycin only in vitro. The effect of capreomycin on tuberculosis infection caused by strains resistant to different concentrations of canamycin was the same as that on tuberculosis infection caused by sensitive strains. Cross resistance between florimycin (viomycin) and capreomycin was shown. Clinical trails of capreomycin revealed its moderate therapeutic efficiency, relatively low toxicity and an allergenizing effect on the host. Transient ventibulopatia without pronounced signs of ototoxic action was observed. The nephrotoxic effect was moderate and transient. It was observed predominantly at the peak of the allergic reactions to the antitubercle drugs. The data obtained during the study allow recommendation of capreomycin use in clinics as reserve drug when the causative agent is not resistant to florimycin. The drug should be used under regular control of the blood picture, electrolyte metabolism, state of the kidneys, auditory and vestibular apparatus.

Adult↗