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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Tracheobronchitis due to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum.

We have presented a case of tracheobronchitis due to C pseudodiphtheriticum in a patient with COPD who was treated with prednisone and apparently was not otherwise immunocompromised. Chronic lung disease seems to predispose to infection with C pseudodiphtheriticum; it can also occur in the immunocompetent host. This organism, when isolated in pure culture, should not be dismissed as a contaminant, but must be considered a possible etiologic agent. Sensitivity of diphtheroids to antibiotics is extremely variable. We believe vancomycin should be used in respiratory tract infections caused by diphtheroids, including C pseudodiphtheriticum, until the results of in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests are available.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Tracheobronchial involvement with Crohn's disease.

We report the case of a young woman with Crohn's disease of the bowel who presented with a purulent tracheobronchitis and life-threatening upper airway obstruction. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated severe tracheal and upper bronchial pseudotumours and stenosis. The role of recent discontinuation of corticosteroids, for quiescent inflammatory bowel disease, in the development of endobronchial disease and the dramatic response in airway patency after reintroduction of prednisolone in this rare complication of Crohn's disease are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Airway obstruction and acute respiratory failure due to Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.

OBJECTIVE: To report a patient with lymphoma who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis resulting in airway obstruction and acute respiratory failure. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. PATIENT: A 22-yr-old female with lymphoma who developed a respiratory infection 3 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy. She was treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics and subsequently received a supplementary chemotherapeutic course. Soon afterward she developed severe respiratory failure. Chest radiograph showed atelectasis of the right upper and lower lobes. INTERVENTIONS: Emergent mechanical ventilation; fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed extensive obstruction of both main and subsegmental bronchi with a solid mass strongly adhered to the bronchial wall; both histologic examination and culture of that mass revealed Aspergillus. The patient died of refractory hypoxemia a few days later. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised patients with suspected lung infection even when the main radiographic finding is atelectasis. Bronchoscopy and histologic examination of identified intraluminal material should be performed as soon as possible.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of open dilatational tracheostomy with conventional pediatric tracheostomy in a growing animal model.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the tracheal changes after applying a new open dilatational tracheostomy (ODT) technique with those from a conventional open tracheostomy (COT) with vertical cartilage incision in a growing animal model. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, experimental investigation in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen New Zealand white rabbits as a pediatric model were divided into three groups: six rabbits had COT (n = 6), another six underwent an ODT (n = 6), and one rabbit acted as a control. Each rabbit underwent tracheostomy by assigned procedures on the first day. On day 8, they were decannulated. On day 15, their tracheas were harvested. We examined the gross findings and histologic changes of each tracheal segment at the stomal level. In addition, we analyzed three parameters: the quotient of the stomal and nonstomal segment in sagittal diameter, coronal diameter, and cross-sectional area. RESULTS: The framework of cartilages at the stomal level were more distorted in the COT group. Histologic examination also showed buckling of the anterior tracheal wall, loss of cartilage, infiltration by many polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and the marked ingrowth of fibrous tissue in the COT group. Sagittal and coronal diameters and cross-sectional areas were significantly affected more severely after a COT than after an ODT. CONCLUSION: Our new modification of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, named "open dilatational tracheostomy," was successfully applied to a small, growing animal model and showed more favorable and consistent healing of trachea compared with COT. Therefore, the authors' new tracheostomy procedure could be applied to children who require short-term tracheostomy at any age in clinical settings.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of a virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis.

A virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis was purified and its morphology and structural polypeptides were compared with those of the bovine, human and murine members of the genus Pneumovirus. The isolate possessed surface projections 13 to 14 nm in length and a helical nucleocapsid 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 7 nm. Approximately seven presumed viral polypeptides were observed. Their apparent molecular weights were 200 x 10(3) (200K), 84K, 54K, 42K, 37K, 31K and 14K; two of these, the 84K and 54K polypeptides, were glycosylated. The virus was shown to possess many features that were similar to established pneumoviruses and can therefore be regarded as a possible member of this genus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Sequence analysis of the 22K, SH and G genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus and their intergenic regions reveals a gene order different from that of other pneumoviruses.

The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRTV) together with the nucleotide sequences of the relevant intergenic regions were determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of one of the genes shows significant identity (42%) to that of the 22K protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The TRTV 22K gene, like that of RSV, has a second open reading frame, although the amino acid sequence deduced from this reading frame does not show any similarity to the equivalent predicted RSV protein. The other two genes and their deduced amino acid sequences do not show any sequence similarity to the genes of other pneumoviruses. However, the hydrophobicity profiles of the predicted proteins do show similarities to those of the small hydrophobic (SH) and attachment protein (G) genes of RSV. The TRTV G gene is 1193 nucleotides in length and encodes a protein of 391 amino acids (M(r) 42984), which is rather larger than the RSV G protein (predicted M(r) 36000). The TRTV SH gene is 589 nucleotides in length, encoding a protein of 174 amino acids (M(r) 18797), which is considerably larger than the size of the RSV SH protein (M(r) 7500). The sequences of the intergenic regions derived from clones of polycistronic mRNAs and polymerase chain reaction products obtained with primers from different genes reveal the order on the virus genome to be 3' F-22K-SH-G 5'. This differs from the gene order of paramyxoviruses and morbilliviruses, which lack a 22K gene (and in some cases a SH gene), and the pneumoviruses RSV and pneumonia virus of mice, which have the F and 22K genes located after the G gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Deletion of the non-essential UL0 gene of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus leads to attenuation in chickens, and UL0 mutants expressing influenza virus haemagglutinin (H7) protect against ILT and fowl plague.

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, possesses several unique genes. One of them, UL0, encodes an abundantly expressed protein that accumulates in the nuclei of ILTV-infected cells. This study demonstrates that this protein is dispensable for in vitro virus replication and that UL0 deletion mutants exhibit only minor growth defects in cultured cells. The UL0 gene locus of ILTV was also used for insertion of foreign DNA sequences encoding enhanced GFP or haemagglutinin (HA), subtype H7, of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. Expression of foreign proteins was shown by (immuno)fluorescence tests and Western blot analyses. After experimental infection of chickens, UL0 deletion mutants proved to be attenuated when compared to both parental wild-type ILTV and an UL0 rescue mutant. Nevertheless, all animals immunized with UL0-negative ILTV were protected from clinical disease after subsequent infection with virulent ILTV. Furthermore, all animals immunized with HA-expressing ILTV survived a lethal challenge with H7 subtype avian influenza virus with minimal clinical signs. Thus, an UL0-negative and HA-expressing ILTV recombinant may be used as a bivalent live virus vaccine against ILT and fowl plague. Unlike inactivated influenza virus vaccines, HA-expressing ILTV recombinants should be suitable for mass application and would also permit serological discrimination between vaccinated and virus-infected animals in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acute epiglottitis and severe croup. Experience in two English regions.

The case histories of 50 children who required tracheal intubation for epiglottitis or croup in two English regions have been reviewed. The incidence of severe croup was different in the two regions. The presentation of epiglottitis was variable, and the correct diagnosis was frequently made only at laryngoscopy. Unexpected and rapid deterioration occurred in both diseases, and cyanosis was commonly present on hospital admission and at laryngoscopy. Two children required planned tracheostomy and there were two deaths. The principles of safe management are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Acute infective airway obstruction associated with subglottic stenosis.

Pre-existing subglottic stenosis in a 22-month-old child with laryngotracheobronchitis resulted in failure to intubate the trachea on the intensive therapy unit. Tracheostomy was necessary in the operating theatre to secure the airway. The implications for safe management are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Immuno-gold labelling of turkey rhinotracheitis virus.

The morphology and morphogenesis of five viruses isolated in Great Britain, France and South Africa from turkeys with rhinotracheitis were examined. The five isolates were antigenically related by immunofluorescence and were indistinguishable by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy. Negative contrast electron microscopy of infected Vero cell cultures revealed ortho- or paramyxovirus-like particles and helical nucleocapsids 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 6 nm. The viral nature of these structures was confirmed by immuno-gold labelling, using a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to TRT virus and 15 nm gold-labelled goat anti-rabbit IgG. Ultrastructural changes characteristics of paramyxovirus infection were observed in Vero cell cultures infected with each of the five TRT virus isolates. These alterations, which included areas of localised thickening of plasma membrane, associated cytoplasmic inclusions of nucleocapsids and budding virus particles also labelled specifically following immunogold staining. These observations are in accord with the suggestion that TRT virus is an avian pneumovirus.

Animals↗