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PubMed2004

Two Gravettian human deciduous teeth from Grub/Kranawetberg, lower Austria.

In this paper we present two heavily eroded tooth fragments found in Grub/Kranawetberg, a Gravettian excavation site near Stillfried, Lower Austria. Both fragments were found during wet screening of sediment taken from an area near a hearth. Overall, the cultural layer yielded a large number of stone tools and flakes as well as bony points and over sixty bone beads and bone bead fragments. They point to an absolute date of 24,400 to 25,400 BP. We present a description of the tooth fragments and identify them as remains of an early modern human. One of the fragments is a deciduous right first lower molar (84) and the other a deciduous left lateral upper incisor (62). Due to their characteristic shape and size, as well as the degree of attrition, both teeth could have belonged to one single individual--a possibility consistent with their position in the stratigraphic column. The incisor could be compared for its metrical dimensions to the few other contemporaneous Upper Palaeolithic findings showing an insignificantly smaller dimension in mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions. Although the remains are limited they increase our very small sample of deciduous teeth for this time period, which is essential for a better understanding of possible evolutionary trends from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Mesolithic.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1990

Paleoepidemiology of a central California prehistoric population from CA-Ala-329: dental disease.

Ala-329 is a prehistoric central California site located on the southeastern margin of San Francisco Bay, dating from approximately 500 AD up to pre-European contact. A large earth mound, Ala-329, has yielded many well preserved burials, approximately 300 of which are included in this study. The most common pathological lesions seen in this population are in the dentition. Advanced attrition is pervasive, affecting all individuals with teeth in occlusion for 2 years or more. Deciduous teeth are involved even in very young children and often show severe wear before replacement. In the permanent dentition, all elements are involved by the second decade; in the oldest age category (41+ years), all individuals show severe wear throughout their dentitions. In fact, by the end of the third decade, the majority of individuals have no enamel remaining. Mild periodontal involvement is found in 74% of adults, socket resorption in 53%, and abscesses in 31% of the relevant sample. Interestingly, although dental abscesses are found more than twice as often among males, socket resorption is seen more often among females. Dental caries are seen in only 10 individuals. The high incidence of periodontal remodeling, socket resorption, and dental abscesses is probably a secondary result of severe dental attrition. It is hypothesized that a large quantity of abrasives in the diet is responsible for the extreme degree of attrition, in fact, among the most severe for any population yet described.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Dens evaginatus. Case report.

Dens evaginatus is a developmental anomaly primarily in people of Mongoloid origin. The premolar teeth are more often affected, although molars, canines and incisors have been recorded as affected. The anomaly consists of a tubercle of enamel-covered dentine, containing an extension of pulpal tissue. Early attrition or fracture of the tubercle can result in pulpal necrosis in immature teeth.

Asian People↗
PubMed1988

Dentinogenesis imperfecta in a six-generation family. A clinical, radiographic and histologic comparison of two branches through three generations.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II through 2 branches of a 6-generation family was presented focusing on individual differences in clinical, radiographic and histological appearances. These differences lead to different treatment approaches emphasizing prevention of attrition in order to avoid loss of vertical height and development of periapical lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Why is there and should there be more attention paid to dental erosion?

Fluoride delivered by fluoridation, toothpaste, and mouth rinses, combined with regular preventive professional and personal care, has given us a much better opportunity to keep our teeth for a lifetime. But in contrast to better preventive care, lifestyle changes leading to stress or dietary changes in what and how we drink and eat may adversely affect the esthetics and/or healthy look of our teeth. Surface-enamel wear can be described as the result as well as a chronicle of an individual's life. Components of wear--including abfraction, attrition, abrasion, and erosion--combine to characterize the lifetime of wear. The chemical-erosive-wear component appears to be changing because of modern cultural life choices. A number of literature reports conclude that excessive exposure to various acid sources can contribute to the chemical erosion of tooth surfaces. For example, the hydrochloric acid regurgitated from the stomach, the acid added to swimming pools to combat microbes, the citric and chelating carboxylic acids of fruit and fruit-based beverages, the phosphoric acid of cola beverages, and the acetic acid of vinegars used for salads all can contribute to the chemical erosion of tooth surfaces. While these acid sources have the potential to erode, our saliva and the manner in which we consume these substances can largely modify the erosive action of the acids they contain. With a better understanding of our personal lifestyle choices coupled with the educated guidance of our profession, we can help to reduce the opportunities for erosive wear to occur.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Covariation of some factors associated with occlusal tooth wear in a selected high-wear sample.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of some factors associated with occlusal tooth wear in a selected high-wear Swedish sample. The material comprised 59 subjects having a mean age of 35 yr within the range 16-70 yr, the criteria for selection being a full or nearly full complement of natural teeth, and the presence of definite clinical signs of occlusal wear. A dentition wear index was derived from a tooth-by-tooth evaluation of casts. The results showed that men had significantly greater wear than women. Other factors which were found to correlate significantly with increased occlusal wear were: age, increased bite force, decreased occlusal tactile sensitivity, increased endurance time, and reduced tendency for crowding in the dental arches. In the salivary analysis, it was found that low buffer capacity and low rate of secretion were significantly correlated with high wear. Cephalometric variables shown to be correlated with increased wear were retroclination and position of maxillary incisors, and greater interincisal angle. The results from this study also suggest that the associations of attrition with certain dentoalveolar morphologic features are similar in the present contemporary sample and various noncontemporary populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Structural deformities of deciduous teeth in patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.

Structural deformities of deciduous teeth from patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) (1 male and 2 female patients) were examined by means of transmitted light microscopy, contact microradiography, and x-ray microanalysis. Freshly extracted teeth were fixed in formalin and subsequently hemisected longitudinally through the midline. One half was prepared for ground sections and the other half for decalcified sections. Neither gross nor microscopic abnormalities were present in enamel of patients with HVDRR. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus and the calcium/phosphorus ratio of the enamel of patients with HVDRR were nearly equal to those of normal teeth, although the degree of radiopacity was less in HVDRR. On the other hand, numerous microscopic abnormalities in the dentin of patients with HVDRR were found, such as interglobular dentin, wide predentin zones, and tubular defects. The concentration of phosphorus in the dentin of a patient with familial HVDRR was extremely low. Furthermore, formation of reparative dentin was observed at the pulp horn of teeth in patients with HVDRR that had been subjected to definite attrition at the corresponding dentin site.

Calcium↗
PubMed1993

Evolution of fluoride concentrations in cattle and grass following a volcanic eruption.

This study determined fluoride concentrations of forage, water and bovine serum 2-y after the cessation of a volcanic eruption. Three farms within the polluted area were selected, and water and green grass were collected from April 1990 to February 1992. Samples of hay were collected twice from each farm. Five cows exposed during the 13-mo eruption and 6 young bulls not exposed during the volcanic eruption had blood collected monthly or bimonthly. Serum fluoride concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined and dental conditions observed in all animals. Grass fluoride remained low except during spring of the second year; high fluoride was in the hay. Serum fluoride of the cows remained near acceptable reference values, although some cows had higher values; serum fluoride of the bulls markedly increased during the spring of the second year. Severe incisor attrition occurred in the cows, while the young bulls had less severely eroded teeth.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of attrition and occlusal contact in the physiology of the rat incisor: X. The part played by the periodontal ligament in the eruptive process.

Removal of the proliferating base of the rat incisor did not influence the rate of eruption which responded to changes in impediment to eruption in a fashion similar to that for control teeth. It is the peridontal ligament rather than the proliferating cells that is responsible for tooth eruption. The elements of the peridontal ligament apparently responsible for tooth movement are the mature fibroblasts.

Animals↗