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PubMed1980

A newly revised classification of the protozoa.

The subkingdom Protozoa now inclues over 65,000 named species, of which over half are fossil and approximately 10,000 are parasitic. Among living species, this includes approximately 250 parasitic and 11,300 free-living sarcodines (of which approximately 4,600 are foraminiferids); approximately 1,8000 parasitic and 5,100 free-living flagellates; approximately 5,600 parasitic "Sporozoa" (including Apicomplexa, Microspora, Myxospora, and Ascetospora); and approximately 2,5000 parasitic and 4,700 free-living ciliates. There are undoubtedly thousands more still unnamed. Seven phyla of PROTOZOA are accepted in this classification--SARCOMASTIGOPHORA, LABYRINTHOMORPHA, APICOMPLEXA, MICROSPORA, ASCETOSPORA, MYXOSPORA, and CILIOPHORA. Diagnoses are given for these and for all higher taxa through suborders, and reporesentative genera of each are named. The present scheme is a considerable revision of the Society's 1964 classification, which was prepared at a time when perhaps 48,000 species had been named. It has been necessitated by the acquisition of a great deal of nex taxonomic information, much of it through electron microscopy. It is hoped that the present classification incorporatesmost of the major changes that will be made for some time, and that it will be used for many years by both protozoologist and non-protozoologists.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Treatment-resistant depression: resistant to definition?

OBJECTIVE: To better define treatment-resistant depression (TRD) so as to assist clinical management and refine treatment guidelines. METHOD: In this study, we examine a broad range of clinical variables in depressed patients (n=196) referred to a tertiary referral Mood Disorders Unit (MDU). Information was collected from patients, referrers and assessors over a period of 32 months and included evaluations of treatments, treatment resistance and related variables. Data were analysed across trichotomized 'high', 'low' and 'no' treatment resistance groupings of patients. RESULTS: A significantly greater proportion of patients with melancholia were amongst the high TRD group, and this was consistent across different strategies for evaluating melancholia. CONCLUSION: Melancholia perhaps provides a prototypic TRD subset that perhaps reflects some innate aspects of melancholic depression or factors such as the impact of ageing. Research into TRD is needed to both replicate this finding and perhaps explicate it further.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent advances in diabetes mellitus of interest to dentistry.

Significant changes were made in 1997 by The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus of the American Association of Diabetes regarding the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. The terms "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) and "non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) were dropped. The new classification is, in general, based on etiology rather than on treatment and includes four groups: Type I (autoimmune), Type 2 (non-autoimmune), Other specific types, and Gestational diabetes. The fasting blood glucose level for diagnosis was lowered from 140 mg/dL to 126 mg/dL. A random blood glucose of 200 mg/dL or greater in a patient with symptoms of diabetes is diagnostic. Each of these diagnostic tests needs to be repeated on a separate day. The glucose tolerance test is no longer recommended for routine diagnostic use. Recommendations for the screening of diabetes mellitus in presumably healthy individuals are presented. New advances in insulin and its delivery to the diabetic patient are discussed. The impact of diabetes mellitus on the oral cavity is updated.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Acronymophilia.

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Abbreviations as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Two applications of information extraction to biological science journal articles: enzyme interactions and protein structures.

Information extraction technology, as defined and developed through the U.S. DARPA Message Understanding Conferences (MUCs), has proved successful at extracting information primarily from newswire texts and primarily in domains concerned with human activity. In this paper we consider the application of this technology to the extraction of information from scientific journal papers in the area of molecular biology. In particular, we describe how an information extraction system designed to participate in the MUC exercises has been modified for two bioinformatics applications: EMPathIE, concerned with enzyme and metabolic pathways; and PASTA, concerned with protein structure. Progress to date provides convincing grounds for believing that IE techniques will deliver novel and effective ways for scientists to make use of the core literature which defines their disciplines.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2006

[Disparity in the criteria for including patients with neonatal sepsis in scientific medical studies. Are we swimming in a sea without limits?].

OBJECTIVE: To characterize disparity in the criteria used for patient enrollment in clinical research on neonatal sepsis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used MEDLINE to identify clinical research in neonatal sepsis published in English from 1993 to 2005. We used the criteria of the International Consensus Conference Panel: International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction in Pediatrics (IPSCC) published in 2005 as an arbitrary standard in each of the articles. Articles were considered to define neonatal sepsis clearly if they mentioned the criteria and described the values used. Articles were considered not to define neonatal sepsis clearly if they used the phrase "septic patients were included" without describing the variables or values used for inclusion. RESULTS: We identified 150 articles, of which 26.6 % specified the criteria and values of the IPSCC. The remaining 110 articles did not mention the values or the variables used to define neonatal sepsis. CONCLUSION: There is a disparity in the criteria used to operatively define neonatal sepsis in clinical studies performed in distinct parts of the world.

Biomedical Research↗