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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Changes of clinical biochemical values after bilateral nephrectomy and allotransplantation of the kidney in pigs.

In a series of 10 healthy pigs, the normal ranges of the following biochemical parameters in blood serum were assessed: creatinine, urea, mineralogram (Na, K, Cl), uric acid, bilirubin, total protein, cholesterol, blood lipid level, thymol turbidity reaction and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase and transaminases. The changes of these values were followed up in two pigs after bilateral nephrectomy and in 18 pigs subjected to orthotopic allotransplantation of the kidneys. The examination confirmed that creatinine and urea are the most important values with a prognostic impact. However, other biochemical values signalize also renal dysfunction. In the mineralogram, values of Na and K ions are important indicators. Deterioration of renal functions was associated as a rule with a decline of alpha-amylase and alkaline phosphatase. The other examinations did not display any marked changes during renal damage.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

Chitosan does not reduce post-prandial urinary oxalate excretion.

Chitosan is a positively charged non-absorbable cellulose-like fibrillar biopolymer derived from shellfish which forms films with negatively charged surfaces. We hypothesized that negatively charged oxalate in the intestinal lumen could attach to the positively charged tertiary amino group of chitosan. We studied the effects of chitosan on intestinal oxalate absorption by measuring urinary oxalate excretion following an oral oxalate load with and without accompanying oral chitosan. The subjects consumed a fixed diet and collected urine for 24 h, in divided periods, during control and experimental protocols. Urine was collected with HCl and thymol as a preservative. For the control period, the subjects consumed an oxalate load, 50 g of cooked spinach, with water for lunch; the post-prandial urine collection was divided into three periods of 2 h. For the experimental period, 1 week later, the subjects consumed the same diet as that during the control period, but added 2 g of chitosan to the oxalate load. Post-prandial urinary oxalate excretion was expressed as mg oxalate/g creatinine. The spinach load was associated with a significant post-prandial increase in urinary oxalate during the control period of 25.7+/-12.8 mg/g creatinine. Accompanying the oxalate load with chitosan was well tolerated. There was no decrease in post-prandial urinary oxalate excretion during the experimental period: oxalate excretion rose by 31.3+/-16.9 mg/g creatinine (P=0.57, NS). We conclude that chitosan does not reduce acute intestinal oxalate absorption and therefore does not affect post-prandial urinary oxalate excretion.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed2000

Effect of different combinations of MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide with plant-derived molluscicides on snail reproduction.

Effect of sublethal treatment (20% and 60% of LC(50)/24 h) of plant-derived molluscicides, viz. Polianthes tuberosa, Trachyspermum ammi, Allium sativum powder; Azadirachta indica oil; oleoresin of Zingiber officinale; and their active molluscicidal component in combination (1:5) with MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide on the reproduction of snail Lymnaea acuminata have been studied. It was observed that the combination of plant derived molluscicide and their active molluscicidal components, viz. tigogenin, hecogenin, azadirachtin, allicin, thymol, and [6]-gingerol combination with MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide caused a significant reduction in fecundity, hatchability, and survival of young snails. Withdrawal of snails to fresh water after the above treatment caused a significant recovery in the fecundity of L. acuminata.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Talc pleurodesis in recurrent pleural effusions.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The treatment of recurrent malignant pleural effusions is known to be difficult and varies from observation in asymptomatic patients to pleurectomy with varying results. This prospective study presents the efficacy and the limits of iodized talc pleurodesis in patients with malignant and non-malignant recurrent pleural effusions. METHODS: In a prospective trial talc pleurodesis was performed in 50 patients with recurrent pleural effusions (malignant effusions: n=36, non-malignant effusions: n=14). After insertion of a chest tube and complete re-expansion of the lung, 5 mg of talc and 3 mg of thymol iodine were installed with 0.5 ml of 1% xylocaine/kg body weight and 30 ml 0.9% saline solution. The chest tube was removed after an average time of 4 days and chest radiographs were performed 1 month after instillation to evaluate the efficacy of pleurodesis. RESULTS: Successful therapy was achieved in 31 of 33 patients (94%) with malignant effusions within a follow-up period of 7 months. Three patients died within 1 month after therapy due to progressive malignant disease. The treatment was successful in all cases of non-malignant effusions and complications did not occur in either group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that pleurodesis with iodized talcum slurry is a simple and inexpensive method with high efficacy in controlling malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions.

Chest Tubes↗
PubMed2005

Changes in the composition of phospholipid fatty acids and sterols of maize root in response to monoterpenes.

Terpenes are thought to be important in plant plant interactions because of their phytotoxic action on seed germination and growth. Herein, the effects of five volatile monoterpenes on root sterols and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition have been studied during maize seedling germination. The investigated monoterpenes (camphor, 1-8 cineole, geraniol, menthol, and thymol) were applied at their respective IC80 (concentration causing 80% inhibition). They quantitatively affected free sterols and PLFA composition, thus producing an increase in the percentage of unsaturated PLFAs, stigmasterol of the free sterol fraction, and saturated steryl ester fatty acids. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic monoterpenes appeared to have different modes of action. The former affected unsaturated fatty acid and stigmasterol to a greater extent, and accordingly they could interfere in seedling growth by changes in the membrane lipids.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation promoted by iron(III) and ascorbate.

Peroxidation of rat liver microsomes and of phospholipid isolated from them was studied using iron(III) and ascorbate initiation. One-half equivalent of citrate per iron equivalent maintained solubility of the metal ion at neutral pH. Several metal chelators, including additional citrate, blocked peroxidation, but catalase did not. These characteristics are consistent with those reported by others (D. M. Miller and S. D. Aust (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 271, 113-119). Several antioxidants, principally tocopherol analogues and nitroxides, and, as well, a nonenzymatic component of "thymol-free" catalase, potently blocked lipid peroxidation, or, equivalently, dioxygen depletion from suspensions of peroxidizing microsomes. Chromanols were the most active antioxidants. No thiol studied had significant antioxidant activity in the test system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of phenolic dental medicaments on prostaglandin synthesis by microsomes of bovine tooth pulp and rabbit kidney medulla.

Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis from [1-14C]-arachidonic acid by bovine dental pulp microsomes was stimulated by 0.1-0.5 mM concentrations of p-chlorophenol (PCP) and inhibited by more than 3 mM. Dual effects (stimulation and inhibition) of phenol, PCP, o-, m-, p- and tri-cresol on PG synthesis by rabbit kidney medullary microsomes were observed. Of various compounds tested, eugenol, thymol and guaiacol were the most potent inhibitors; the inhibitory action was reversible. Phenolic compounds did not affect the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, or lactate dehydrogenase in rabbit kidney medulla within the range of concentrations that stimulated or inhibited PG synthesis. Thus the analgesic effect of phenolic medicaments in endodontic therapy may be due to inhibition of arachidonic-acid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Arginine residues are involved in the transport function of bilitranslocase.

Specific guanido group reagents inhibit bilitranslocase transport activity in rat liver plasma membrane vesicles. Their reaction is shown to be affected by sulfobromophthalein, Thymol blue and bilirubin, which are translocated by bilitranslocase across the plasma membrane. It is concluded that the transport function of bilitranslocase depends on arginine residues, which are involved in the interaction with the molecules to be translocated.

Anions↗
PubMed1990

The sulfhydryl groups responsible for bilitranslocase transport activity respond to the interaction of the carrier with bilirubin and functional analogues.

Both inactivation of sulfobromophthalein transport in rat liver plasma membrane vesicles by sulfhydryl group reagents and subsequent reactivation by 2-mercaptoethanol are shown to be modulated by ligands to bilitranslocase. In particular, bilirubin, sulfobromophthalein and Thymol blue behave as negative effectors in the inactivation reaction and as positive effectors in the reactivation reaction. Kinetic data provide further evidence of the existence of two classes of sulfhydryl groups involved in transport activity. The effect brought about by remarkably low concentrations of bilirubin is in line with the physiological function of bilitranslocase as a bilirubin carrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of the association of cholephylic organic anions with different binding proteins.

The binding of the colored cholephylic anions tetrabromosulfonphthalein (BSP), di-bromosulfonphthalein (DBSP), indocyanine green (ICG) and thymol blue (ThB) to a number of protein preparations including bovine serum albumin, human serum, rat hepatic cytosol and purified rat liver bilitranslocase has been studied by a direct spectrophotometric method. The experimentation provides extinction coefficients, dissociation constants and number of binding sites for the different complexes between dyes and the various proteins. Data obtained by this technique were in excellent agreement with those obtained on the same samples by ultrafiltration. The data presented indicate that the direct spectrophotometry applied to these dyes is simple, rapid and reproducible, making this the approach of choice during the purification of binding proteins when the binding capacity is the only useful criterion to follow the progress of the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Glucuronidation in the Caco-2 human intestinal cell line: induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1*6.

The ability of the differentiated human intestinal cell line, Caco-2, to glucuronidate various endobiotic and xenobiotic molecules was investigated. Glucuronidation of hydroxylated or carboxylic acid compounds such as 1-naphthol, thymol, androsterone, estriol, hyodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, chloramphenicol, paracetamol and morphine could be determined in microsomal fractions of Caco-2 cells. The activity toward 1-naphthol was the highest glucuronidation activity measured in Caco-2 cells. This activity was specifically increased four-fold upon addition of beta-naphthoflavone into culture medium but not by rifampicine or clofibrate and was related to a biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1*6 (UGT1*6). alpha-Naphthoflavone did not affect the inducing property of beta-naphthoflavone. 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylation activity, supported by cytochrome P4501A1, was induced more than 1000-times in Caco-2 cells by beta-naphthoflavone treatment, and this effect was partially abolished by alpha-naphthoflavone treatment. The results suggest that several isoforms, including UGT1*6, are expressed in Caco-2 cells.

Benzoflavones↗
PubMed1984

Receptor cell responses to odorants: similarities and differences among odorants.

An extensive exploration of the discriminating properties of olfactory receptors cells has been conducted in our laboratory through the statistical processing of single cell responses recorded in the frog's olfactory epithelium. Similarities between odorant stimulating properties could be demonstrated by comparing the complex response profiles of receptor cells, resulting in the concept of odorant groups which depicts consistent relationships found between some odorous compounds. The recording technique limits the number of odorants which can be tested and compared within the same series of experiments. Thus, based upon previous studies we have chosen a specific set of 20 odorants whose characteristics are known but, up to this time, have not been compared in the same experimental system. These odorants were: acetophenone, anisole, n-butanol, DL-camphor, cyclodecanone, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, D-citronellol, n-heptanol, isoamyl acetate, isovaleric acid, D-limonene, methyl amylketone, L-menthol, phenol, thiophenol, pyridine, thymol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone. The pattern of similarities between these odorants, as delineated with the aid of correlation coefficient computation, factor analysis and non-hierarchical taxonomy, confirms the reality of several odorant groups previously suggested and describes their cross-relationships. The receptor mechanisms underlying these odorant groups are discussed. Because reliable prominent features of the olfactory stimulus space can be established on an objective basis, the findings are proposed as a reference for future studies on other aspects of olfactory discrimination.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antitumor polysaccharides from P. ostreatus (Fr.) Quél.: isolation and structure of a beta-glucan.

We isolated an antitumor glucan (HA beta-glucan) from the neutral polysaccharide fraction (A3) of a hot-water extract of the edible mushroom P. ostreatus (Fr.) Quél. Purification was accomplished by extractions with 20% sodium chloride solution saturated with thymol and by precipitations with ethanol from dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The glucan showed marked antitumor activity at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. It is a highly branched (1----3)-beta-glucan having an average structure represented by a pentasaccharide segment consisting of one nonreducing terminal, one 3,6-di-O-substituted, and three 3-mono-O-substituted beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues. This structure was confirmed by examining 13C-n.m.r. spectra taken at 75.46 MHz.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Influence of water storage and thermal cycling on the fracture strength of all-porcelain, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of water storage and thermal cycling on the fracture strength of two designs of all-porcelain, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures made with the glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic In-Ceram. Forty frameworks of In-Ceram ceramic veneered with Vitadur-N porcelain were made to replace an upper central incisor bonded to extracted natural teeth. In 20 of the restorations the pontic was veneered only labially with Vitadur-N porcelain and no proximal box preparations were made (design A). The other 20 restorations had additional box preparations proximal to the pontic and the In-Ceram ceramic pontic framework was shifted to the labial aspect and veneered circumferentially with Vitadur-N porcelain (design B). Subgroups of 10 restorations were stored for 7 days in thymol solution or alternatively for 150 days in artificial saliva with thermal cycling for 18,750 cycles between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C. Restorations with design B had a statistically significantly higher fracture strength than restorations with design A. Storage in artificial saliva with thermal cycling significantly reduced the fracture strength of the resin-bonded In-Ceram fixed partial dentures. Therefore, the long-term clinical behavior of resin-bonded In-Ceram fixed partial dentures must be evaluated before general clinical use can be recommended.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1990

AMS (acute mountain sickness), a vascular occlusive disease.

It is hypothesized that a cause of AMS could be vascular occlusion due to hemostatic plugs formed by DIPA (decompression-inducible platelet aggregation). Ex vivo experiments led to the current hypothesis that the rate of fibrin polymerization is accelerated by decompression and decelerated by compression. When experimental pressure is 253 torr (as at the top of Mt. Everest): (1) DIPA takes place independently of PO2; (2) ex vivo DIPA can be inhibited by menthol, thymol, piracetam and pentoxifylline. The experimental design was based on the premise that oppositely charged amino acid residues of adhesive site(s) are juxtaposed. Interaction of oppositely charged residues results in relaxation of electric constriction which causes the volume of the solution to increase. Because of the pressure-volume relationship, decompression alone can induce platelet aggregation. It is concluded that DIPA can be prevented and/or reversed by recompression, and by agents with a large electric dipole moment. It is suggested that the data presented here could be useful for DIPA investigations in vivo toward the prevention and/or alleviation of AMS.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1993

Determination of plasma propofol levels using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring.

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol, I.C.I. 35,868) is a rapid-acting, intravenous anesthetic agent recently introduced for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. This paper describes a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedure using selected-ion monitoring for the determination of plasma propofol levels. The drug and the internal standard (thymol) were extracted from plasma into diethyl ether-pentane, and derivatized to their trimethylsilyl derivatives before analysis. The reproducibility of the daily standard curves had coefficients of variation ranging from 2.7% to 10.2%. The precision of the assay yielded a coefficient of variation ranging from 4.5% to 5.6%, and the concentration means for the seeded control samples were found to be within -1.6% to +0.6% of the theoretical values for propofol. No interfering peaks have been observed in application of this procedure to either normal volunteer or patient samples. The minimum detectable level under the conditions described was 0.20 ng propofol/ml plasma. This assay and a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with fluorescence detection were both used to measure plasma propofol concentrations in 89 human plasma samples, and the correlation between the two methods was excellent.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1995

Quantitation of propofol in whole blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay, using selected-ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) with thymol as internal standard, was developed for quantitating propofol, an intravenous anaesthetic. The method described is rapid and sensitive for the determination of propofol in whole blood. The sensitivity of the present method is 10 ng/ml. The recovery of propofol added to human whole blood in the concentration range 10-10,000 ng/ml ranged between 95 and 100%. A single extraction procedure was used with chloroform-ethyl acetate. The assay allowed the detection of two metabolites formed during propofol metabolism: 2,6-diisopropyl-1,4-quinone and 2,6-diisopropyl-1,4-quinol.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed1996

Determination of diprivan in urine by a supported liquid membrane technique and liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection.

A supported liquid membrane technique was used for the extraction and enrichment of propofol in a spiked sample of urine. An acidic solution of propofol and thymol as an internal standard was passed over the membrane and after enrichment the acceptor solution was analyzed by LC with an electrochemical detector. The acceptor and donor pH, flow-rate, and volume of donor and different membrane solvents were varied to optimize the extraction efficiency. The detection limit for 100 ml of a spiked urine sample was 10 ppt of propofol.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗