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PubMed1978

Nonimmune and immune surveillance. II. Effect of recipient's age, tumor immunogenicity, and neonatal thymectomy on tumor growth inhibition.

After a suspension of tumor pieces was grafted into newborn and adult (CBA X C57BL/6J)F1 and BALB/c mice, the growth of Lewis lung adenocarcinoma and mammary gland adenocarcinoma was inhibited in newborn mice, whereas sarcoma of the rectum (SR-1-75) grew at the same rate in newborn and adult recipients. Neonatal thymectomy stimulated the growth of hepatoma (H-2-73) in newborns. The degree of tumor growth inhibition was age-dependent: The maximum inhibition was observed in 1- to 6-day-old recipients, but later it gradually decreased. The hepatoma (H-2-73) and ovarian carcinoma (OC-1-75) with inhibited growth in newborns and the tumor (SR-1-75) with uninhibited growth had equally low immunogenicity. The data suggested that newborns possess factors that inhibit tumor growth but these factors disappear with increased age of recipients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

B (MHC) antigen dependent modulation of GvH reactivity by neonatal thymectomy and alloimmunization.

Using Prague recombinant congenic lines of chickens, we found that neonatal thymectomy led either to a marked suppression (CC donors) or to a transient increase (CB donors) of GvH response against the B-F/L + B-G and B-F/L disparate congenic embryos. Similarly, preimmunization with the B (MHC) different blood led either to the suppression or increase of GvH reactivity of the CC and CB line donors depending on the antigenic difference (B-F/L + B-G, B-F/L, B-G) between the blood used for preimmunization, the immunized donor for GvH splenomegaly assay and the recipient embryos. In all cases, the suppression of GvH response of the CC line donors is accompanied with a marked increase in GvH reactivity against syngeneic and B-G 12 disparate embryos, suggesting an autoimmune state. Furthermore, the CC line chickens suffering from GvHD had lower GvH reactivity against the B (MHC) different embryos and a significantly raised reactivity against syngeneic embryos in comparison with controls. Chickens of the same group recovering from GvHD had an extremely high alloreactivity and only slightly or no increased GvH reactivity against syngeneic embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Origin and fate of IgE-bearing lymphocytes. II. Modulation of IgE isotype expression on Peyer's patch cells by feeding with certain bacteria and bacterial cell wall components or by thymectomy.

Mechanisms regulating the appearance of sIgE+ B lymphocytes appear to be lacking in adult germfree (GF) rats in that their Peyer's patches (PP) contain high numbers of cells with sIgE (approximately 15% of total cells), one-half of which simultaneously express sIgA, whereas sIgE+ cells are absent from PP of conventional rats (less than 1%). GF rat PP also contain elevated numbers of sIgA+ cells and decreased numbers of sIgM+ cells, with elevated numbers of sThy-1+ RT 7.1+ Ig- T cells, and reduced numbers of sThy-1- RT 7.1+ Ig- T cells. The cellular composition of PP of GF rats was converted to that resembling a conventional rat within 18 h after either 1) use of standard (unautoclaved) food; 2) feeding with certain bacteria (Clostridium difficile, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), in either live or heat-killed, but not autoclaved form; or with certain bacterial cell wall components: murein (peptidoglycan), and its synthetic derivatives, muramyltripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine and desmethyl-muramyldipeptide, but not with LPS, core lipid A or lipoprotein; there was no effect if any bacterial cell wall component was injected i.v.; or 3) thymectomy. Each procedure resulted in elimination of sIgE+ B cells and normalization of the other surface isotypes, and loss of sThy-1+ RT 7.1+ Ig- T cells and normalization of sThy-1- RT 7.1+ Ig- T cells. Irrespective of treatment, no sIgE+ cells were detected in bone marrow, thymus, other lymphoid organs or blood, excluding the possibility that the elimination of these cells from PP was associated with their redistribution to other sites. Thus, exposure to gut flora and bacterial peptidoglycan components may have resulted in IgE isotype switching, either directly or through the mediation of accessory and/or sThy-1+ RT 7.1+ regulatory T cells. The sites in which sIgE+ B cells are down-regulated appear to be PP.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Acupuncture anesthesia in thymectomy on myasthenia gravis patients.

Thymectomy is often successful as treatment for the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis. One complication of the operation on such patients is respiratory difficulty especially post-operatively, due to interference with the already disturbed transmission of signals along damaged nerve-endings. Acupuncture anesthesia offers a solution to that problem. In this series of 90 patients, the results of operation under conventional general anesthesia were compared with those under acupuncture anesthesia. It was found that patients in the latter group suffered fewer complications.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of thymectomy on induction of immunologic tolerance in the effectors of delayed hypersensitivity].

The influence of thymectomy (Tx) on induction of tolerance of delayed type hypersensitivity effectors (DHE) was examined. Tx did not interfere with induction of tolerance to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) achieved with combined injections of the massive dose of the antigen and cyclophosphamide (Cy). Tx resulted in prolongation of unresponsiveness. The injection of mice with the massive dose of SRBC alone also resulted in tolerance formation. However, this type of tolghtly depressed formation of DHE in intact but not in Cy treated mice. The results obtained are in agreement with the idea of the existence of diverse mechanisms of tolerance induction (clonic-deficient and suppressor). These data also suggest the existence of two subpopulations differing in susceptibility to Cy and Tx in DHE effectors and their precursors.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of thymectomy on the development of nephropathy in spontaneous thymoma rats of the BUF/Mna strain.

A close relationship was assumed between the developments of nephropathy and thymoma in the previous study, in which the effect of introduction of the rat nude gene was studied in high thymoma BUF/Mna rats. In this paper, the effect of neonatal thymectomy on the development of nephropathy was examined to clarify the relationship between these two lesions in BUF/Mna rats. The average amount of urinary protein excreted from sham-operated and thymectomized BUF/Mna rats was 30.8 +/- 17.1 and 40.0 +/- 20.0 mg/day, respectively, and the number of affected glomeruli per 100 glomeruli 4.9 +/- 1.0 and 5.3 +/- 2.0, respectively. There were no significant differences in the urinary protein content, the number of the affected glomeruli, and immunofluorescence findings. In a control group, ACI/NMs rats exhibited 8.9 +/- 2.6 mg/day protein in urine and 0.8 +/- 0.4% affected glomeruli, which were significantly different from that of sham-operated and thymectomized BUF/Mna rats. These results indicate that nephropathy in BUF/Mna rats results neither from thymoma itself nor from the immunological abnormality secondary to it, and suggest that this lesion might be ascribed to a genetic factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Thymectomy and Ribomunyl: apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of post-thymectomy acquired immunodeficiency are presented, together with its clinical and laboratory control, after stimulation with bacterial ribosomal vaccines (Ribomunyl).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Anaesthesia for trans-sternal thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

A retrospective review is presented of the thirty patients who underwent trans-sternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis in our unit from 1980-85. The clinical status of these patients is contrasted to that of more severely debilitated patients described by other authors. The problems encountered by the anaesthetist in the perioperative care of patients with mild myasthenia gravis are discussed. Management of the perioperative anticholinesterase regime is described and a case presented for the use of suxamethonium for intubation. A less invasive postoperative regime is advocated in which tracheostomy and nasotracheal intubation are avoided, and anticholinesterase therapy is re-introduced orally as soon as possible after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in the genetically hypertensive LH rat.

Genetically hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN), and low blood pressure (LL) rats of the Lyon strains have been simultaneously selected according to their systolic blood pressure (SBP). SBP and immunological parameters were investigated in 5 week-old rats. SBP reached 99 +/- 2 mmHg in LL, 108 +/- 2 mmHg in LN and 122 +/- 4 mmHg in LH. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts, thymus and spleen histology, percentages of T cells and subsets of T cells in these organs were not modified by genetic hypertension. The blastogenic responses to mitogens (Con A and PWM) of the LH rat thymocytes were similar to those observed in LN or LL rats. By contrast, the proliferative response of splenocytes to PWM was positively correlated (r = 0.93) with SBP level. In additional experiments we demonstrated that, besides the immune defect induced by neonatal thymectomy, the removal of the thymus at birth prevented the spontaneous increase of SBP in LH strains (102 +/- 2 mmHg instead of 122 +/- 4 mmHg), while only a slight decrease or no alteration was seen in LN and LL thymectomized rats. This antihypertensive effect tended to maintain SBP at a common level in the 3 strains. These results suggest that the thymus may be involved in the development of genetic hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Use of therapeutic plasmapheresis in patients with generalized myasthenia during exacerbations in the late period following thymectomy].

In ten patients with generalized myasthenia in whom disease exacerbation was noted long after thymectomy the authors employed a multiple modality treatment including therapeutic plasmapheresis (TP). The treatment was monitored by examining the status of neuromuscular transmission and parameters of external respiration, as well as the levels of immunoglobulins. It has been shown that the inclusion of TP into the complex of therapeutic measures in the given category of patients makes it possible to arrest quickly and to a considerable degree the clinical manifestations of an exacerbation, to increase the reliability of neuromuscular transmission and decrease doses of anticholinesterase drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Masugi nephritis in T cell-depleted state. Influence of adult thymectomy and anti-thymocyte serum.

The effects of surgical removal of the thymus or the administration of antiserum to thymus-derived lymphocytes on the development of Masugi nephritis were investigated in Wistar rats. While thymectomy at weaning (ATx) had no significant effect on the humoral antibody response to injected rabbit IgG, repeated injections of rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum (ATS) suppressed it remarkably. Both treatments did not show morphological evidences that glomerular inflammation and injury were suppressed in the autologous phase of Masugi nephritis. Glomerular lesions in rats receiving the nephrotoxic serum (NTS) one month after ATx (ATx-1+NTS) appeared to be severer in hypercellularity, mitotic counts, the amount of deposited fibrin-related substances and crescent formation than those in other nephritic groups. Morphological study of ATS+NTS rats revealed that the glomerular changes were nearly equal to those of NTS-injected control rats, in spite of markedly suppressed humoral response to injected rabbit IgG and the absence of host IgG along the glomerular capillary walls.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of thymectomy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat].

12 months after thymectomy (TE), the diminution of glucose concentration, glucose metabolic products in blood and decreased activity of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of rats were demonstrated. The disturbance of gluconeogenesis in TE rats, however, proceeded in a latent manner within 9 months. These data suggest that thymectomized animals, along with T-immunodeficiency, develop an inhibited gluconeogenesis. The thymus gland seems to influence the glucose homeostasis either directly or through some interactions with the neuroendocrine controlling system.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis after neonatal thymectomy in the mouse.

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) could be induced in (C3H/HeMs X 129/J)F1 mice by thymectomy (Tx) at 3 days (Tx-3) but not at 0 or 7 days after birth. Appearance of EAP was noticed in the three lobes of the prostate, most frequently and severely in the anterior lobe (coagulating gland). EAP thus induced was characterized by a loss of secretory products in the lumen, massive lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma, especially beneath the epithelial cells, and by the presence of circulating autoantibody(ies) against the epithelial cells of the prostate (APA). EAP started at puberty and its incidence was 68% in 50-150 day old mice. APA was completely absorbed with the homogenates of prostate but not of seminal vesicles, testes or livers of the mouse. High titres of APA, detectable in sera of more than 1,000-fold dilutions accompanized with the severe lesion, were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) technique. No sign of EAP was seen in the immature prostate of 90 day old mice which were orchidectomized at 0 day (Orx-0) followed by Tx-3. Exogenous androgen treatment at an adult age induced EAP in these Orx-0 plus Tx-3 mice. The findings indicate that mice which received Tx at a critical neonatal age develop EAP by autosensitization to the antigen(s) normally expressing in the differentiated prostate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Regulation of contact sensitivity to DNFB in the mouse: effects of adult thymectomy and thymic factor.

The contact sensitivity response to DNFB is decreased after adult thymectomy (ATX). This response decreases to 50% of the control response of normal age-matched mice as soon as 3 weeks after ATX and is not further depressed 9 to 16 weeks after ATX. These results suggest that two T cell subsets of different lifespan are involved in the anti-DNFB response. A circulating thymic factor (FTS) is able to restore the contact sensitivity response to DNFB when injected 3 to 9 weeks after ATX but not 16 weeks later. By contrast, FTS has a depressive effect on the contact sensitivity response to DNFB of normal mice through a cyclophosphamide-sensitive T cell subset. These results suggest that FTS regulates DNFB contact sensitivity by acting on a cyclophosphamide-sensitive T cell subset, still present 9 weeks after ATX but absent after 16 weeks. Thus although the T cell defect, causing a depression of the contact sensitivity reaction to DNFB is quantitatively similar 3 and 16 weeks after ATX, its nature is probably different.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical and biological evolution of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy in a 13-year-old girl].

A 13-year-old girl suffering from rhumatoid arthritis developed a myasthenia gravis. Her circulating anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies were observed before and after thymectomy. Surgical removal of the thymus was followed by complete clinical remission associated with a progressive decrease of the antibody level; these antibodies did not disappear completely even as late as 2 years after the operation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1980

[Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (author's transl)].

The indications for thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis have changed over the years. Now it is considered in all but the mildest forms and in the elderly that are kept under medical management; 129 patients were treated surgically, 57 males and 78 females; respectively 30 and 17 per cent had a tumour and the average age was 35 years. The operation was carried out through a median sternotomy with no operative deaths but 3 late deaths and 70 per cent were improved or in remission.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myasthenia gravis and thymectomy. Report of forty cases (author's transl)].

Forty operated cases of myasthenia gravis correspond to 14 thymomas, 18 hyperplasias and 8 vestigial thymus : 3 stages, I, 28 stages, II, 6 stages III, 3 stages IV. For vestigial thymus and moderate hyperplasias, cervicotomy was used in 11 cases. Surgery allowed 15 remissions, 12 ameliorations, 11 failures, aggravations and late deaths, and 2 post-operative deaths (one of them avoidable). Apart from its oncologic interest in thymomas (1/3 of the patients), thymectomy is beneficial in 2/3 of the cases of myasthenia gravis in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of thymectomy on development of Lucké renal adenocarcinomas in virus-infected leopard frog tadpoles.

Thymectomy of very young leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae dramatically reduced in vitro lymphocyte responses to the nitrogen phytohemagglutinin-P and prolonged survival of Lucké tumor alloimplants. However, tumor incidence in premetamorphic or metamorphosing frogs that had received injections as embryos of Lucké tumor herpesvirus (LTHV) was the same in thymectomized and normal immunocompetent animals. This result suggests that T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity does not prevent development of Lucké tumors in immunocompetent larvae and that if tumor-specific transplantation antigens appear, they may induce tolerance rather than destructive immunity in normal LTHV-injected larvae.

Adenocarcinoma↗