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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Prevention of nosocomial infection during nebulization and spirometry].

The nebulizer, designed for the delivery of important quantities of drugs to the bronchi and lungs can also deliver microbial deposits. The risk can be one of recontaminating a patient with his/her own bacteria, contaminating other individuals (other patients or staff during a nebulization session from a patient infected by an ordinary germ or tuberculosis), or transmission via unclean equipment, contaminated water or medicines. The use of single-dose drug preparations, single-patient devices, sterile water, and rigorous applications of the protocols can considerably reduce the risk. Although respiratory function tests are done with expensive equipment that has to be reused, sometimes by a large number of patients in the same day, cases of cross-contamination are exceptional. Closed spirometers are however a risk. The use of single-use filters can save money and time needed to clean all the device parts used in connection with the inspiratory circuit during respiratory tests. In intensive care units, the passage of spirometers from one patient to the next without a cleaning procedure is a situation of risk. In all these situations, implementation of cleaning protocols allows to reduce this risk, although zero risk cannot be achieved especially for recontamination of patients by their own bacteria during nebulization.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1975

[Indirect calorimetry by means of displacement spirometry of the respiratory minute volume (author's transl)].

One factor limiting the accuracy of indirect calorimetry is the measurement of the respiratory minute volume. The precision of available gasometers can scarcely ever be reduced beyond plus or minus 1% of the volume which is to be measured. A new method is presented which enables the metabolic rate to be determined with far greater accuracy by increasing the precision of respiratory volume measurements. Expired air is collected in a metal cylinder and its volume is determined by forcing it under water and measuring the weight necessary to accomplish this. This force is equivalent to the buoyancy force of the measured volume. The lower limit of accuracy in measurement of compensatory weights is 1 g, which is equivalent to an accuracy of 1 ml gas volume, independent of the size of the spirometer. Losses caused by mechanical friction reduce the factual accuracy to plus or minus 0.1%. After volume determination, the O2 and CO2 content of the collected air is determined in analysers connected to the displacement spirometer.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2001

[Exercise spirometry in medical practice].

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a unique tool to assess the limits and mechanisms of exercise tolerance. It is also useful for establishing the profiles and adequacy of the responses of the systems at submaximal and maximal exercises. The measure of VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) has become the "benchmark" to quantify cardiovascular functional capacity and aerobic fitness.

Cardiac Output↗