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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Severe anterior open-bite malocclusion.

This case report describes the treatment of a severe anterior open bite, Class II malocclusion with a history of dummy sucking. The 9-year-old girl presented with a significant anteroposterior and vertical discrepancy. Her face was convex with procumbent lips. She had an anterior open bite of 9 mm, an overjet of 8 mm, and a transverse maxillary deficiency. In consultation with the parents and patient, a nonsurgical therapy was elected, with the goals of reducing protrusion and closing the anterior open bite.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1997

Cephalometric evaluation of dento-skeletal changes during treatment with the Bionator type 1.

Treatment effects of the Bionator functional appliance were studied on the pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 49 Class II, Division 1 cases. After treatment, a significant more ventral localization of the anterior structures of the mandible was recorded in comparison with the pretreatment situation. The proclination of the maxillary incisors was reduced. No absolute inhibitory effect on maxillary growth was observed. In this study no significant differences in the measured treatment effects on cephalometric radiographs could be demonstrated in cases with a tendency to skeletal open bite from those with a tendency to skeletal deep bite according to the criteria used in this study.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1976

[Pseudo-success].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1984

Normal liver chromatin contains a firmly bound and larger protein related to the principal cytosolic target polypeptide of a hepatic carcinogen.

A 14,000-dalton polypeptide was previously reported to be the principal protein target of the carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-acetylaminofluorene) in liver cytosol at the start of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The 14,000-dalton polypeptide was purified to homogeneity according to gel electrophoreses in both NaDodSO4-containing medium and acetic acid/urea and also by immunogenicity. An immunologically related form of the cytosolic target polypeptide has now been found to be present in the nuclei of normal rat liver as a 17,500-dalton polypeptide that is firmly and ionically bound to chromatin. Serial salt extractions of isolated liver nuclei or chromatin at 0.15 and 0.35 ionic strengths fail to dissolve the bound polypeptide, according to electrophoretic transfer immunoblot analyses. Most of the 17,500-dalton polypeptide is extracted at 0.65 ionic strength, the remainder at 1.2, and none at 2.0, nor thereafter in 8 M urea. In addition, short-term digestion of purified liver nuclei with micrococcal nuclease solubilizes the 17,500-dalton polypeptide. All three protocols also solubilize low levels of intermediate 17,500- to 14,000-dalton species, the latter size being the same as that of the cytosolic protein target of the carcinogen. The presence of protease inhibitors during the isolations and extractions of the nuclei and chromatin reduces the amounts of these smaller polypeptides. In normal rat liver only nuclei and cytoplasm of hepatocytes contain reactive antigen according to peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry, staining most intensely perilobularly, less in the lobular midzone, and least centrilobularly. The nuclei of the perilobular hepatocytes constitute the strongest staining compartment within all of normal liver. Of 22 nonhepatic tissues of normal rats, 16 contain relatively few cells with immunoreactive cytoplasm. Nonhepatic nuclear antigen is present only in villar crest cells of duodenum (which are normally exposed to liver bile), also having cytoplasmic antigen as well. Five kinds of evidence appear to connect the chromatin-bound 17,500-dalton polypeptide of normal liver nuclei to the cytosolic 14,000-dalton polypeptide that is the principal target of the carcinogen early during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The present findings indicate a direct connection between a chromosomal protein and the immediate principal cytosolic protein target of a carcinogen.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1982

Immunolocalization of keratin polypeptides in human epidermis using monoclonal antibodies.

Three monoclonal antibodies (AE1, AE2, and AE3) were prepared against human epidermal keratins and used to study keratin expression during normal epidermal differentiation. Immunofluorescence staining data suggested that the antibodies were specific for keratin-type intermediate filaments. The reactivity of these antibodies to individual human epidermal keratin polypeptides (65-67, 58, 56, and 50 kdaltons) was determined by the immunoblot technique. AE1 reacted with 56 and 50 kdalton keratins, AE2 with 65-67 and 56-kdalton keratins, and AE3 with 65-67 and 58 kdalton keratins. Thus all major epidermal keratins were recognized by at least one of the monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, common antigenic determinants were present in subsets of epidermal keratins. To correlate the expression of specific keratins with different stages of in vivo epidermal differentiation, the antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining of frozen skin sections. AE1 reacted with epidermal basal cells, AE2 with cells above the basal layer, and AE3 with the entire epidermis. The observation that AE1 and AE2 antibodies (which recognized a common 56 kdalton keratin) stained mutually exclusive parts of the epidermis suggested that certain keratin antigens must be masked in situ. This was shown to be the case by direct analysis of keratins extracted from serial, horizontal skin sections using the immunoblot technique. The results from these immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches suggested that: (a) the 65- to 67-kdalton keratins were present only in cells above the basal layer, (b) the 58-kdalton keratin was detected throughout the entire epidermis including the basal layer, (c) the 56-kdalton keratin was absent in the basal layer and first appeared probably in the upper spinous layer, and (d) the 50-kdalton keratin was the only other major keratin detected in the basal layer and was normally eliminated during s. corneum formation. The 56 and 65-67-kdalton keratins, which are characteristic of epidermal cells undergoing terminal differentiation, may be regarded as molecular markers for keratinization.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Limiting factors of functional adaptation to orthodontic space closure.

The closure of spaces, especially in the incisor region, has been criticized as causing functional alterations in the masticatory system. The study comprised 80 patients, 30 with space closure and 50 as a control. The results showed that closure of incisor spaces caused marked occlusal alterations, but apparently no damage to the temporo-mandibular joint nor to muscle action, provided that treatment was completed before the age of 12 years.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1991

Vertical skeletal change associated with Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment.

A retrospective cephalometric study was carried out to compare the vertical skeletal changes between patients treated with an Andresen (30), Harvold (19), or Begg (30) appliance, and an untreated control group (24). It was found that angular changes between the anterior cranial base, the maxillary and mandibular planes, and the y axis of growth showed a transient increase during treatment with the exception of SN-MxP in the Harvold group which decreased. Long-term these tended to relapse and the changes were not significant. Lower anterior face height was increased by 0.4 mm/annum long-term (P less than 0.01) in the Andresen group and upper anterior face height was restrained by 0.5 mm/annum (P less than 0.01) with the Harvold appliance. No significant changes were found in posterior face heights.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1993

Anterior open bite malocclusion: a follow-up study of orthodontic treatment effects.

Treatment response and stability of the anterior open bite malocclusion were evaluated in 20 open bite patients (17 females, 3 males), who were treated with the Edgewise appliance. The overbite, the number of teeth in occlusion, the functional occlusal contacts of the incisors and the cephalometric characteristics were studied before treatment (T1), at the end of retention (T2), and at least 1 year out of retention (T3). The apical root resorption of the upper incisors was analysed before and after treatment. The mean age at the follow-up control was 17 years 10 months. In 15 patients at least two occlusal contacts of the incisors were possible at the end of the retention period as well as at the follow-up control. The number of teeth in occlusion mesial to the second molars, expressed in percentage of the maximum possible, increased from 40 to 70 per cent during treatment with a positive tendency from T2 to T3. Apical root resorption of the upper incisors exceeded 10 per cent of the original root length in 4 out of 19 measurable cases. One of these patients had a history of trauma and the three others displayed atypical root form. Cases with an increased facial convexity, in which the uprighting of the incisors was possible, seemed to have a favourable treatment prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of treatment and post-treatment changes by the PAR Index.

To assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment, 224 cases treated in a postgraduate clinic were evaluated. Pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and 5-year follow-up (T3) study casts were assessed by the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. The influence of various factors upon treatment and long-term outcome was analysed. According to the PAR Index, orthodontic treatment reduced the malocclusions on average by 76.7 per cent, and at follow-up the reduction was 63.8 per cent. Follow-up stability was good for 76.3 per cent of the cases. Some cases (4.0 per cent) even improved, while moderate to severe post-treatment relapse occurred in 19.7 per cent of the cases. Orthodontic treatment changed Angle Class I, II and III malocclusions to near ideal occlusion (PAR scores 4.4-6.8). No long-term interaction between the groups was discovered. Sex and extraction/non-extraction treatments did not significantly affect the results. The initial PAR score accounted for 77.8 per cent of the variation in treatment PAR score change (T1-T2), and for 61.8 per cent of the variation of long-term PAR score change (T1-T3). Age at treatment start accounted significantly for the variability of treatment changes (P < 0.001). The PAR score at the end of treatment had some explanatory importance (R2 = 0.099) for the long-term (T1-T3) result. However, PAR score changes in the follow-up period were difficult to predict.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The validation of an orthodontic expert system rule-base for fixed appliance treatment planning.

A peer review clinical trial was undertaken to assess the appropriateness of the advice produced by an expert system designed to plan orthodontic treatment in which the pre-adjusted bracket appliance was to be used. The results showed that the expert system's treatment plans were as reliable as those produced by a group of orthodontists. Two members of the panel actually ranked the expert system's plans more highly than their own.

Adolescent↗