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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Subclinical dopaminergic dysfunction in asymptomatic Parkinson's disease patients' relatives with a decreased sense of smell.

By the time a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is made, a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons has already occurred. Identifying patients in the period between the presumed onset of dopaminergic cell loss and the appearance of clinical parkinsonism may be of major importance in the development of effective neuroprotective treatment strategies. In an effort to develop a feasible strategy to detect preclinical PD, a combination of olfactory processing tasks, including odor detection, odor identification, and odor discrimination was used to select groups of hyposmic and normosmic individuals from a total of 250 relatives (parents, siblings, or children) of subjects with PD. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [123I]beta-CIT as a dopamine transporter ligand was used to assess nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in 25 hyposmic and 23 normosmic relatives of PD patients. An abnormal reduction in striatal dopamine transporter binding was found in 4 out of 25 hyposmic relatives of PD patients, two of whom subsequently developed clinical parkinsonism, and in none of the 23 normosmic relatives. These observations demonstrate that subclinical reductions in dopamine transporter binding can be detected in asymptomatic relatives of sporadic PD patients by means of [123I]beta-CIT and SPECT. The results further indicate that olfactory deficits may precede clinical motor signs in PD.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Detection of presymptomatic Parkinson's disease: combining smell tests, transcranial sonography, and SPECT.

Olfactory loss is among the early signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated whether "idiopathic" olfactory dysfunction might relate to signs of nigral degeneration. Olfactory tests were combined with transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Thirty patients diagnosed with idiopathic olfactory loss participated. Eleven of these patients exhibited an increased echogenicity of the SN in the transcranial sonography. In 10 of these 11 patients, SPECT scans with (123)I-FP-CIT were performed. Median uptake ratios in the basal ganglia were pathological in 5 patients, 2 patients exhibited borderline findings, and 3 patients had normal results. Considering patients with idiopathic olfactory dysfunction, noninvasive transcranial sonography seems to be helpful in identifying patients potentially at risk to develop PD. Longitudinal follow-up studies are necessary to estimate the ratio of patients with dopaminergic cell loss in the basal ganglia who will develop PD in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Sense of smell before and after functional esthetic rhinoplasty].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine possible changes in olfactory threshold after functional and esthetic nasal operations and to evaluate whether these changes were recognized by the patients. METHODS: The study included 41 patients before and after nasal surgery (septoplasty, septorhinoplasty). Nasal airway resistance, olfactory thresholds, and subjective symptom scores were evaluated and compared pre- and postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 5.4 months. Olfactory performance was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative values in the screening test for olfactory sensitivity were not significantly different from those before nasal surgery. Nasal ventilation was improved postoperatively in all patients, assessed by determination of nasal airway resistance and subjective symptom scores. Besides an increase in nasal ventilation, functional and esthetic nasal operations can lead to improvement of olfactory function. The rarely seen postoperative increase in olfactory threshold does not seem to be subjectively recognizable by the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Smelling renal dysfunction via electronic nose.

The human body odor plays an important role in social communication in various situations, like the olfactory identification of partners and relatives as well as in parents-child interactions. In patients with renal dysfunction the compound of sweat and volatile gases is changed because of the limited ability for removing metabolic products from the blood. The regulation of electrolyte composition and acid-base balance are also altered so that the body odor of these patients may be significantly influenced by these disorders. We show the ability of an electronic nose to detect changes in the human body odor in consequence of renal dysfunction by reducing multivariate sensor signals with principal component analysis to its first and second principal odor component (POC). All healthy subjects could clearly be distinguished from patients with renal failure using quadratic discriminant analysis, whereas a correct classification of 95.2% (98.4% using 1st-3rd POC) of patients between end stage renal failure and chronic renal failure was found. This methodology of analyzing human body odor may also provide new approaches for investigating symptoms of renal failure and for diagnosing other diseases of internal or cutaneous origin.

Biomarkers↗