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Results for “SCALP DERMATOSES”

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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Gonococcal scalp abscess in a newborn.

We have described a 6-day-old male infant who presented with Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis and a scalp abscess. Delivery was complicated by rupture of the membranes 24 hours before delivery and fetal monitoring for four hours. The rare scalp abscesses caused by gonococci cleared with penicillin therapy.

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

Basal cell carcinoma originating from a nevus sebaceus on the scalp of a 7-year-old boy.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) occurs rarely in children and is most often associated with an underlying condition that predisposes patients to the development of malignancy. There have been numerous reports of BCC developing after puberty in nevus sebaceus; however, such occurrences have rarely been described in children. We report a 7-year-old boy with BCC forming in a nevus sebaceus.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2006

Necrotizing fasciitis of the scalp in a newborn.

BACKGROUND: Fetal scalp electrode monitoring is usually without complications, but on rare occasions it can serve as a portal of entry for organisms colonizing the maternal genital tract. CASE: We present a case of neonatal necrotizing fasciitis of the scalp that was associated with intrapartum fetal scalp electrode monitoring. Skin cultures grew Group A Streptococcus M11 T nontypeable serotype, an unusual cause of neonatal necrotizing fasciitis. The neonate's mother had a concurrent perineal infection and the same Group A streptococcal serotype was cultured from maternal blood and vaginal swabs. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the emergence of life-threatening Group A Streptococcus causing invasive disease in both infants and mothers and the need for careful monitoring of neonates who have had intrapartum electrode monitoring.

Electrodes↗
PubMed2007

Tumoral calcinosis of the scalp: An unusual site for a rare tumor.

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare calcifying disorder that is associated with deposition of calcium crystals in the periarticular tissues. The mass is most often around the hips, elbows, shoulders, and feet but may be occasionally found elsewhere. We report a case of multiple sporadic tumoral calcinoses in an adult male over the scalp. The scalp as a site of tumoral calcinosis has not been previously reported in adults. Previous surgical excisions done on two occasions had resulted in recurrence of the tumors. This report highlights the need to include tumoral calcinosis in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the scalp.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Heterotopic neural nodules of the scalp.

Congenital lesions of the scalp must be approached with caution because of the possibility of intracranial extension. Heterotopic neural nodules, a type of neuroectodermal malformation, are particularly dangerous. They manifest in the newborn as a small lump, are often confused with dermoid cysts, and may have a rudimentary stalk that communicates intracranially. The authors retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and histopathologic records of 11 infants with 12 heterotopic neural nodules of the scalp seen over the previous two decades. All lesions were located in the parietal or occipital region. All but one patient had an overlying area of alopecia surrounded by a ring of long, coarse hair (the "hair collar sign"), and nine of 11 children had a capillary stain surrounding the lesion. Preoperative imaging correctly identified calvarial defects in five patients. Excision was performed at an average age of 8.6 months. Histopathologic examination showed that nine lesions (nine patients) were heterotopic leptomeningeal tissue and three lesions (two patients) contained glial tissue. Heterotopic neural nodules of the scalp are rare congenital lesions with recognizable clinical and histologic features. Preoperative imaging is essential to document possible intracranial involvement and thus minimize possible penetration of the dura during resection.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2006

Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn.

The nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn (SNJ) is a hamartomatous disorder of the skin and its adnexa pertaining to the group of "organoid nevi,'' most frequently involving the face and scalp. During adulthood, patients with SNJ have a 10% to 20% risk of the development of cutaneous or adnexal neoplasia, so that prophylactic excision before puberty is recommended by most authors, and tissue expansion is considered to be the best method of reconstruction. It has been largely demonstrated in literature that most of the lesions that have been interpreted as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are actually examples of primitive follicular induction or trichoblastomas, not authentic BCCs. A literature review on histopathologic findings associated with SNJ and a retrospective chart review of two cases occurring in young females are presented. In one case, the lesion was treated by intraoperative expander-assisted reduction and scalp graft (Case 1); in the other one, a primary closure with adjacent tissue was performed (Case 2). No signs of malignant degeneration or residual pathology have been found. For treatment of the biggest lesions, when preoperative tissue expansion cannot be performed, intraoperative one, transfer of a scalp graft has been shown to be a good reconstructive method. For the smallest lesions, a primary closure with adjacent tissue is sufficient.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenesis in trichorrhexis invaginata (bamboo hair).

The mechanism of formation of trichorrhexis invaginata, which is one of the characteristic hair anomalies seen in Netherton's syndrome, was studied using plucked hairs obtained from 3 patients with the typical clinical features. The biopsy specimens used to examine the hair root were obtained from the scalp of one of the patients and the eyebrow area of the other. The scanning electron microscopic observation of plucked hairs showed trichorrhexis invaginata, tortion nodule, pili torti, and trichorrhexis nodosa. The light microscopic sections of nodules of plucked hairs revealed invaginated hair cuticle into the cortex. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cleavages and electron-dense depositions in the cortex of plucked hair nodules; such changes were not seen in newly formed nodules in follicles in biopsy specimens. In the keratogenous zone, a zigzag pattern of cortical fibers and invaginations of hair cuticle cells into the cortex were observed. Histochemical staining for -SH groups and S-S linkages using N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide (DACM) was performed on frozen sections of plucked hairs from patients and normal controls. Keratinized cortical cells of patients possessed more -SH groups than the controls and a strong fluorescence for -SH was sometimes seen in the cortex of nodules. It is concluded that the invagination of affected hairs is caused by softness of the cortex in the keratogenous zone, which may result from an incomplete conversion from -SH to S-S in proteins in cortical fibers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative microbiology of the scalp in non-dandruff, dandruff, and seborrheic dermatitis.

The composition of the scalp microflora was assessed quantitatively in normal individuals and in patients with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, disorders characterized by increasing scaling. Three organisms were constantly found: (1) Pityrosporum, (2) aerobic cocci, and (3) Corynebacterium acnes. Pityrosporum (mainly Pityrosporum ovale) made up 46% of the total microflora in normals, 74% in dandruff, and 83% in seborvheic dermatitis. The geometric mean number of organisms per cm-2 in non-dandruff subjects was 5.04 times 10-5; 9.22 times 10-5 in dandruff subjects; and 6.45 times 10-5 in those with seborrheic dermatitis. The cocci were dominantly Baird-Parker type SII and no quantitative or qualitative change occurred in the scaling disorders. C. acnes comprised 26% of the flora on the normal scalp, 6% in dandruff, and only 1% in seborrheic dermatitis. These results differ significantly from previous reports which describe a much more complex microflora and suggest an etiologic role for microorganisms in dandruff.

Apicomplexa↗
PubMed2005

Genetics of psoriasis in Iceland: evidence for linkage of subphenotypes to distinct Loci.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with overlapping subphenotypes. It has a strong complex genetic component, but has been problematic to identifying significant loci. We evaluated 1000 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and documented several subphenotypes. Here we report results of genome-wide linkage scans for psoriasis genes in 238 Icelandic families with 874 patients. MHC linkage was confirmed with LOD score of 10.9. When the entire cohort was analyzed, two other loci with LOD scores of 2.5 and 1.5 were observed on 16q and 4q, respectively. Stratification into subphenotypes revealed additional loci with LOD scores exceeding or approaching significance. A LOD score of 5.7 appeared on 16q in PsA patients with analysis conditioned on parental inheritance. A LOD score of 3.6 on 4q was detected when disease occurred at or older than 17 y, our median cohort age. This locus was defined by a marker near one reportedly displaying significant linkage in a Chinese psoriasis population and near suggestive linkage in a Caucasian population. A LOD of 3.0 was observed on 10q when disease onset occurred in the scalp. Furthermore, clinical stratification either revealed or increased LOD scores when compared to unstratified analysis and some coincided with previous reports.

Age of Onset↗