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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Cell-mediated immune reactivity to sperm in disorders of human reproduction].

Besides the pathological anti-sperm humoral immunity, pathological anti-sperm cell-mediated immunity is considered as a crucial facet of the disturbances of human reproduction (male and female infertility, recurrent abortions, endometriosis, late EPH gestosis, fetal hypotrophy). A precise and objective method is designed, based on a one-step agarose Leukocyte Migration Inhibition Factor assay. The migration areas are evaluated by a computer-assisted image analysis system. Optimal concentrations of leukocytes and sperm, as well as technical conditions are described. The Radius Migration Indexes and Area Migration Indexes are computed and expressed as a Migration Index percentage for each patient or control. Preliminary clinical results indicate a highly significant association between leukocyte migration inhibition and cases of "immunopathological" infertility and repeated fetal loss.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed2004

The risk of adverse reproductive and developmental disorders due to occupational pesticide exposure: an overview of current epidemiological evidence.

The epidemiological studies presented in this paper refer to the association between agricultural occupation of parents and the incidence of infertility, congenital malformations, miscarriage, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, preterm delivery and stillbirth. The results of the analyses showed that employment in agriculture increases the risk of specific morphological abnormalities in sperm, including the decreased sperm count per ejaculate and declined percentage of viable sperm. In general, no effect of exposure to pesticides on sexual hormones was observed. The data on the effect of employment in agriculture on the time to pregnancy are unequivocal, but most of them suggest that there is a relationship between the decreased fecundability ratio and pesticide exposure. Nor does the research on the sex ratio of offspring provide explicit results. The analyses indicate that parental employment in agriculture could increase the risk of congenital malformations in the offsprings, particularly such as orofacial cleft, birthmarks in the form of hemangioma as well as musculoskeletal and nervous system defects. The data on the effect of occupational exposure to pesticides on birthweight are inconsistent. Although most of epidemiological studies do not reveal a significantly increased risk of SGA, a slower pace of fetal development corresponding to SGA in the population of women exposed to pyrethroids has been recently reported. There are also some indications that exposure to pesticides may contribute to stillbirth and female infertility. The literature review suggests a great need to increase awareness of workers who are occupationally exposed to pesticides about their potential negative influence on fertility and pregnancy outcome. In the light of existing although still limited evidence of adverse effects of pesticide exposure on fertility during the preconceptual period, it is necessary to reduce the exposure to pesticides.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Disorders of the reproductive function of female workers in resin-producing industry (review of the literature)].

The analysis of publications reveals that this professional risk-group of females is marked by an increase of obstetrical pathology, fetal death and inborn malformations. Animal experiments proved teratogenicity, embryotoxicity and mutagenicity of some compounds to which women are exhibited in resin and plastic producing industries. Increased chromosomal abbreviations have been revealed in somatic cells and embryonal tissue fibroblasts. Elaboration of further preventive measures is needed to lower the risk of health affects in female workers and their children.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Management practices and their association with reproductive health and performance in Colorado beef herds.

An observational study was conducted to quantify the effects of management practices on reproductive performance and disorders of beef cows. The study population consisted of 44 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf herds monitored for disease and reproductive events as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. The managers of the herds were surveyed with a standardized questionnaire to determine specific management characteristics of their operations. Data were analyzed using the random-effects multiple logistic regression model. Outcomes of interest were calving rate, herd incidence rates of dystocia and combined reproductive disorders, and calf mortality rate. A higher calving rate was associated (P less than .01) with a decreased percentage of replacement females in the herd, a shorter breeding season, a smaller herd size, and a lower percentage of bulls being used as yearlings. Incidence rates of both dystocia and combined reproductive disorders were found to be lower (P less than .01) in herds that were fed cottonseed cake as a winter supplement, but higher (P less than .01) in herds that were fed grass hay as a winter supplement. Herds located in the mountains of Colorado had lower (P less than .01) incidence rates of dystocia and reproductive disorders than herds located in the eastern plains. Calf mortality rate was found to be higher (P less than .05) with calving seasons that began earlier in the year. Higher calf mortality rates were associated (P less than .05) with an increased incidence of dystocia, the commingling of cattle on summer range, and smaller herd size.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

The Immune Status of Patients with Inflammatory Diseases of the Male Reproductive System.

Immune disorders are very important in pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis. They lead to more prolonged illness and decrease the effect of traditional therapy. 32 healthy men and 51 patients with chronic prostatitis were examined. Combined immunodeficiency was revealed in all patients. T-, B cells count in venous blood decreased, while 0-cells increased. We suggest it is connected to the disturbance of maturation and the differentiation of precursor cells. According to the results of functional tests the early E-rosette-forming cells, the subpopulations of theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant cells decreased. 50.98% of patients had theophylline test inversion. Serum IgG concentration was reduced, while IgA and IgM level were unchanged. It showed that this inflammatory process was not acute. The phagocyte disorders were not strongly marked, but oxygen-dependent destruction of antigen in phagocyte cells was depressed, according to the nitroblue tetrasolium reduction test. The value of the spontaneous nitroblue tetrasolium reduction test was higher compared with the value stimulated with zymosan in 61.54% of patients. In our opinion these alterations are not pathognomonic for disorders of the reproductive organs. They just reflect the immune response to a chronic local inflammatory process. The revealed dysfunctions of the immune system, together with the results of routine examination of the patients with chronic prostatitis, are found to be reasonable. Based on these figures immune system correction therapy should be included in complex treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the male reproductive tract.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Menstrual disorders in women with epilepsy.

Women with epilepsy are more likely to have menstrual disorders than women in the general population. Estimates vary because of different definitions of menstrual disorder. Our best estimate is that perhaps one of every three women with epilepsy may be affected compared with one of seven in the general population. Menstrual disorders are significant because they are associated with anovulatory cycles that may increase the risks for infertility, migraine, emotional disorders, and female cancers. They are neurologically important because they are associated with greater seizure frequency. Increasing evidence implicates both epilepsy itself and antiepileptic drug (AED) use as causal or contributory factors. These factors can alter reproductive hormone levels and promote the development of reproductive endocrine disorders, especially polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Among AEDs, valproate has been associated with the development of characteristic PCOS features. The risk appears to be particularly high when valproate use is started in childhood or adolescence. Menopause tends to occur earlier in women with epilepsy, especially in the setting of a high lifetime number of seizures and lifetime use of multiple enzyme-inducing AEDs. The intricate relationship between reproductive disorders and epilepsy suggests that reproductive function should be monitored closely as part of the comprehensive care of women with epilepsy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Production, reproductive, and metabolic factors associated with chlamydial seropositivity and reproductive tract antigens in dairy herds with fertility disorders.

While chlamydial infections cause abortions in cattle, its role in other reproductive disorders is uncertain. This study identified the risk factors for chlamydial infection in herds with history of subfertility. We investigated the possible effects of coinfections, different metabolic parameters, abortion, ovarian cysts, pathological vaginal discharge, length of the open period, milk yield, housing conditions and age. In cows from 34 farms with elevated reproductive disorders, 41.5% had antibodies against chlamydia, while chlamydia antigen was detected in the vagina and uterus of 46.7%. A statistical relationship between seropositivity and antigen positivity was not found. Abortion (OR = 6.6) and loose housing (OR = 2.3) were risk factors for the presence of chlamydia antibodies. Furthermore, there were significant relationships between metabolic disorders and chlamydial infections. Increased levels of beta-hydroxybutaric acid (OR = 6.8) and hypocalcaemia (OR = 6.0) often accompanied chlamydia antigen in the vagina. Increased age (OR = 1.2) and pathological vaginal discharge (OR = 2.4) were identified as risk factors for chlamydia antigen in the vagina. The largest risk factor was for the association of ovarian cysts (OR = 21.5) with uterine antigen. In conclusion, chlamydial infection in dairy herd cows is best understood as a multifactorial disease.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed2004

Temporomandibular disorders in relation to female reproductive hormones: a literature review.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common pain conditions that have the highest prevalence among women of reproductive age. The pattern of onset after puberty and lowered prevalence rates in the postmenopausal years suggest that female reproductive hormones may play an etiologic role in temporomandibular disorders. The purpose of this article is to review the role of female reproductive hormones in TMD. English-language peer-reviewed articles between 1975 and 2002 were identified using Medline as well as a hand search and were reviewed.

Estrogen Replacement Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in an assisted reproductive technique clinic.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of specific depressive and anxiety disorders in women before a new course of assisted reproductive technology treatment. Few studies have adopted the proper psychiatric diagnostic procedures. METHODS: All consecutive women visiting the assisted reproduction clinic of a university-affiliated medical centre, with the intention of starting a new assisted reproduction treatment course, were recruited. A psychiatrist made a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders using a structured interview, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: Of a total of 112 participants, 40.2% had a psychiatric disorder. The most common diagnosis was generalized anxiety disorder (23.2%), followed by major depressive disorder (17.0%), and dysthymic disorder (9.8%). Participants with a psychiatric morbidity did not differ from those without in terms of age, education, income, or years of infertility. Women with a history of previous assisted reproduction treatment did not differ from those without in depression or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive and anxiety disorders were highly prevalent among women who visited an assisted reproduction clinic for a new course of the treatment. Demographic features and a history of previous assisted reproduction treatment were not risk factors for these psychiatric morbidities in the assisted reproduction clinic.

Academic Medical Centers↗