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Kingfisher.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

A 13-year-old adolescent daughter of a missionary presented with fever and jaundice 1 week after returning from Africa. Examination of peripheral blood film revealed the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Therapy with oral quinine and doxycycline was curative. Diagnosis requires a travel history and a high index of suspicion. Because of the frequency of international travel, United States physicians need to be familiar with the presentation and management of imported P falciparum. Preparation for such travel must include careful counseling and optimal use of chemoprophylaxis.

Adolescent↗

[Early missionary medicine in Taiwan].

Taiwan, as mainland China, first received modern medicine from Christian missionaries. Although Western medicine was introduced by the Dutch in the 17th century, it disappeared after their expulsion by Zheng Chenggong. It was not until 1865 when the British Presbyterian Church sent Dr. James Laidlow Maxwell to Taiwan to engage in medical and missionary work that Western medicine was able to take root in Taiwan. The last three decades of the 19th century were a key period in the development of modern medicine in Taiwan. This paper discusses three major figures in early missionary medicine in Taiwan, Dr. James Laidlow Maxwell, Rev. George Leslie Mackay, and Dr. David Landsborough and their contributions to the development of modern medicine in Taiwan.

History, 19th Century↗

[Japanese medicines studied by Hepburn, an American missionary, in 1860s].

In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate when Japan was opened its door to trade, J.C. Hepburn came to Japan, and he contributed to the modernization of Japan as a missionary, a doctor and an instructor. His great academic achievement was publishing a Japanese-English and English-Japanese dictionary. The dictionary contained words which were generally used in those days. It is said that it was way of living and culture in Japan as seen by an American. Words about medicine show the conditions of the business of medicine in those days. Until 1889 a pharmacist was not professionalized yet, nor was the separation of dispensary from medical practice effective. As most of doctors were Chinese herb doctors, there was not the word "MD." As Chinese doctors were the leading ones, lots of words about herb were mentioned. We can find only a few words about chemicals. The common people used patent medicine such as Daranisuke, Mankintan. Less than 100 years, sorts of medicine in Japan have changed to those of medicine in Western countries.

Dictionaries as Topic↗

[Introduction of Indian medicine into China in the Wei-Jin-Southern-Northern dynasties as interpreted by beriberi].

Since the sea route between China and all countries in the Western Region was unimpeded, many Buddhist monks came to China. Some of them settled in Lingnan Region. With them, Indian medicine was imported which greatly expanded the coverage of TCM. Some of the Northerners moved southward into Lingnan Region and contracted beriberi which were cured by Indian monks. The author explores the importation of Indian medcine through analysis of beriberi as an example.

Beriberi↗

[Western medical books translated by J. Dudgeon].

John Dudgeon (1837-1901) was a famous medical missionary in Modern China. He not only translated traditional Chinese medicine, arts of Chinese healing and Chinese culture and introduced them to European, but also translated Western medicine, science and technique and introduced them to Chinese. Dudgeon had introduced Western anatomy, physiology and clinical experience. This author claimed that Dudgeon transfered a new kind of mankind concept and methodology during his translative career, and the later was even more important for Chinese scholars and Chinese academic circles.

China↗