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PubMed2005

[Hildegards von Bingen 'Liber simplicis medicinae' in the Mainz 'Garden of Health'].

The "Garden of Health" (Gart der Gesundheit) is the first illustrated book of herbs in German language. Its author, Johann Wonnecke from Kaub on the Rhine, was born in 1430 and worked as a city doctor in Frankfurt/Main until his death in 1503 or 1504. In his book, he refers to "proven Greek, Latin and Arabic masters of medicine" (bewerte meister in der artzeney), whose writings he was instructed to collect by Bernard von Breidenbach in 1480. Wonnecke carried out he task in a special way, deceiving five generations of historians of science, who proceeded from the false assumption, that the Gart der Gesundheit was compiled and translated from Latin sources. Wonnecke established the desired authors skilfully in his report, but under a more detailed investigation they reveal themselves as not taken from Latin sources but copied off from native language scriptures, e.g. Alterer deutscher Macer and Buch der Natur by Konrad von Megenberg. To these hitherto known sources used by him now the Speyrer Kräuterbuch is added, which supplied the medical knowledge of Hildegard von Bingen to the "Gart".

Germany↗
PubMed2005

[Selection from 20-th century Hungarian dental literature. Part II. 1901-1945].

In the first half of the 20th century Hungarian scientific literature accurately reflects the beginning of enormous developments in the field of contemporary stomatology. Members of the University Clinic, led by Professor Joseph Szabó, as well his former students, were the leading authors of scientific publications and textbooks. The specialization within the field of stomatology and its division into independent minor fields can be observed in the literature, too, mainly from the 1920-ies.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed2005

The challenge of ubiquitous computing in health care: technology, concepts and solutions. Findings from the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2005.

OBJECTIVES: To review recent research efforts in the field of ubiquitous computing in health care. To identify current research trends and further challenges for medical informatics. METHODS: Analysis of the contents of the Yearbook on Medical Informatics 2005 of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). RESULTS: The Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2005 includes 34 original papers selected from 22 peer-reviewed scientific journals related to several distinct research areas: health and clinical management, patient records, health information systems, medical signal processing and biomedical imaging, decision support, knowledge representation and management, education and consumer informatics as well as bioinformatics. A special section on ubiquitous health care systems is devoted to recent developments in the application of ubiquitous computing in health care. Besides additional synoptical reviews of each of the sections the Yearbook includes invited reviews concerning E-Health strategies, primary care informatics and wearable healthcare. CONCLUSIONS: Several publications demonstrate the potential of ubiquitous computing to enhance effectiveness of health services delivery and organization. But ubiquitous computing is also a societal challenge, caused by the surrounding but unobtrusive character of this technology. Contributions from nearly all of the established sub-disciplines of medical informatics are demanded to turn the visions of this promising new research field into reality.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2005

Textbook executive. The skills and knowledge that all healthcare execs need to master can now be found in one big directory.

What makes a good healthcare executive? According to the Health Leadership Alliance--a coalition of healthcare management, IT and nurse organizations--certain skills and knowledge are prerequisites for executive-wannabes. Pamela Thompson, left, CEO of the American Organization of Nurse Executives, says a full directory of those skills, recently compiled by the alliance, reflects the "current needs of healthcare.

Chief Executive Officers, Hospital↗
PubMed2006

How do primary care physicians seek answers to clinical questions? A literature review.

OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the extent to which changes occurred between 1992 and 2005 in the ways that primary care physicians seek answers to clinical problems. What search strategies are used? How much time is spent on them? How do primary care physicians evaluate various search activities and information sources? Can a clinical librarian be useful to a primary care physician? METHODS: Twenty-one original research papers and three literature reviews were examined. No systematic reviews were identified. RESULTS: Primary care physicians seek answers to only a limited number of questions about which they first consult colleagues and paper sources. This practice has basically not changed over the years despite the enormous increase in and better accessibility to electronic information sources. One of the major obstacles is the time it takes to search for information. Other difficulties primary care physicians experience are related to formulating an appropriate search question, finding an optimal search strategy, and interpreting the evidence found. Some studies have been done on the supporting role of a clinical librarian in general practice. However, the effects on professional behavior of the primary care physician and on patient outcome have not been studied. A small group of primary care physicians prefer this support to developing their own search skills. DISCUSSION: Primary care physicians have several options for finding quick answers: building a question-and-answer database, consulting filtered information sources, or using an intermediary such as a clinical librarian.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

The information seeking of on-duty critical care nurses: evidence from participant observation and in-context interviews.

OBJECTIVES: An observational study describes on-duty nurses' informative behaviors from the perspective of library and information science, rather than patient care,. It reveals their information sources, the kinds of information they seek, and their barriers to information acquisition. METHODS: Participant observation and in-context interviews were used to record in detail fifty hours of the information behavior of a purposive sample of on-duty critical care nurses on twenty-bed critical care unit in a community hospital. The investigator used rigorous ethnographic methods-including open, in vivo, and axial coding--to analyze the resulting rich textual data. RESULTS: The nurses' information behavior centered on the patient, seeking information from people, the patient record, and other systems. The nurses mostly used patient-specific information, but they also used some social and logistic information. They occasionally sought knowledge-based information. Barriers to information acquisition included illegible handwriting, difficult navigation of online systems, equipment failure, unavailable people, social protocols, and mistakes caused by people multitasking while working with multiple complex systems. Although the participating nurses understood and respected evidence-based practice, many believed that taking time to read published information on duty was not only difficult, but perhaps also ethically wrong. They said that a personal information service available to them at all hours of the day or night would be very useful. CONCLUSIONS: On-duty critical care nursing is a patient-centric information activity. A major implication of this study for librarians is that immediate professional reference service--including quality and quantity filtering-may be more useful to on-duty nurses than do-it-yourself searching and traditional document delivery are.

Communication↗