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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The reason analysis of the multilead-sleep monitor to fail].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reason of failure and error in sleeping monitoring. METHOD: In 221 sufferers, who were doubted about sleep apnea syndrome proceed multilead-sleep monitor. There are 31 cases failure. This article studys multilead-sleep monitoring subjective factors and objectivity factors, and its causing monitor with the reason of the error or failure, the sufferers obey to be checked agreeably about the element which proceed single factor regression analysis and partial to the correlation analysis. RESULT: The sleep monitors to fail which reason main 6 kinds of instance in list, the remedial measure is introduced about each instance. The sufferer obeys to be checked that concern: monthly pay, business, culture degree, SaO2 < or = 85% time share in sleep percentage, sex. The first 4 causes are linear with detection time. RESULT: For leads the detection to succeed once, should keep firmly in mind the familiar failure reason, distinguishes the point which is emphases, to the patient stronger leads complete conjunction, the other way round. Leads should reduce to 5 at lowest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Memory loss: a reason for consultation].

INTRODUCTION: Memory loss is an increasingly frequent reason for consultation in neurology. The aim of this work is to know the current frequency as well as the characteristics and disorders of the patients who come for this reason. METHODS: We studied 200 patients who came to general neurology consultation due to loss of memory. RESULTS: 18.47% of the patients who came for the first time to a general neurology consultation did so due to memory loss, this being subjective loss of memory (SLM) in 39% of the cases and referred loss of memory (RLM) in 61% of the cases. The diagnostic groups to which the patients belonged are, in diminishing order, the following: degenerative primary dementia type Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, mixed dementia, pure vascular dementia, depressive pseudodementia, attributable to drugs, secondary to systemic disease, non-Alzheimer's type disease primary degenerative dementia, structural reasons, transitory global amnesia and epilepsy. No disease was found in 13% of them, and the generally came due to SLM. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of memory loss as a reason for consultation continues to growing. Patients studied due to memory loss, in whom no disease is found, are generally those having SLM. In spite of this, SLM is a good predictor of cognitive deterioration. It is important to systematically study of every patient and consults for loss of memory and to investigate the possible use of drugs or toxics that could alter the memory.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Reasons for non-response of elderly Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch general practice patients on a postal depression screening].

BACKGROUND: Depression screening can improve identification and subsequent treatment of depression in general practice. Response of Turkish and Moroccan elderly is unknown. OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the response of elderly Turkish and Moroccan general practice patients on a postal depression screening. (2) To trace reasons for non-response. METHOD: At 14 different primary care centres, elderly (55+) were screened with GDS-15. Turkish and Moroccan elderly were telephonically and house-to-house approached for tracing the reasons for non-response. RESULTS: Response rate Dutch elderly (n=6060; 62%), Turks (n= 39; 31%) and Moroccans (n=117; 34%). Most important reason for non-response among Turkish elderly was "temporary other place of staying" (Turkey). Among Moroccans it was "illiteracy". CONCLUSION: Response is very low by elderly migrants compared to Dutch elderly. The reasons for non-response implicate that other means to approach migrants' sub-populations should be sought.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Reasons for the under-use of secondary prevention therapies in coronary patients over the age of 70 years].

INTRODUCTION: Although platelet antiaggregants, beta-blockers and statins have proved their efficacy as secondary prevention in all types of patients with arterial and thrombotic disease, these therapeutic categories remain under-used in the elderly. The reasons for this under-prescription are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for not prescribing the principal secondary prevention therapies in elderly coronary patients. METHODS: Two transversal pharmaco-epidemiological surveys were carried out in a representative sample of French cardiologists. They included 1489 coronary patients aged 35 to 69 years and 1148 patients aged over 70 years, respectively. Risk factors, medical history, current treatments and reasons for non-prescription of the principal therapies were collected. RESULTS: In subjects aged 70 years or over, antiaggregants were not prescribed in 24% of patients, versus 7.5% of younger patients. Statins were not prescribed in 37% of those over 70 years, versus 14% of younger patients. Beta-blockers were not prescribed in 42% of elderly patients versus 23% of younger patients. ACE inhibitors were not prescribed in 57.6% of elderly subjects and 48.2% of younger subjects. Combinations of three or four secondary prevention treatments were half as frequently prescribed in patients over the age of 70. According to the physicians, the main reason for non-prescription in elderly patients was a lack of indication, which concerned 8% of the entire sample with respect to antiaggregants, 9% for beta-blockers and 14% for statins. These very high percentages were not found in younger subjects (1%, 3% and 2.5%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm under-use of the principal secondary prevention therapies in elderly subjects, mainly because of a lack of indication, according to the physicians. In these patients, indications for secondary prevention appear to be tributary to numerous factors, such as age, the type of medical history, the availability of lipid parameters or compliance. In response to questions by practitioners, specific recommendations would be useful concerning secondary prevention in elderly coronary patients.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of reasons of the MDR M. tuberculosis strains dissemination by analysis of the rifampicin and/or isoniazid resistant isolates].

During the last years in Novosibirsk region of Russia the rate of TB patients infected by MDR strains of M. tuberculosis has been constantly increasing. This increase may occur as a result of the spontaneously mutated mycobacterium selection during treatment of patients or as a result of primary infection by the resistant M. tuberculosis, or also, as a result of both reasons in combination. If the main reason of MDR strain dissemination is selection of resistant bacterium during patient treatment, the equal apportionment of the dominated mutation into the mycobacterium genotypes would be observed. If the main reason is the primary infection by resistant M. tuberculosis, the unequal apportionment would be revealed. For deeper understanding of the main reasons of the fast MDR strains spreading in the region, the distribution of the main mutations over genotypes of strains in Novosibirsk (170 isolates) and Tomsk prison (51 isolates) was investigated. Mutations in rpoB gene associated with the rifampicin resistance and in katG (isoniazid resistance) were detected by biochips. M. tuberculosis genotypings were carried out by IS6110 PCR typing or MIRU typing, in the last method the twelve loci (MIRU 2, 4, 10, 16, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 39, 40) have been used. The most frequent mutation in the rpoB gene was Ser531-->Leu (60-70% of the rifampicin resistant strains) and Ser315-->Thr in gene katG (80% of the isoniazid resistant M. tuberculosis). Both in Novosibirsk and in Tomsk prison the rates of clustered cases transmissions were high (69 and 63% respectively). Analysis of the distribution of the dominated mutations Ser531-->Leu (rpoB) and Ser315-->Thr (katG) revealed that all of them were detected in each clusters, but in Novosibirsk there were only two clusters, in which the percentage of strains, containing mutation Ser531-->Leu (rpoB) were higher (85.7% and 77.7% respectively, P < 0.05), then in others. Among the Tomsk prison's clusters it was revealed one in which the proportion of the Ser3 15-->Thr mutation in katGwas higher (96.4%, P < 0.05). The nonuniform distribution of the dominated mutations highlighted that the epidemic spread of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in region resulted from the selection of them during patient treatment and the subsequent transmission by TB patients.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1991

Sticks and stones may break my bones ... reasoning about illness causality and body functioning in children who have a chronic illness.

Children's concepts about illness causality and bodily functioning change in a predictable way with advancing age. Differences in the understanding of these concepts in healthy children vs children with a chronic illness have not been clearly delineated. This study included 49 children with a seizure disorder, 47 children with an orthopaedic condition, and 96 healthy children, all with normal intelligence and ranging in age from 5 to 16 years. It demonstrates systematic differences in children's general reasoning skills and in their understanding of concepts about illness causality and bodily functioning, as a function of their age and experience of illness. At all ages, children who had a condition with orthopaedic involvement reported less sophisticated general reasoning and concepts about illness than did healthy children; children with a seizure disorder reported similar general reasoning skills to those of healthy children, but considerably less sophisticated concepts about illness. Children's concepts about body functioning did not differ as a function of the presence of a chronic illness. When their different levels of general cognitive reasoning were statistically controlled, children with a chronic illness had somewhat more sophisticated concepts about bodily functioning than did healthy children. Differences in conceptual development among children with different types of illnesses lead to interesting speculations with regard to the effects of particular illness characteristics on children's cognitive development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The adolescent personality, formal reasoning, and values.

This study examined the relationship between levels of Piagetian formal reasoning ability and values preferences derived from the Rokeach Value Survey. The subjects were 448 secondary school students (mean age = 16.25 years). The results of the study were consistent with predictions about the likely changes in value rankings as formal reasoning ability develops. Subjects with high scores on formal reasoning ranked terminal values representing abstract notions with long-term implications higher than those focusing on immediate gratification. They also favored the instrumental values of self-reliance, competence, and independence. Low scorers on formal reasoning showed a preference for value groupings which were personal, hedonistic, and involved immediate gratification and social approval.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Reasons for choosing legal abortion].

During a period of one year (1988-1989), a questionnaire was distributed to women applying for legal abortion at Frederikssund Hospital in Denmark. Two hundred and ninety-one answered the questions on the reasons for their wanting an abortion (91%). 75% were younger than 20 years old, older than 34 years old, had already two children or did not cohabit with a man. Among the reasons given by the women, consideration for their employment or education was the most frequent. Housing conditions and financial circumstances were given as the second most frequent reason. There was some variation in the answers the women gave. The older women did not want more children, and the younger women did not feel that they were mature enough for motherhood. Women with children stated frequently that they wanted an abortion for the sake of the family. Only 19% stated lack of or unstable cohabitation with a man as the reason. In comparison with the findings of previous studies, more women stated that they could not afford a child at present.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reasons nurses participate in continuing education.

The study was undertaken to identify dimensions, or motivational orientations that underlie reasons nurses participate in continuing education programs and to determine relationships between these orientations and the legal status of CE and selected demographic characteristics of participants. The sample included 843 nurses who participated in CE programs sponsored by colleges and universities with accredited baccalaureate schools of nursing. Two instruments were used for data collection: a 56-item checklist consisting of reasons for participation (Education Participation Scale) and a personal data sheet. Factor analysis of responses to the EPS indicated that seven motivational orientations underlay the nurses' reasons for participation: compliance with authority, improvement in social relations, improvement in social welfare skills, professional advancement, professional knowledge, relief from routine, and acquisition of credentials. Mean scores on each orientation for the entire sample ranged from 6.55 (professional knowledge) to 1.57 (improvement in social relations) on a 10-point scale. Analysis of variance to determine the relationship between motivational orientation scores and legal status of continuing nursing education revealed no differences among the three legal conditions studied---mandatory, proposed, and voluntary CE---except on the acquisition of credentials orientation. Scores on this orientation varied significantly (p less than .001), but only for respondents employed part-time; for these nurses mean scores were ranked mandatory, proposed, then voluntary. Study findings suggest that, for these nurses, the presence or threat of a mandatory CE law had little influence in motivating participation. Rather, these nurses participated in continuing nursing education programs for reasons related to maintaining professional currency and improving their ability to serve the public.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family practice resident attrition: reasons and rates by sex.

A survey of all family practice residency programs in the country was done to determine resident attrition reasons and rate by sex. Of 383 programs mailed surveys, four returns were from programs too new to have data, and 238 returns were usable, for an effective response rate of 62.7%. The overall attrition rate was 12.4% (699/5,656), and varied by the type of residency program. The most frequent reason for attrition as identified by the survey respondent was switching specialties (41.0%), followed by private practice 16.4% and involuntarily released 11.9%. The remainder left for a variety of other reasons. There was a slightly higher attrition rate for women (14.2%) than men (11.9%). The odds ratio for this was 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.41). Women were more likely to leave for childbearing or rearing, or spouse relocation, although overall these numbers were small, and men also left for these same reasons.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical and contraceptive reasons for sterilization in the United States.

Over the past two decades, the proportion of sterilizations--for both contraceptive and noncontraceptive reasons--among women of reproductive age (WRA) has risen in the United States. In 1982, more than one in ten WRA were sterilized for noncontraceptive, or medical, reasons. However, the rationales these women had for undergoing sterilization were not always clear-cut; often a mixture of medical and contraceptive reasons were given. In this study, Cycle III data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 1982, were used to investigate the determinants of different types of sterilization decisions--sterilizing for contraceptive, medical, or "mixed" reasons. It is important to recognize this "mixed" component of sterilization motivation. Parity and, to a lesser degree, education have consistent effects on differentiating these types of rationales, which appeared to have somewhat different patterns among black and white women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reasoning about illness in ill and healthy children and adolescents: cognitive and emotional developmental aspects.

Anxiety level, perception of control over illness, stage of cognitive development, and stage of reasoning about illness were examined in pediatric oncology, obese, and healthy children and adolescents. Among the groups, there were no mean differences with regard to any of these measures. Older participants in the higher stages of cognitive development were higher on stage of reasoning about illness in general and their own illness than were younger and less cognitively mature participants. In the pediatric oncology and obese groups, participants higher on perception of control over illness were higher on stage of reasoning about illness in general and their own illness, in particular, than those lower on perception of control. Anxiety level was not related to stage of reasoning about illness, but participants higher on anxiety were lower on perception of control over illness. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Moral reasoning in dental hygiene students.

Sixty-five students participated in a study designed to identify the level of moral reasoning of dental hygiene students. Comparisons were made with typical college students and a normative group composed of individuals representing a cross-section of ages and educational levels. The relationships among level of moral reasoning and clinical performance, other selected academic measures, and cognitive style were also assessed. The results indicated that post-certificate dental hygiene students reasoned about moral dilemmas at a higher level than the normative group and at the same level as the college student group. In addition, clinical performance, National Board Dental Hygiene Examination scores, Dental Hygiene Aptitude Test (reading scores), high school rank, and cognitive style correlated positively with level of moral reasoning and specific stages of moral development for postcertificate students.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lying and killing: language and the moral reasoning of twelve- and fifteen-year-olds by social group.

Twenty groups of children of different social class, ethnic, national and regional backgrounds were matched by non-verbal reasoning ability and school experience. Their moral stances on "lying" and "killing" and their reasons for those stances were recorded orally on a one-to-one basis, using a school setting conducive to concentration and uninhibited communication. Individual literacy levels had no influence on results. There was an impressive consistency in moral attitudes and in reasons offered for those attitudes across children of quite different social backgrounds. There was also a very common access to higher level, autonomous reasoning among the adolescents surveyed. A strong link between moral development and language development can be inferred from the findings, but the parallel is not clear cut.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moral reasoning and moral behavior among selected groups of practicing nurses.

This study examined the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior in 79 practicing nurses. Moral reasoning was measured by Rest's Defining Issues Test. Judgments about Nursing Decisions (JAND), developed by the investigator, was used to measure moral behavior. JAND is compromised of seven stories, each depicting a nurse in an ethical dilemma, with a total of 48 items. It measures two components of moral behavior: knowledge and valuation of ideal moral behavior and perception of realistic moral behavior. The hypothesis that moral reasoning would be positively related to knowledge and valuation of ideal moral behavior was tested by Pearson product moment correlation; the obtained coefficient of .28 was significant at the .01 level. The hypothesis that moral reasoning would be positively related to nurses' perception of realistic moral behavior was also tested by Pearson product moment correlation; the obtained coefficient of .19 was significant at the .05 level. Additional analyses showed significant differences in the knowledge and valuation component of JAND between educational groups, ethnic groups, age groups, and years of practice in nursing; but, there were no differences between these groups with respect to the perception of realist moral behavior component of JAND. Implications of the findings for nursing practice, education, and research are discussed.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1980

The relationships of spatial ability and sex to formal reasoning capabilities.

The relationships of spatial ability and sex to performance on formal reasoning tasks were examined for a group of 34 male and female college students. It was hypothesized that spatial ability is positively related to formal reasoning task performance which is also related to male superiority on formal reasoning task performance. Results indicated that spatial ability was unrelated to formal reasoning task performance and that sex differences occurred with the balance of task and the pendulum task which suggested that males were superior to females at manifesting the scheme of proportionality and at being able to isolate variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Breastfeeding rates in New Zealand in the first 6 months and the reasons for stopping.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of breastfeeding in the first 6 months post partum, and to elicit the reasons for stopping breastfeeding. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study of 4286 New Zealand infants born between 2 July 1990 and 30 June 1991. Mothers were asked at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months whether they were breastfeeding or had ever breastfed their babies. If they had breastfed their babies but had now stopped breastfeeding, they were asked how old the baby was when they stopped and the reasons for stopping. RESULTS: Feeding data was available on 3929 of the 4286 infants enrolled in the study. At birth 93.8% (n = 3685) infants were exclusively breastfed. No infants were partially breastfed. At 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post partum, the breastfeeding rates were 79.5% (68.4% exclusive), 71.3% (47.6% exclusive), and 56% (2.5% exclusive), respectively. The most common reason for stopping breastfeeding was perceived inadequate supply of breast milk (29%, 29% and 33% of mothers who stopped between birth to 6 weeks, 6 weeks to 3 months and 3 months to 6 months, respectively), apart from Pacific Island mothers, whose main reason for stopping breastfeeding between six weeks and three months post partum was returning to work or study (38% of mothers who stopped). CONCLUSIONS: The decline in breastfeeding rates with length of time post partum could be reduced with education of breastfeeding mothers and health professionals about the management of breastfeeding problems and early infant behaviour and growth. Support by employers or education facilities for breastfeeding mothers who are working or studying may help to maintain breastfeeding rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Using temporal reasoning for genome map assembly.

Genomic maps are an indispensable tool for molecular biologists; their modelling has to take into account representation as well as computational issues. The algorithmic complexity of the assembly task is already huge and is even made worse when one wishes to deal with inconsistencies and provide generic tools. This work presents an algorithm tackling the assembly problem by using temporal reasoning techniques. The algorithm has to transform the initial input data, i.e. qualitative and quantitative relations between entities that appear on the maps, so that temporal reasoning algorithms can be applied successfully; this is achieved by performing a partition of these relations upon their relative orientation, creating islets of relations in which reasoning mechanisms are applied. The implementation of the algorithm is based on a temporal reasoning software, taken as is, which gives a high genericity since any improvement in this software (such as efficiency or the management of flexible constraints) can be immediately used by the algorithm.

Algorithms↗