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PubMed1981

[Difficulties of early diagnosis of liver damage in persons exposed to vinyl chloride].

The authoress presents results of examinations of 228 vinyl chloride exposed workers. Considerable exposure is revealed by 5 cases of acroosteolysis and 45 cases of vascular disturbances in peripheral segments of extremities. The statistical analysis of numerical values of GPT, GOT, GGTP, AP, serum Che, bilirubin, prothrombin and proteinogram did not show any significant differences between the vinyl chloride exposed group and 70 controls. Of 50 persons in whom additionally BSP test and liver scintigram were performed and half-life of activity decrease was determined after intravenous administration of Bengal rose 131-J, 26 cases of moderate megalohepatia (scintigram) and 9 cases with positive BSP test were found. The half-life of 131-J elimination from blood lasted about 10-26 minutes and did not correlate with BSP test. The authoress draws attention to the lack of reliable and generally accessible methods of early diagnosis of hepatopathy in vinyl chloride exposed workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Study of hepatic function in patients with gastrointestinal anastomosis].

In 47 patients with gastric ulcer disease, the absorptive-excretive function of the liver after resection of the stomach was studied by means of bengal rosy radioactive (bengal-rose131I). All the patients examined demonstrated a decrease in the absorptive function of the liver, which was more pronounced in creation of Hofmeister-Finsterer anastomosis. In hepatography with the use of bengal-rose 131I, the insignificant disorders in the liver function were noted, which couldn't be detected by means of biochemical methods of investigation.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

[The evacuatory motor function of the gastric stump in patients with different gastroenteric anastomoses].

Motoric and evacuatory function of gastric stump were studied with bengal rose 131I in 47 patients who had undergone stomach resection for peptic ulcer in remote post-operative period with the view to study functional peculiarities of different gastroenteroanastomosis. The results evidenced in favour of Bilroth I stomach resection with retained passage of duodenal content. Bilroth II stomach resection followed by anastomosis put with cross dissection of intestinal wall was noted to preserve physiological evacuation of gastric content into intestine, which indicates its superiority to conventional Hofmeister-Finsterer's method.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

Effect of various organic anions on the plasma disappearance of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate.

The effects of various organic anions on the hepatic transport of an anionic fluorescent dye, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) were investigated by measuring the plasma disappearance-time profiles in rats. Ten min after the i.v. administration of ANS (3 mumol/kg), various organic anions (60 mumol/kg) were injected in a bolus. Sulfobromophthalein (BSP), bromophenol blue (BPB) and rose bengal (RB) induced a transient increase in the plasma concentration of ANS (the so-called 'counter-transport' phenomena). The effect of rose bengal was somewhat different. After the administration of rose bengal, the plasma concentration of ANS decreased rapidly followed by a gradual increase. On the other hand, after the administration of bilirubin and taurocholate, the transient increases in plasma ANS concentrations were minimal. No effect was observed after the administration of phenolsulfophthalein (PSP) or oleate. The effects of these organic anions on the binding of ANS to rat liver cytosols were examined by equilibrium dialysis. Sulfobromophthalein, bromophenol blue and rose bengal, which yielded an in vivo 'counter-transport' phenomena, markedly inhibited ANS binding to cytosolic proteins. On the other hand, the other organic anions examined had very small, if any, inhibitory effect. The ANS binders in the cytosol were then identified by gel filtration. ANS bound mainly to X and Y (ligandin) fractions in the cytosol. Sulfobromophthalein, which is one of the organic anions exhibiting the in vivo 'counter-transport' phenomenon, remarkably inhibited ANS binding to ligandin fraction. It was thus suggested that the in vivo 'counter-transport' phenomena may be also explained by the enhancement of back diffusion due to the displacement of intracellular binding. In conclusion, one should be more cautious in interpreting data obtained from so-called in vivo 'counter-transport' experiments.

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates↗
PubMed1987

A new method for vascular occlusion. Photochemical initiation of thrombosis.

A new photochemical method has been used to produce focal thrombosis and occlusion of the blood vessels on the surface of the myelin wings of rabbit retinas. Following intravenous injection of rose bengal, the vessels next to the disc on the nasal wing were exposed to filtered light (550 nm, the absorption maximum of rose bengal) for four minutes. As a control, the vessels on the temporal wing of each rabbit eye were exposed to filtered light for four minutes before the injection of rose bengal. Complete vascular occlusion was produced on the nasal wing in all eyes, with no visible alterations on the temporal wing. Progressive reopening of the arteries on the nasal wing was observed at three days, with reopening of the veins visible by seven days. Reperfusion of capillaries had occurred by 21 days. Light and electron microscopic examination of blood vessels on the nasal wing after light exposure with rose bengal showed disrupted endothelial cells in all exposed blood vessels and platelet aggregates in the arteries and arterioles. No morphologic abnormalities were observed in the temporal wings. This method should be useful in studying the effects of vascular occlusion in the retina and could lead to a new treatment modality for subretinal, iris, or corneal neovascularization.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Albumin microspheres for intra-articular drug delivery: investigation of their retention in normal and arthritic knee joints of rabbits.

The retention of 131I-labelled albumin microspheres and microsphere-entrapped [131I]rose bengal was investigated in normal and experimentally arthritic knee joints of rabbits. Albumin microspheres were cleared slowly from the joint cavity and no significant difference was observed between normal and inflamed joints. Entrapment of rose bengal within albumin microspheres was found to delay the clearance of the drug from the joint when compared with a solution of rose bengal. In addition, the retention time for entrapped rose bengal was dependent on the degree of inflammation present.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

Species differences in vulnerability to injury by oxidant stress: a possible link with calcium handling?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to exploit species- and age dependent differences in calcium handling to assess the role of calcium as a mediator of oxidant stress induced injury in the mammalian heart. DESIGN: Hearts from immature and mature rats and rabbits were perfused aerobically with buffer containing rose bengal which was photoactivated by illumination--a process that generates singlet oxygen and superoxide. This oxidant stress rapidly leads to electrocardiographic abnormalities, ultrastructural injury, and a redistribution of calcium. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL: Isolated perfused hearts from mature (60-90 d old) and immature (4-6 d old) rats, and mature (60-90 d old) and immature (7-10 d old) rabbits. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In hearts (n = 6 per group) from mature rats, aerobic perfusion and photoactivation for 5 min with buffer containing rose bengal (250 and 1000 nmol.litre-1) had no significant effect upon heart rate (until the onset of arrhythmias) but did result in a dose dependent transient increase in coronary flow. ECG abnormalities appeared within less than 30 s and these deteriorated to ventricular premature beats (VPB) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in most hearts. By contrast, in identical studies with comparable sized hearts from young rabbits, ECG changes and arrhythmias occurred later, and the incidence of VT and the mean number of VPB were lower. Although arrhythmias were less severe in rabbit hearts, photoactivation of rose bengal caused both coronary flow and heart rate to fall in a dose dependent manner. Increasing the concentration of rose bengal to a value (2500 nmol.litre-1), which would be highly toxic in the rat heart, increased the severity of injury in the rabbit heart, the nature of which differed from that in the rat heart. To assess whether developmental state, as opposed to species, was a factor determining the differences in vulnerability to injury, hearts from immature rats and adult rabbits were perfused with various concentrations of rose bengal (250-2500 nmol.litre-1) with the intensity of illumination (1400-6600 Lux) adjusted to account for the size of the heart. Under these conditions rabbit hearts were found to be less vulnerable to injury and arrhythmias than rat hearts, and hearts from immature rats were found to be less vulnerable than those from adult rats. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this and other studies suggest that species and developmental differences in calcium handling (sarcolemmal v sarcoplasmic reticulum control) might explain the differences in vulnerability to arrhythmias.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Serological investigation on cattle vaccinated with a killed Brucella abortus strain 45/20 adjuvant vaccine.

Serum antibody reactions were monitored for a period of 18 months in 18 heifers which had been vaccinated with Brucella abortus Killed 45/20 adjuvant vaccine, using four standard serological procedures: the Rose Bengal, Serum agglutination, Complement fixation and Coombs antibovine globulin tests. The Rose Bengal and Serum agglutination tests were persistently negative during the experiment. Titres to the complement fixation test rose sharply for only four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. Thereafter the titres fluctuated to positive levels at unpredictable intervals. One out of 14 heifers tested 12 months after vaccination was strongly positive to the complement fixation test but all the animals were absolutely negative at the end of the experiment. The Coombs test became strongly positive after the second dose of the vaccine for up to 34 weeks after primary vaccination. The animals were negative to the test at the end of the experimental period but some still retained suspicious titres. It was concluded that the Brucella abortus killed 45/20 adjuvant vaccine did not interfer stall with the Rose Bengal and Serum agglutination tests, that the fluctuations of the Complement fixation titres to positive levels at unpredictable intervals were undesirable and that the Coombs test showed little promise as an assay which would be used to differentiate antibody titres due to Brucella abortus Killed 45/20 adjuvant vaccine from those of natural infection. It would appear that the Complement fixation test and the Coombs antibovine globulin test could be safely used 12 and 18 months respectively, after immunization of cattle with the vaccine.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1992

Modification of pig liver dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenase with diethylpyrocarbonate and by rose bengal-sensitized photooxidation: evidence for an active-site histidine residue.

Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase from pig liver was inactivated by diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) and by rose bengal-sensitized photooxidation. The DEP inactivation was reversed by hydroxylamine and the absorption spectrum of the inactivated enzyme indicated that both histidine and tyrosine residues were carbethoxylated. The rates of inactivation by DEP and by photooxidation were dependent on pH, showing the involvement of a group with a pKa of 6.4. The kinetics of inactivation and spectrophotometric quantification of the modified residues suggested that complete inactivation was caused by modification of one histidine residue per active site. The inactivation by the two modifications was partially prevented by either NADP(H) or the combination of NADP+ and substrate, and completely prevented in the presence of both NADP+ and a competitive inhibitor which binds to the enzyme-NADP+ binary complex. The DEP-modified enzyme caused the same blue shift and enhancement of NADPH fluorescence as did the native enzyme, suggesting that the modified histidine is not in the coenzyme-binding site of the enzyme. The results suggest the presence of essential histidine residues in the catalytic region of the active site of pig liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2006

Metal-enhanced phosphorescence: interpretation in terms of triplet-coupled radiating plasmons.

We report our detailed metal-enhanced phosphorescence (MEP) findings using Rose Bengal at low temperature. Silver Island Films (SiFs) in close proximity to Rose Bengal significantly enhance the phosphorescence emission intensity. In this regard, a 5-fold brighter phosphorescence intensity of Rose Bengal was observed from SiFs as compared to a glass control sample at 77 K. In addition, several factors affecting MEP, such as distance dependence and silver film morphology, were also investigated. Our findings suggest that both singlet and triplet states can couple to surface plasmons and enhance both fluorescence and phosphorescence yields. This finding suggests that MEP can be used to promote triplet-based assays, such as those used in photodynamic therapy.

Fluorescent Dyes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye after LASIK.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous serum eye drops for dry eye after LASIK in a prospective, randomized study. METHODS: Fifty-four eyes of 27 male patients who underwent LASIK were divided into two groups; patients who used autologous serum eye drops and those who used artificial tears postoperatively. Schirmer test with anesthesia, tear break-up time (BUT), and rose bengal and fluorescein staining for the ocular surface were prospectively compared between the groups. All values were also compared before and after surgery (at 1 week [except for Schirmer test], 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) in each group. RESULTS: Tear BUT was greater in the autologous serum eye drops group than in the artificial tears group at 6 months postoperatively. Rose bengal score was lower in patients using autologous serum eye drops than in patients using artificial tears at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. No significant difference was noted between patients using autologous serum eye drops and patients using artificial tears in the value of Schirmer test with anesthesia and fluorescein scores. In the autologous serum eye drops group, tear BUT was increased at 3 months after LASIK, rose bengal score was lower at 1 month and 3 months, and fluorescein score was lower at 1 month after LASIK compared to preoperative values, respectively. In the artificial tears group, all values (Schirmer test, tear BUT, rose bengal score, and fluorescein score) showed no differences between before and after LASIK. No differences were noted in the subjective scores for dryness between the autologous serum eye drops and artificial tears groups. CONCLUSIONS: The autologous serum eye drops group showed prolongation of the tear BUT and a reduction in rose bengal staining score.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rose Bengal-sensitized photooxidation of the dipeptides L-tryptophyl-L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophyl-L-tyrosine and L-tryptophyl-L-tryptophan: kinetics, mechanism and photoproducts.

The Rose Bengal-sensitized photooxidations of the dipeptides l-tryptophyl-l-phenylalanine (Trp-Phe), l-tryptophyl-l-tyrosine (Trp-Tyr) and l-tryptophyl-l-tryptophan (Trp-Trp) have been studied in pH 7 water solution using static photolysis and time-resolved methods. Kinetic results indicate that the tryptophan (Trp) moiety interacts with singlet molecular oxygen (O(2)((1)Delta(g))) both through chemical reaction and through physical quenching, and that the photooxidations can be compared with those of equimolecular mixtures of the corresponding free amino acids, with minimum, if any, influence of the peptide bond on the chemical reaction. This is not a common behavior in other di- and polypeptides of photooxidizable amino acids. The ratio between chemical (k(r)) and overall (k(t)) rate constants for the interaction O(2)((1)Delta(g))-dipeptide indicates that Trp-Phe and Trp-Trp are good candidates to suffer photodynamic action, with k(r)/k(t) values of 0.72 and 0.60, respectively (0.65 for free Trp). In the case of Trp-Tyr, a lower k(r)/k(t) value (0.18) has been found, likely as a result of the high component of physical deactivation of O(2)((1)Delta(g)) by the tyrosine moiety. The analysis of the photooxidation products shows that the main target for O(2)((1)Delta(g)) attack is the Trp group and suggests a much lower accumulation of kynurenine-type products, as compared with free Trp. This is possibly because of the occurrence of another accepted alternative pathway of oxidation that gives rise to 3a-oxidized hydrogenated pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed2002

[Diagnosis of human brucellosis. Role of pH in the seroagglutination test and influence of pH on the agglutinating activity of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of pH in the seroagglutination test (SAT)and Rose Bengal (RB) test, and to determine the influence of pH on the agglutinating activity of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SAT was performed at pH 7.2 or pH 5.0 in standard microtiter-type polystyrene plates using Ring Test antigen or the Brucella suspension (BRUCAPT) provided in the Brucellacapt kits. Specific antibodies against native hapten were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Additionally, IgG, IgA and IgM fractions were separated from 8 sera by absorption chromatography and their agglutinating capacity was studied at pH 7.2 and 5.0. RESULTS: We studied 72 sera from patients with clinical brucellosis taken at the time of hospitalization, 16 from persons in contact with infected animals, and 16 from healthy donors. SAT results at pH 5.0 correlated with those obtained with the Rose Bengal test. Four Rose Bengal-positive sera were found to be SAT-negative at pH 7.2 and SAT-positive at pH 5.0. SAT performed at pH 5.0 with BRUCAPT antigen yielded higher titers than tests performed at pH 7.2 or 5.0 with Ring Test antigen (p < 0.001), with highest titers in IDR-positive sera. Among the 8 IgG fractions, all but one agglutinated at pH 7.2, and in 4, IgG titers showed significant increases at pH 5.0. Three IgA fractions were SAT-negative at pH 7.2 and SAT-positive at pH 5.0; the other 5 agglutinated at both pH conditions and were DTT-sensitive. All IgA fractions but one were positive by Rose Bengal. Agglutinating activity of the IgM fraction was not affected by pH. CONCLUSION: The SAT performed with the buffer and antigen suspension included in the Brucellacapt kit (pH 5.0) is highly useful for detecting agglutinating and non-agglutinating antibodies at pH 7.2.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of dry eye among the elderly.

PURPOSE: To study the demographics and estimate the prevalence of dry eye among elderly Americans. METHODS: A population-based prevalence study was performed in 2,520 residents of Salisbury, Maryland, aged 65 years and older as of September 1993. The population was derived from the Health Care Financing Administration Medicare database. After completing a standardized questionnaire pertaining to dry eye symptoms, 2,420 subjects underwent Schirmer and rose bengal tests and anatomic assessment of the meibomian glands. RESULTS: In this population, 14.6% (363/2,482) were symptomatic, defined as reporting one or more dry eye symptoms often or all the time; 2.2% (53/2,448) were symptomatic and had a low Schirmer test result (< or = 5 mm), and 2% (48/2,432) were symptomatic and had a high rose bengal test score (> or = 5). Furthermore, 3.5% (84/2,425) were symptomatic and had either a low Schirmer score or a high rose bengal score, and 0.7% (17/2,420) were symptomatic and had both a low Schirmer score and a high rose bengal score. No association of symptoms or signs was seen with age, sex, or race. Although anatomic features of meibomianitis were associated with the presence of symptoms (P = .01), 76% (67/88) of the individuals with these anatomic features were asymptomatic; 10.5% (260/2,480) reported that they currently use artificial tears or lubricants. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms and signs of dry eye are common among the elderly but were not associated with age, race, or sex in this population-based sample of elderly Americans. Extrapolating to the United States population aged 65 to 84 years, the study yields an estimate of 4.3 million who experience symptoms of ocular irritation often or all the time.

Aged↗
PubMed1970

Differentiation of the serologicl response to Yersinia enterocolitica and Brucella abortus in cattle.

The serological responses of cattle to inoculation with Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica type IX were compared. Complete cross-reactions were found in serum agglutination, antiglobulin, complement fixation and Rose Bengal plate tests. The cross-reaction between Br. abortus and Y. enterocolitica IX was confirmed by immunodiffusion tests. Although antibodies specific for each organism could also be detected by immunodiffusion tests with high titre rabbit or bovine sera, these tests were insufficiently sensitive for routine diagnostic use.A quantitative Rose Bengal plate test, using Rose Bengal stained Br. abortus and Y. enterocolitica IX, was developed which enabled the antibody responses to the two organisms to be differentiated. The specificity of this test was confirmed by cross-absorption experiments and its sensitivity was sufficient to permit evaluation of all bovine sera giving positive reactions to the serum agglutination test.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

The effect of a new tear substitute containing glycerol and hyaluronate on keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LO2A, a newly developed tear substitute containing glycerine and sodium hyaluronate, in the treatment of dry eyes. Twenty-five informed consent patients suffering from keratoconjunctivitis sicca were included. Patients were treated for one week with LO2A in one eye, and with their current tear substitute in the other eye. Rose bengal staining was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3. Patient satisfaction was graded on a scale of 1 to 5. The average satisfaction score for LO2A was significantly higher compared to the control preparations at 1 week (p=0.0003) and at 2 weeks (p=0.0232). A highly significant reduction in rose bengal staining was demonstrated following 1 week of treatment with LO2A (p<0.0001). The LO2A treated eyes had significantly less staining than control eyes at 1 week (p=0.021) and at 2 weeks (p=0.023). An inverse correlation was found between patient grading and the rose bengal scoring (spearman rank coefficient = -0.49, p<0.001). LO2A showed a beneficiary effect on dry eye patient satisfaction and on rose bengal test, as compared to other tear substitute preparations currently used by these patients.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed2003

Staining characteristics of preserved human amniotic membrane.

PURPOSE: Amniotic membrane is an ultra-thin cellophane-like membrane that is used in ocular surface reconstruction. We evaluated the staining characteristics of commonly available dyes on preserved human amniotic membrane to aid in handling of amniotic membrane during transplantation. METHODS: Five dyes, indocyanine green (2.5%, 1.0%, and 0.5%), fluorescein (0.25%), rose bengal (1%), lissamine green B (1%), and trypan blue (0.5%), were used to stain amniotic membrane. After staining, the specimens were observed under a dissecting microscope to evaluate for the uptake of the stains. Positively stained membranes were evaluated for the persistence of staining by placing them in 2 to 3 mL of balanced saline solution that was changed every 30 minutes over 6 hours. RESULTS: Preserved human amniotic membrane is stained by indocyanine green, rose bengal, lissamine green B, and trypan blue. Of these four dyes, only the membrane stained with 1% lissamine green B was free of stain after 120 minutes. Indocyanine green, rose bengal, and trypan blue continued to strongly stain the membrane after 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Indocyanine green, rose bengal, trypan blue, and lissamine green B all stain amniotic membrane. Lissamine green B appears to have advantages over the other dyes in that it will stain the membrane well, and in our model, dissipate in 120 minutes. Intraoperative staining with lissamine green B may be a simple and effective way to assist surgeons in the proper handling of amniotic membrane.

Amnion↗
PubMed1979

Tear osmolarity and ocular surface disease in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Tear osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining were studied in a group of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) before and after treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic saline to compare treatment with these two solutions and to ascertain whether tear film osmolarity could be correlated with ocular surface disease. When 20 KCS eyes were treated with isotonic saline drops every three hours for one week, the average (+/-SD) tear osmolarity decreased from 365 +/- 77 mOsm/L to 329 +/- 47 mOsm/L, and the average (+/-SD) Rose Bengal staining score decreased from 4.1 +/- 3.1 to 3.6 +/- 3.3. There was no objective difference between treatment with isotonic and one-half isotonic solutions, in a double-masked comparison, however, four of five patients with diagnostically significant Rose Bengal staining preferred the half isotonic solution. There was a significant positive correlation between tear film osmolarity and Rose Bengal staining.

Aged↗