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PubMedDate not supplied

[Still's disease in the adult (author's transl)].

Four new cases of adult Still's disease have been observed in the past three years. Clinical and biological features are high fever, polyarthralgia, macular rash on forearm, pericarditis, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, alopecia, anemia, hyper-leucocytosis, raised ESR. Transient neurological findings may also be observed with abnormal reflexes, cranial nerve paralysis. High dose steroids treatment can be used in case of systemic involvement. The long term prognosis is usually good with treatment. In conclusion, the diagnosis of Still's disease is essentially clinical and should not be mistaken for septicemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Determination of supraspinal modification of reflex excitation].

On the basis of some examples is demonstrated, that by the aid of a defined pain stimulus of the N. medianus a generalized shockreaction occurs, which is modified by supraspinal influences. Using segmental electroneurographic recording from the autochthonous dorsal musculature--in notice of sensitivation and habituation--could be found a measure for the supraspinal reflex excitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[H-reflex of the flexor carpi radialis in healthy subjects and in nervous system pathology].

More than half of a series of healthy adults subjected to electrical stimulation of the median nerve from the wrist radial flexor showed not only the direct M-response but also H-reflex. The ratio of the maximal amplitudes of the H-reflex and M-potential (H max/M max) averaged 11.5 +/- 2.2%. In patients presenting a clinical picture of the pyramidal syndrome, the H-reflex was induced in all observations while the H max/M max was on the average 34.3 +/- 9.7%. In patients with a combination of conduction and segmental disturbances at the cervical level, the central response was absent in some studies whereas in others it had antidromal or reflex nature. All cases with polyneuropathies and median nerve impairments exhibited the absence of the late potential of the wrist radial flexor. A conclusion is drawn about the diagnostic value of the central response of the studied muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnostic value of electromyography in revealing the laterality of the motor deficit in brain tumors].

Electromyographic studies of anterior tibial muscles supplemented by simultaneous induction of Babinski's reflex indicated the appearance of bioelectrical activity in the extremities contralateral to the tumour which suggested the generalization of tone alterations and helped determine the laterization of the pathological process even when there were no clinical manifestations of motor deficit. Having analyzed their own and literature data, the authors came to the conclusion that the contralateral response observed on the electromyogram in the form of prolonged bioelectrical activity with simultaneous appearance of tonic tension in the crus flexors in the absence of clinically evident motor deficit is explained by the presence of the crossover protective reflex on the spinal level.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The impact of temporally patterned stimulation on the development of preterm infants.

To test the efficacy of temporally patterned kinesthetic and auditory stimulation for promoting development of infants born prior to term, 88 preterm infants, below 35 weeks gestation, were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental or control groups. Control subjects received regular hospital care; fixed interval subjects received 15 min of rocking/heartbeat stimulation each hour; self-activating subjects received 15 min rocking/heartbeat when inactive for 90 sec, but only for 1 stimulation period per hour. Assessments included measures of neurological functioning, sleep-wake activity, mother-infant interaction, and mental and motor development at 8 and 24 months. All experimental infants, compared to controls, showed decreased rates of activity while in the hospital, fewer abnormal reflexes, and better orienting responses. At 24 months, experimental infants scored significantly higher on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales. Few differences were found in parent-infant interaction patterns. The results indicate that both temporal patterning and contingent responsiveness in the preterm infant's early environment contribute positively to some aspects of the development of such infants.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Predicting recovery after acute stroke.

Patients, relatives, and doctors need to know the prognosis after acute stroke. In recent years, more scientific methods of predicting the level of recovery have become available.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Neuro-ophthalmology according to Gordon Holmes.

Holmes' priority in establishing an extensive body of knowledge that defines much of neuro-ophthalmology is given. His original descriptions are reviewed and his findings reappraised in light of present-day knowledge.

England↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors in severe head injury.

Head injury is a significant economic, social and medical problem in the United States. For this reason, prognostic factors in head injury are of major importance to all surgeons who treat severely injured patients. Outcome of severe head injury is frequently determined at the time of impact, and surgical and medical treatment is often ineffective. Prediction of outcome of severe head injury should be based upon early neurologic signs, including degree of coma as measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale, brain stem reflexes, central nervous system lesion type, presence of increased intracranial pressure and multimodality evoked responses. The Glasgow Coma Scale is a standardized measurement of coma which numerically rates the response of eye opening, verbal response and motor response of the patient with head injury. The Glasgow coma score, the sum of the three response ratings, correlates with mortality of head injury, although the correlation between the coma score and morbidity has not been conclusively established. Because injury to the brain stem is generally irreversible, absence of oculocephalic reflexes, oculovestibular reflexes and pupillary response and the presence of decerebrate rigidity indicate an unfavorable outcome. Patients with focal brain injuries, especially subdural hematomas, generally have a higher mortality than patients who have diffuse brain injuries, regardless of the Glasgow coma score. Elevated intracranial pressure indicates an unfavorable outcome, especially if not reducible. Increased age and hypotension also subject patients with head injury to greater risk. Multiple injuries do not affect mortality of head injury. Multimodality evoked responses are a noninvasive prognostic technique which predicts outcome with a high degree of certainty. For optimal accuracy, prognosis should be based upon a combination of factors, including age, Glasgow coma score, pupillary response, eye movements, presence of surgical lesion, motor posturing and multimodality evoked responses. Decisions regarding surgical and medical treatment of patients with head injury should be based upon these prognostic factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reflex modification as an objective test for sensory processing following toxicant exposure.

Test batteries for assessing psychological function following toxic exposure should evaluate sensory processes. Sensory function has intrinsic importance as an endpoint measure, and because performance in other behavioral tests typically requires that the organism can detect significant environmental events, its evaluation is necessary to the proper interpretation of other tests. In addition, the psychological and physiological principles concerning sensory function are relatively well known, as is the comparative structure of the sensory systems across species. This knowledge provides the necessary empirical and theoretical base for extrapolating sensory effects of toxic exposure across species. An analysis of sensory function is described that uses the demonstration of reflex inhibition by irrelevant stimuli as an objective measure of stimulus detection. Two basic parameters of reflex inhibition in several species are detailed, its sensitivity to near threshold stimuli is discussed, and the effects of sensory dysfunction on reflex inhibition are demonstrated. This method has much to recommend it for toxicology, including its rapidity, its objectivity, its sensitivity, and its suitability for use in both humans and a variety of laboratory animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Function of the neuromotor apparatus in diabetes mellitus].

Peculiarities of the reflex and motor responses (H-and M-responses) of the soleus muscle in stimulation of the tibial nerve were studied in 69 patients with diabetes mellitus and in 44 healthy persons. The ratio of the maximal amplitudes of the H/M potentials studied usually decreased in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy in comparison with analogous indices in healthy persons. However, in the presence of labile or ketoacidotic forms of diabetes H/M increased considerably. Accelerated restoration of the H-reflex amplitude in coupled stimulations of the nerve in such patients indicated intensification of the facilitating cerebrospinal influences. A marked increase of the tendon and H-reflexes amplitude in patients with diabetes against the background of Jendrassik's method pointed to a possible deafferentation of the spinal centres. The results obtained indicated that, irrespective of the manifestations of the neuropathy symptoms, there were functional disturbances of both the segmental and suprasegmental formations controlling the motor function.

Achilles Tendon↗