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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Identification of a criminal by DNA typing in a rape case in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

CONTEXT: Human DNA identification is a powerful tool for paternity cases as well as for criminal investigation, in which biological evidence is typed after collection from crime scenes and for the identification of human remains. OBJECTIVE: Identification of a criminal in a rape case with 4 suspects using STR and VNTR DNA analysis. TYPE OF STUDY: Forensic DNA analysis. SETTING: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Blood from 4 suspects and the victim, and skin from the fetus. PROCEDURES: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: Three of the suspects were excluded and one of them was identified as the biological father of the fetus after typing with CTT and FFv Multiplexes. Complementary DNA typing at 3 VNTR loci was also carried out. CONCLUSIONS: After typing four suspects using 6 STR loci, one of them was identified as the biological father of the fetus. In order to significantly enhance the Combined Paternity Index (PI), complementary DNA typing in 3 VNTR loci was carried out. The included suspect was found to be the biological father with a PI of 412,860 (Probability of Paternity: 99.9997%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

College students say Mike Tyson innocent of rape.

110 students in a southern university were asked to write down whether they considered Mike Tyson guilty or innocent of rape of the beauty contestant for which he was convicted. Ten had no opinion, but of those who did, 80 thought him innocent and only 20 thought him guilty. Then, after seeing the film "Mike Tyson: The Movie" which showed his background as a juvenile delinquent and mentioned his problems with women, the only students who changed judgments from innocent to guilty were 25 white women. All male students and all 15 black students continued to consider him innocent.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Multiple personality: self-rape.

Multiple personality disorder is the classification given a person for whom two or more distinct personalities are diagnosed. The personalities can be different and vary in character from aggressive to submissive (victimized). The victim alters can be abused and abuse or mutilate self to relieve anxiety or guilt (deserving punishment) or to exert control. Alters may provide a means of expressing anger or other feelings. Aggression towards the body may be sexually oriented, so one may ask whether aggression could make self-rape possible. If so, such expression of self-injuries may be observed in a person with multiple personality as when one alter may injure another. Clinical case material is presented on this concept for a woman who had been formally diagnosed with multiple personality disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Urine benzodiazepines screening of involuntarily drugged and robbed or raped patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study involved 35 patients who claimed to have been drugged before being robbed or raped, despite urine negative toxicologic screening by immunoenzymatic methods. The urines were frozen for further investigations, including enzymatic hydrolysis of urinary conjugates, liquid-solid extraction and, finally, immunoenzymatic screening of concentrated urine extract. METHODS: Urine benzodiazepines were analyzed by immunoenzymatic assay before and after enzymatic hydrolysis combined with extraction. RESULTS: On direct immunoenzymatic screening, 17 of the 35 urine samples were benzodiazepine positive. Enrichment of preserved specimens improved the detection threshold from 200 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL and 10 of the 18 negative urines became positive. CONCLUSION: This method allowed us to demonstrate the benzodiazepines in half of previously negative urine samples. Benzodiazepine screening is particularly problematic because of low dosage, rapid elimination, failure to detect conjugated metabolites by immunoenzymatic reagents and high threshold of sensitivity for certain substances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Restraints: retraumatization for rape victims?

Clients who have experienced trauma through rape or sexual assault discuss the traumatic feelings associated with being placed in leather restraints during times of hospitalization for psychiatric/mental health problems. In the eyes of those who have openly discussed their private interpretations of their experiences, restraint becomes revictimization. The clients who came forward to tell their stories may be only a small percentage, or they may represent a much larger percentage of the inpatient psychiatric population than nurses and therapists have recognized. Developing a therapeutic rapport with clients is a critical element of psychiatric/mental health nursing that may be severely impaired if the client perceives nurses to be perpetrators of violence.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Centering: reducing rape trauma syndrome anxiety during a gynecologic examination.

1. Individuals often delay seeking routine gynecologic care or have difficulty completing gynecologic examinations due to the effects of trauma. 2. Advance practice nurses (APN) are challenged to participate with clients to reduce their anxiety, thereby decreasing the health risks associated with avoiding routine gynecologic care. 3. "Centering" is a holistic, noninvasive modality to reduce anxiety associated with rape trauma syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

After the violation. Treating rape victims.

Rape is a devastating, violent crime that can occur to women and men of all ages, races and socioeconomic classes. For the prehospital provider, managing a sexual-assault victim requires special skills and knowledge to sensitively handle the patient's physical, mental and emotional symptoms and preserve evidence for trial.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1988

Guide for treating rape victims emphasizes compassion, respect.

The boards of directors of St. Bernardine Medical Center, San Bernardino, CA, and St. Mary Desert Valley Hospital, Apple Valley, CA, established a series of guidelines to help hospital personnel treat victims of rape. Guidelines include consideration for the total well-being of the woman, morally acceptable medical treatment, requirements for the use of antiovulant drugs, and legal and confidentiality procedures.

California↗
PubMed1991

Confidentiality and the rape victim: ethical intent versus political reality.

... The clinician who works with the victim of rape, either in hospital emergency departments, community mental health settings, college environments, or private practice, should consider ways that would effect the many overdue reforms for which this specialty cries out. The need for sensitivity in the area of record keeping, particularly as to how such records might be used, can hardly be debated. Beyond this, there is the role of patient advocate, calling upon the clinician to serve an educative function with reference to the members of his profession and of the larger society. Confidentiality of patient records can be preserved only to the extent that the cultural context in which they exist values such privacy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

HIV infection and rape.

We report the case of a woman who was found to be HIV positive after a sexual assault, in the absence of other risk factors for HIV infection. This observation and the report of one similar case support the view that HIV may be transmitted to a victim of a single sexual assault. We believe that all victims of rape should be offered a test for HIV and offered counselling. In addition to the current recommendations, the semen obtained should be tested for HIV antibodies by Western blot analysis. In the absence of clear data on safety and efficacy, we should recommend neither routine application of virucidal agents nor systematic Zidovudine (AZT) prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Confronting America's most ignored crime problem: the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.

Prisoner sexual assault has plagued American corrections since its infancy in the 19th century. Although the incidence of prisoner sexual assault is unknown, recent studies reliably suggest the problem is widespread, often affecting the most vulnerable prisoners. The mental health and public health consequences, both within institutions and the community, are complex and devastating, requiring comprehensive intervention and treatment. These crimes have been largely ignored by correctional managers, compromising the safety and security of correctional institutions. The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 could play a vital role in managing a national scandal.

Crime Victims↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rape drugs: pharmalogical and analytical aspects].

Rape drugs or compounds used for chemical submission are current hot topics of numerous media based on a few well-documented identified cases. In the aim of considering the compounds potentially involved and subsequently the samples to collect and the toxicological analyses to perform, and according to the aggressor's viewpoint (victim submission and impunity of himself or herself), the characteristics of such compounds were drawn following the drug pharmacological properties. The compounds or therapeutic classes potentially used are numerous and diverse because the expected effects can be obtained by many neuropharmacological mechanisms or combinations of mechanisms. However, a few drugs (i.e. several benzodiazepines, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate) seem to be the ideal candidates owing to advantageous pharmacological properties (low blood concentrations, short elimination half-life) and practical ones (availability, galenic forms). It appears that the quality and precocity of biological specimen collection, the use of specific and sensitive analytical techniques, and the collaboration between the clinician and the toxicologist, are the essential keys for successful toxicological investigations when a case of chemical submission is suspected.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Penetration and ejaculation; forensic aspects of rape.

A study was made of 104 alleged rape cases submitted to the DSIR in Auckland by the police over a period of approximately two years. Data were collected relating to the victims' perceptions of penetration and ejaculation, and the forensic evidence for these events. Seminal fluid was detected in 69 (66%) of the cases. In 81 (78%) of the cases penetration was reported; seminal fluid was detected in 58 of these. Of the five (5%) cases where it was reported that penetration did not occur, seminal fluid was detected in two. Forty (38%) of the victims reported ejaculation and seminal fluid was detected by 34 of these. Ejaculation was reported not to have occurred in 16 (15%) of the cases; seminal fluid was detected in seven of these. The victims of alleged sexual assault may not remember accurately if penetration or ejaculation took place.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed2005

The clinical outcome of 137 rape victims in Hong Kong.

From 1 August 2001 to 31 July 2004, 137 patients were referred from the Association Concerning Sexual Violence Against Women to the Accident and Emergency Department at the Kwong Wah Hospital for alleged rape. Approximately half of the patients presented within 3 days of the alleged assault. Fifty-one patients were prescribed emergency contraception: one patient remained pregnant despite treatment and was referred with a further six patients to the Gynaecology Department for termination of pregnancy. Thirty-two patients received hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection. One patient had a positive result for rapid plasma reagin 3 months following the assault and was referred to the Social Hygiene Clinic. All tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus were negative. Antimicrobial therapy was prescribed for women who had an endocervical and/or high vaginal swab positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (n=9), Trichomonas vaginalis (n=1), and gonococcus (n=1).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bite marks as evidence in violent incidents, rapes and murders. Report of 2 cases].

The main aim of this study is to emphasize the necessity of the bite marks used as evidence for violent incidents, rapes and murders. The first time that bite marks were used officially was in 1977. After a historical review has been made, the kinds of bite marks and the methods they were heated, are described. The authors also deal with two cases of violent incidents with bite marks found on the shoulder, blade and thigh, of one adult man. They also deal with a case of a violent incident with bite marks on the buttock, thigh, left arm and right elbow, of a 18-month old child. The bite marks were caused by the nurse-maid of the child who was trying to make it obedient, because the child disturbed her with its noisy behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The psychological effects of rape.

Most women recover from rape with social support and crisis intervention by helping agencies or their GPs. A minority develop severe and long-term effects which GPs should recognise because they require psychiatric referral.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Serving as an expert witness in rape cases.

This article describes the role of the nurse practitioner as an expert witness in rape cases. Specific components of preparation for testimony are discussed, including the collection of data and protection of evidence; protecting the chain of custody; and preparing for testimony before the trial. Testifying about physical findings is reviewed as well as the importance of communicating complex information in simple words. The nurse practitioner's role in offering expert opinion is discussed, and possible questions from the prosecutor and defense attorney are noted. Expectations of courtroom procedures as well as suggestions for behavior, manner and dress are addressed. Credibility and simplicity are stressed.

Expert Testimony↗