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PubMed1988

[Obstacles to university studies: the point of view of Quebec nurses].

This research project aimed at identifying obstacles that prevent nurses from taking university courses. Through a random stratified sampling method, we selected 2,063 persons among the 22,494 French speaking nurses of Quebec who worked as nurses and did not take any courses beyond their professional training at the CEGEP level or at the hospital. A 50 statement questionnaire was mailed out and 1,197 questionnaires were returned and reviewed. The ten most important statements were considered under three main themes: lack of time, lack of interest and strenuous working conditions. Statements relating to lack of time and working conditions were dependent upon (X2, p less than .05) the nurses' situation, i.e. employment status, marital status, number of children and age. Theoretical and practical advice are given to interested nurses.

Attitude↗
PubMed1988

[Variations in the incidence of fractures of the upper part of the femur in aged persons in the Quebec region].

To estimate the incidence of fracture of the proximal end of the femur in people aged 50 years or older living in the Quebec area in 1971, 1976 and 1981 we determined the number of admissions for such fractures to the 15 acute care hospitals in the region. From 1971 to 1981 the number of fractures increased by 71%; the increases for those aged 75 to 84 years and 85 years or over were 98% and 118% respectively. The variation is only partly explained by changes in sex and age distribution of the population; the incidence rates also increased. Among men aged 75 to 84 years the incidence rate per 1000 person-years rose from 2.63 in 1971 to 5.22 in 1981, an increase of 98%; the corresponding figures for men aged 85 years or more were 9.76 and 16.91, an increase of 73%. Among women aged 75 to 84 years the rate rose from 7.28 to 8.81, an increase of 21%; the corresponding figures for women aged 85 years or more were 20.40 and 24.27, an increase of 21% and 19% respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Methylmercury and the health of autochthons in northwest Quebec.

We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic and clinical study to evaluate the nature, magnitude, and frequency of unfavourable health states among residents of northwest Quebec. Of particular interest were the possible occurrence of Minamata disease and any other neurological abnormalities. We also sought to determine whether industrial or naturally-occurring mercury in the region's environment were causally associated with any disorders that might be detected. A total of 321 subjects were studied in four groups with contrasting exposure to point-source mercury from a chlor-alkali plant in the area. Methylmercury in hair served as the marker of subject's ingestion of any organic mercury (natural or industrial). Ten pre-chosen target variables, seven clinical and three neurophysiological, were assessed in all subjects. Relationships between mercury in hair and each target variable were calculated. We determined whether gradients in target variables corresponded to gradients in potential exposure of the subjects to the aquatic emissions of the chlor-alkali plant. Minamata disease was not found. Diabetes and alcohol-related health problems assessed as important clinically plausible confounders, were common. Differences in frequency or magnitude of clinical, toxicological, and physiological findings among the contrast groups were small and not of clinical or statistical significance. There were definite relationships between mercury in hair and four target variables despite the low values of mercury measured and the mild nature of the health problems observed. This would suggest that verifiable biological threshold levels for clinical effects, if such exist, may be substantially lower among Canadians than those currently adopted as policy for adults elsewhere. A gradient was found only for two of the ten target variables. Clinically meaningful alternate hypotheses for observed health effects emerge in the data and agree with observations in the field made by consulting clinical experts.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Absenteeism as a predictor of severe morbidity. A double case-control study (myocardial infarction and industrial accident) in a large company of the Quebec Province].

Are absenteeism indicators usefull as predictor of serious morbidity in a working population? To seek an answer was the objective of a double case-control study carried out in a large company (17000 workers) of Quebec Province. In the first study, 64 cases of myocardial infarction (incidence density = 1.66% +/- 0.35) were compared with 64 controls matched for sex, age and type of work. In the second one, 142 cases of labor accident were compared with 142 controls sampled in a similar way. Absenteeism frequency and length were analysed during the period of 6 to 12 years prior to the onset of the health problem. Ratios were calculated on an individual basis for all causes of absence and for sick leave; they were adjusted for length of service. A four classes interval scale was used for the comparison. An excess of absence length exists in the two studies. The excess is not significant for the myocardial infarction cases (+ 33%, with a statistical power = 51%). It is significant for the labor accident cases (+ 52%, p less than 0.01). The corresponding odds ratio calculated in reference to the lowest absence group were 2.4 (0.9-6.6) and 2.7 (1.5-4.9). The cumulative absence length can be considered as a predictor of serious disease. A conceptual framework of the relationship between absence and natural disease history is presented. The epidemiological approach to the phenomenon of absence is certainly usefull in spite of the controversy underlined by the social sciences.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1969

In the eastern townships, Province of Quebec: occurrence of pneumocystosis.

Three cases of pneumocystosis which occurred in the Quebec Eastern Townships are reported. It seems that in Canada such cases are concentrated in that province. The number of infections caused by this micro-organism is steadily rising and at the present time more cases are reported from Canada and the United States than from Europe. In most cases these patients, children as well as adults, are suffering from an immunologic defect. The authors review morphology, epidemiology and the relationship between host and infecting micro-organism. Clinical diagnosis is possible. Identification of asymptomatic carriers is important, particularly among hospital staff working in nurseries, transplant units and with patients whose condition lowers their immunologic resistance.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1974

Rheumatic complaints and pulmonary response to chrysotile dust inhalation in the mines and mills of Quebec.

In 1967-68 an age-stratified random sample of 1069 current workers in Quebec asbestos mines and mills was surveyed. Questions concerning rheumatic complaints were included in a modified MRC questionnaire used at that time, and on this basis a rheumatic severity gradient was devised. No relationship could be detected between rheumatic complaints and pulmonary radiologic response to chrysotile dust exposure, despite implications in the literature that such a relationship might exist.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

BCG vaccination and pulmonary tuberculosis in Quebec.

The BCG vaccination program officially set up in 1949 in the Province of Quebec has been retrospectively evaluated for the period from 1956 to 1961. Two series of age groups were studied, 0-14 and 15-29, each comprising populations of several hundred thousand. At the beginning and the end of the period, the rates of primary vaccination were, in percentages of viable births, from 40 to 47.8 and, in cumulative percentages, for the 0 to 14 year age group, from 39.98 to 53.41, and for the 0 to 29 year age group, from 29.22 to 45.98.During this period, the ratios between the yearly rates of incidence of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis per 100,000 in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals ranged from 1-2.5 to 1-3.5 within the age group 0-14 years and from 1-4.5 to 1-7 within the age group 15-29 years. When only the incidence of the more severe forms of tuberculosis is considered, the ratios ranged from 1-3.7 to 1-6.0 for the younger group and from 1-5.3 to 1-7.6 for the older one.Mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis was practically non-existent in the vaccinated groups and decreased from 2.5 to 1.3 per 100,000 population in the non-vaccinated groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A serological survey for Brucella canis in dogs in the Province of Quebec.

A serological survey for canine brucellosis has been conducted on 341 dogs from different regions of the province of Quebec. A significant titer was found in six sera (1.6%) with the 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test. Only two dogs presented titers >/= 1:200 which is considered as indicative of active infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1970

Some factors influencing the use of medical services in the province of Quebec.

Hospital records of uncomplicated hernia cases, operated upon in Quebec in 1965, were analyzed to measure variations in the utilization of medical services and to estimate the amount of unmet need. By two separate methods, lower rates of utilization were demonstrated amongst women and the older age groups. Certain indices of health, health resources and utilization were derived, and their usefulness for planning purposes examined statistically. The importance of population-based, rather than institution-based data was stressed, and routine coding of duration of illness on hospital returns (as required on death registrations) was proposed. Regionalization of health services was discussed, and it was suggested that more use should be made of the experience of other countries and of international agencies in health planning, if mistakes are to be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ten cases of angiosarcoma of the liver in Shawinigan, Quebec.

Ten cases of angiosarcoma of the liver have been diagnosed in Shawinigan, Quebec since 1955. All have occurred in men who worked in a vinyl chloride polymerizing plant. Cigarettes and alcohol do not seem to be associated with this tumor. The amount of vinyl chloride to which these people were exposed, according to information obtained through questionnaires, appears elevated. Angiosarcoma of the liver is accompanied by a fibrosis of the liver which may precede its appearance. In describing the Canadian cases of angiosarcoma, this study attempts to shed more light upon the causal relationship between vinyl chloride monomer and angiosarcoma of the liver and thus to provide some clues to understanding the pathogenesis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Health problems and health care for adolescents in residential facilities in Quebec.

The health problems of 160 adolescents in four residential facilities of the Quebec social welfare court were studied. At the time of admission 44% had at least one problem requiring consultation with a specialist and 80% had an average of two problems requiring primary care. The medical records of 106 youngsters in two re-education centres were also reviewed and similar results were noted. The health services available, particularly physical examination and laboratory testing at the time of admission and arrangements for referral and follow-up were judged to be insufficient in most centres. Although society has taken custody of these adolescents, no one is responsible for their health care. Since February 1976 the social welfare court residential facilities and the network involved in the care of socially disturbed youngsters have been undergoing reorganization. Health programs and services ought to be part of this reorganization, and private physicians, hospitals and government each should have a role in the establishment and functioning of these programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

Characteristics of geriatric patients in mental hospitals in the Province of Quebec.

The results of a questionnaire completed by the superintendents of five of the six major mental hospitals in the Province of Quebec concerning patients aged 60 and over showed that this group made up one-fifth to two-fifths of the total populations. The proportion of the population that was over age 60 when admitted varied from just under one-third to almost three-quarters. The ratio of those who died or were discharged at age 60 or more to the total elderly population varied greatly among institutions.Between 67% and 91% of the elderly were capable of ambulation and self-care with minimal help, and from 13.5% to 53% were considered mentally capable of living in a private home or residential home.Diagnostic types varied, among hospitals, from 28% to 65% functional, 13% to 32% organic and 4% to 33% senile psychoses.Experience with preventive and treatment programs elsewhere is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1967

An epidemic of influenza B in the province of Quebec in the Spring of 1966: laboratory studies.

Laboratory studies of an influenza B epidemic in the Province of Quebec carried out during the spring of 1966 are described. During that period six influenza B strains were isolated. The isolated strains did not differ markedly from previous influenza B strains. The serological studies showed that this epidemic had spread over different parts of the Province of Quebec.The serological studies also showed that an isolated community, such as an armed forces camp, can exhibit an epidemiological pattern different from that obtaining in the whole population.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in Quebec.

Serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of Quebec from June to August 1982. Sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine viral diarrhea virus, 22.2%; to bovine herpesvirus-1, 10.8%; and to parainfluenza-3 virus, 23.2%. Antibodies prevailed in similar proportions in young (less than 1 year) and adult (greater than 1 year) animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Types of avian infectious bronchitis strains isolated in Quebec.

Between 1976 and 1980, 24 isolates of infectious bronchitis virus were obtained from Quebec flocks. The serological classification of these isolates was demonstrated by cross neutralization tests using antisera to 13 different reference virus strains. Of the 24 isolates, ten were identified as Connecticut, six Holland and one SE-17 types. Seven strains did not react with any of the specific antisera.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal diarrhea of pigs in Quebec: infectious causes of significant outbreaks.

To evaluate the relative importance of the various enteropathogens causing neonatal diarrhea in Quebec farrowing operations, observations were made on 749 diarrheic pigs from 325 outbreaks of diarrhea. They were one to 15 days of age, and were obtained alive for necropsy generally within 48 hours of the onset of diarrhea. Some pigs were from severe, explosive outbreaks of diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality rates, while others were from herds with chronic neonatal diarrhea with lower morbidity and mortality rates. A combination of bacteriological, virological and histological methods were used to study the pigs. Viruses were incriminated in 60%, bacteria in 23% and coccidia in 15.3% of the 325 diarrhea outbreaks. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus was by far the most common enteropathogen with a prevalence of 52%; rotavirus was implicated in 9.2% of the outbreaks while adenovirus was incriminated in 0.30% of the outbreaks. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were involved in 22.4% of the cases while Clostridium perfringens type C was an occasional finding. Coccidia involved in our herds were identified as Isospora suis. The disease was attributed to infection with a single etiologic agent in 590 diarrheic pigs (78%) while combinations of agents were present in only 90 (12%). The age-specific occurrence of the various enteropathogens was evaluated. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus was the most common enteropathogen in all age groups. Colibacillosis was common in pigs which became diarrheic under five days of age; in this age group, the enterotoxigenic E. coli were frequently found alone, but were usually combined with other agents in older pigs. The prevalence of coccidia was high in pigs which became diarrheic between five and 15 days of age. Rotavirus infection was common in diarrheic pigs older than ten days of age. Although individual baby pigs were commonly infected with a single enteropathogen, it was very common to see more than one agent involved in an outbreak of diarrhea, particularly when pigs of different ages were affected. Observations on the occurrence of the enteropathogens according to the seasons were also made. Occurrence of transmissible gastroenteritis was throughout the year with the highest prevalence during the fall, winter and spring months. Colibacillosis and coccidiosis were more common in the summer, fall and early winter months with the lowest prevalence in the spring months.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1984

Fibre exposure and mortality from pneumoconiosis, respiratory and abdominal malignancies in chrysotile production in Quebec, 1926-75.

To define the relationships between chrysotile exposure in fibre terms and death from specific cancers, and pneumoconiosis, all 11,379 persons born 1891-1920 who had worked in the asbestos mines and mills of Quebec for a month or more before 1967 were followed to the end of 1975. Among the 10,939 men, there had been 4,463 deaths, 634 from these causes. For each death, referents were randomly selected from among men in the cohort born in the same year as the case and known to have survived to a greater age. For each case and his referents, exposures accumulated up to nine years before the death of the case had been obtained as (million particles per cubic foot) x years. Fibre counts were estimated for each work-place so that all exposures could be expressed in (fibres/ml) x years. The ratio of the means for all 2,586 accumulated exposures was 3.46 (f/ml)/mpcf. Relative Risks (RR) were related to exposure by matched analysis. For pneumoconiosis and lung cancer, RR = 1 + b.(f/ml).y fitted well, with b estimated as 0.00647 and 0.00038, respectively. For cancers of upper and of lower G.I. tract, severe exposure was associated with elevated RRs, but rather unclearly. For other abdominal cancers, and laryngeal cancer, risks and exposure were not positively associated. The asbestos-smoking interaction in lung cancer was closer to multiplicative than to additive.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[Absence of the palmar c triradius. Dermatoglyphic and geneologic study of a genetic character transmitted since the 17th century in a Quebec family].

A dermatoglyphic research on the absence of the palmar c-triradius was carried out in a Canadian family line originating from a French married couple who settled in the Quebec City area in 1649. Of the 51 individuals examined, 34 showed that c-triradius was missing on one or both palms. The study of the family tree and of the data confirms the hypothesis that an absent palmar c-triradius is an autosomal dominant trait transmitted by an heterozygous genotype with, in the present observation, an incidence of 66,6% and an estimated penetrance of 44,1%.

Chromosome Aberrations↗