Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pupil Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The Marcus Gunn pupil in experimental tract lesions.

Isolated surgical lesions were made in three Macaca mulatta monkeys. Two had right optic tract section. One control underwent section of the right half of the chiasm. Preoperative evaluation revealed no fundus, pupil, or VER abnormalities. Postoperatively, a classic Marcus Gunn pupil was found contralateral to the isolated optic tract lesions. The control had normal pupils. The nature of the lesions was documented histopathologically, the pupillary findings, photographically. Possible explanations are explored. Contrary to traditional teaching, lesions occurring posterior to the chiasm may indeed produce the Marcus Gunn pupillary phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Arteriovenous malformation of the brain revealed through a visual blur and Adie's pupil].

INTRODUCTION: Arteriovenous malformations of the brain (BAVMs) are a relatively rare group involving intracranial vascular lesions (telangiectasia, cavernous malformation, venous anomaly). We report the case of a patient who presented an atypical visual symptomatology revealing a BAVM. OBSERVATION: A 48-year-old woman consulted for a recent bilateral visual blur. In darkness, discrete anisocoria appeared on the left eye. At the biomicroscopy light examination, we found areflexic semi-mydriasis (direct and consensual) on the left eye; the light reflex (direct and consensual) on the right eye was normal. During the accommodative reflex test the left pupil contracted. We propose the diagnosis of Adie's pupil, which was confirmed by the pilocarpine test (0.125%). We decided to examine the visual field because the symptomatology of the visual blur remained unexplained. The visual field showed a left homonymous inferior lateral scotoma. MRI showed a right occipital arteriovenous malformation. DISCUSSION: A quick examination could confuse painless anisocoria with a compression of the IIIrd intrinsic left nerve. This recent scotoma revealed BAVM progression. The natural history of BAVMs shows that the essential risk of these injuries is the onset of an intracranial hemorrhage. To reach a radical therapeutic decision, a cerebral arteriography clarifying the afferent and efferent vascularity of the nidus was carried out. CONCLUSION: This case is original in that it associates the concomitant discovery of a BAVM and Adie's pupil. Symptomatic BAVMs are extremely serious. Planning their treatment requires multidisciplinary cooperation in order to reduce the risk of mortality.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Clonidine overdose: report of six cases and review of the literature.

Clonidine poisoning usually causes depressed sensorium, hypotension, and bradycardia. Some patients manifest respiratory depression and miosis simulating narcotic overdose. Supportive care with judicious administration of intravenous fluids, occasionally supplemented by a dopamine infusion, usually reestablished adequate blood pressure. Tolazoline, an alpha-blocker, may reverse clonidine's effects should other efforts fail. Atropine should be used if bradycardia is hemodynamically significant. With massive overdose, clonidine's partial alpha-agonist properties may predominate, resulting in marked hypertension requiring cautious therapy. The experience at Parkland Memorial Hospital with clonidine overdose in six patients demonstrates the myriad of clinical presentations possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Optic neuritis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1981

Ophthalmologic considerations in maxillofacial trauma. Anatomy and diagnostic evaluation.

The high incidence of orbital involvement in facial injuries necessitates a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation in virtually all cases. This article will provide the oral and maxillofacial surgeon with a review of the anatomy of the eye and ocular adnexa and present a systematic method of conducting and interpreting an ophthalmologic examination.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed2001

Effect of preoperative pupil measurements on glare, halos, and visual function after photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy.

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess the effect of preoperative variables such as pupil size on glare, halos, and visual function after photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. METHODS: Ninety-three eyes had PARK for primary compound myopic astigmatism. Preoperative pupil diameters were measured under scotopic and photopic illuminance conditions. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. A regression model was performed to evaluate the predictive value of assessing preoperative variables such as pupil diameter on the development of glare and halos, contrast sensitivity, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) under scotopic, photopic, and glare conditions. RESULTS: The greater magnitude loss of BSCVA under scotopic conditions in the early postoperative period as well as the slower recovery to preoperative levels in eyes with larger scotopic pupil diameters were not statistically significant (P >.05). An increase in symptoms of glare was related more to the attempted level of spherical equivalent (SE) correction than to the pupil size during the first 12 postoperative months (P <.01). The photoablation dimensions as determined by the attempted level of astigmatic correction may result in decreases in the glare BSCVA up to 12 months after PARK (P =.03). At the 2 year follow-up, pupil diameter under both scotopic and photopic illuminance conditions was not predictive of any of the measured outcomes variables. CONCLUSIONS: An assessment of preoperative pupil size and the attempted level of both SE and astigmatic correction may be useful in identifying patients at risk of developing symptoms or declines in visual performance after PARK. However, follow-up studies are indicated to identify variables predictive of poor visual outcomes following excimer laser refractive surgery.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Choosing an intraocular lens for patients with large pupils.

Optical aberration from the positioning holes of a posterior chamber intraocular lens was encountered in three patients with wide spontaneous dilation of the pupil in scotopic conditions. One patient had a cataract extraction in his fellow eye with implantation of a posterior chamber lens without positioning holes in its optical portion and has not encountered any aberrations in that eye. We suggest that in such patients, careful preoperative measurement of the pupillary size in a dark room should be done and lenses without positioning holes on the optic should be used to prevent optical aberrations.

Darkness↗
PubMed1996

Effect of capsulorhexis diameter on glare disability.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the diameter of the anterior capsulorhexis has an effect on postoperative glare. SETTING: Sapir Medical Center, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel. METHODS: Forty patients had extracapsular cataract extraction (manual or phacoemulsification) through an intact continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of various sizes. The CCC diameter was measured and the opacity of the anterior and posterior capsules was evaluated before and after dilation of the pupils. Glare test (Miller-Nadler glare tester) was performed with the eyelid in a normal position and after lid elevation. RESULTS: The diameter of the CCC ranged from 3.50 to 7.00 mm (mean 4.87 mm). The anterior capsule was always opaque in the area of contact with the IOL material. None was graded clear; 60% were graded as +3. Mean glare disability prior to pupil dilation was 12.1 +/- 8.8 (SD) and after dilation, 17.3 +/- 9.7. There was no correlation between glare disability and the diameter of the capsulorhexis, the width of the exposed opacified capsular ring, or the grading of capsule opacification (anterior and posterior). Dilation of the pupil significantly increased glare disability (P = .016), unrelated to CCC diameter. CONCLUSION: A CCC larger than 3.5 mm does not induce significant glare.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Autonomic and respiratory dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease due to Thr124Met mutation in the myelin protein zero gene.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of a family presenting Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) associated with autonomic nervous system disturbances. METHODS: We studied nerve conduction values, postural adaptation, sympathetic skin reflex, the variation in heart rate by the Valsalva ratio and pupillometry in 7 members of a French family in which CMT due to a Thr124Met mutation in the myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene was diagnosed. RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory evidence of autonomic nervous system disturbances were found in the affected individuals. The clinical phenotype was characterized by sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, defined as axonal type by electrophysiological studies, and was associated with severe pain, bladder dysfunction, sudorimotor disturbances and abolished pupillary reflex to light. Moreover, two patients had severe restrictive respiratory insufficiency requiring noninvasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that autonomic disturbances may be one of the major clinical signs associated with CMT secondary to MPZ gene mutation in codon 124. Testing of pupillary reflex allows the discrimination of affected and unaffected subjects in our family. However, involvement of the autonomic nervous system in this type of neuropathy is unclear and further studies are required to elucidate the role of the MPZ gene in the autonomic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparative analysis of three prospective trials of multifocal implants.

A clinical analysis of best cases four to 12 months postoperatively was made to assess the function of 47 3M multifocal implants, 40 Iolab multifocal implants and 24 AMO multifocal implants. Overall 86 (79%) eyes could see 6/12 and N6 unaided. The multifocal function for each lens worked well for distance, intermediate and near in the majority but an increase in depth of field was at a cost of reduced resolution efficiency. The 3M lens was associated with symptoms of poor optical quality in 29.8% and with an inability to read N5 with correction in 17%. The Iolab lens provided better reading vision but less good distant vision than the other types and was associated with symptoms of poor optical quality in 15%. Many of these had a pupil diameter greater than 3.5 mm. The AMO lens gave a poorer unaided reading vision than the other lens types but had the lowest incidence of optical symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Oculosympathetic alterations in migraine patients.

Oculosympathetic function was studied in 20 headache-free migraine patients and in 20 controls. Pupillary investigation was performed under basal conditions, and after instillation of tyramine (2%) and phenylephrine (1%) eyedrops. Each test was performed twice shortly after a spontaneous attack and then repeated after 7 and 15 days. In the patients, the normal mydriatic response induced by tyramine was significantly (p<0.001) reduced and phenylephrine instillation caused a significant (p<0.01) pupillary dilatation in both the assessments performed shortly after the attack. These abnormal responses were bilateral in all patients and slightly anisocoric in some. They were significantly (p<0.001) more pronounced in the patients who had pain and pronounced vascular features. The reduced oculosympathetic response to tyramine, as well as the hypersensitivity to phenylephrine, was less evident 7 days after the attack and absent after 15 days. A transient and bilateral post-ganglionic oculosympathetic hypofunction, with adrenoceptor hypersensitivity, was found to be temporally related to the migraine attack, regardless of the side or predominant side of pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Measuring of ocular wavefront aberration in large pupils using OPD-scan.

Wavefront analysis using a scanning slit refractometer (the OPD-Scan) was evaluated in both artificial and human eyes, in comparison with the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (H-S) currently often used. Comparison of different methods and configurations carried out in the artificial eyes yielded basically the same results in moderate refractive error cases. There was a closer match between the RMS (root mean square) wavefront error obtained by OPD-Scan and H-S in the 6 mm pupils than in the 4 mm pupils of the same normal human eyes. Although OPD-Scan employs a different approach in determining aberration, the aberration value is similar to that of H-S, especially in large pupils.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Mapping of a congenital microcoria locus to 13q31-q32.

Congenital microcoria is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a pupil with a diameter <2 mm. It is thought to be due to a maldevelopment of the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris, and it is associated with juvenile-onset glaucoma. A total genome search for the location of the congenital microcoria gene was launched in a single large family. We found linkage between the disease and markers located on 13q31-q32 (Zmax = 9.79; theta = 0). Haplotype analysis narrowed the linked region to an interval <8 cM between markers D13S1239 proximally and D13S1280 distally.

Chromosome Mapping↗