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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Endodontic treatment during root formation.

Various forms of endodontic treatment may be used in an attempt to maintain pulpal vitality during the period of root formation. In teeth with advanced caries but with no clinical evidence of pulpitis, indirect pulp capping with the retention of a small amount of softened dentine in the base of the cavity is preferable to further excavation and direct capping of a resulting exposure. Direct capping of pulpal exposures in traumatized incisors is confined to teeth in which the tissue loss is limited and the exposure is small and recent. Where there is more serious contamination of the pulp, whether by trauma or by caries, pulpotomy is indicated. In each of these three forms of treatment, calcium hydroxide is the dressing of choice. In incompletely formed teeth with necrotic pulps, the anatomy of the root canal poses problems which may not be entirely evident radiographically because of differential root development in the buccolingual and mesiodistal planes, whilst surgical treatment may result in excessive root shortening, besides being unacceptable to many patients. Treatment of these teeth is directed towards stimulating calcific closure of the apical foramen, preparatory to the insertion of a conventional root filling. Important factors in this form of treatment are the removal of necrotic tissue from the root canal, the preservation of vital tissue in the apical part of the root, and the use of a suitable agent as a root canal dressing. Calcium hydroxide is the agent of choice for this purpose.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hand and foot infections in children].

Hand and Foot anatomic and physiologic characteristics make the infections, located there, acquire specific aspects. Seventy seven in-patients admitted and/or with follow-up at the out-patient clinic of Dona Estefãnia Hospital with Hand (25) and Foot (52) infections, were reviewed during the period between January 1991 and January 1994. We treated, out-patients with paronychia (7 of the hand and 42 of the foot), one patient with hand pulpitis, and one with dorsum hand cellulitis. The remaining 16 with hand infection (64%) and 15 with foot infection (29%) were being treated with splint in the position of rest, elevation of the affected limb and endovenous antibiotic therapy. In all abscess cases, surgical drainage was conducted, 16 the of hand and 22 of the foot. There were no sequels in hand infection. In foot infection there was one osteitis of the first metatarsus and a cutaneous fistula.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of dental emergency visits to an urban children's hospital.

All 1482 emergency room dental visits to Seattle's Children's Hospital and Medical Center from 1982 to 1991 were studied to evaluate trends in patients seeking care: 60% of visits were for trauma, the remainder for infection or other reasons. The number of visits was 2.1 times greater in 1991 than in 1982. Comparing the periods of 1982-1987 and 1988-1991, there was an increase in the proportion of infection-related visits from 30.5 to 43.5% of all visits. Spring/summer and weekends had the highest volume. More males (61.2%) than females received care. The largest number of visits (47.9%) occurred between 6:00 PM and midnight. Nearly two-thirds (62%) of children did not have a usual source of medical care; 30.2% of children had no medical insurance, and 21.5% received Medicaid benefits. Medicaid patients were twice as likely to be seen for infection as for trauma. Among the uninsured, there was no difference in the rates of trauma or infection. Non-Caucasian patients were twice as likely to be seen for infection as Caucasians. Infection visits were for pulpitis (32.1%), and periapical and gingival abscess (53.5%). Trauma patients were younger (66 months) than infection patients (89 months). Trauma was primarily to the maxillary anterior teeth (70.1%) and upper lip and gingiva (12.1%). Common agents for trauma were furniture, bicycles, and sports.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

["Adhesive anterior tooth restorations" with the use of dentin bonding with and without a cavity liner].

In this clinical study 60 class III and class IV restorations were placed according to the rules of the "adhesive restoration". 32 were without, 28 with a light-cured glass-ionomer liner. Total bonding was established in the liner-free group using a modern dentinal adhesive (Prisma Universal Bond 3). Immediately after placement and 3, 6 and 12 months later, respectively, all restorations were clinically inspected. In addition, marginal adaptation of 29 fillings was evaluated in the scanning electron microscope using the replica technique. The results of the clinical examination and of the SEM evaluation at 12 months were not statistically different. Clinically, all restorations were rated A or B. Except for one tooth with pulpitis caused by a restoration, that was not directly involved in this study, all restored teeth were vital and free of clinical symptoms after 12 months. The percentage of "continuous margin" was about 90% in both groups initially. At 12 months-recall, more than 95% "continuous margin" were recorded. This increase was due to repeated removal of flashes at the recall intervals. Under the proviso of an efficient recall, by using a modern dentinal adhesive and a fine hybrid composite, "adhesive restorations" can successfully be placed with and without liner.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1993

Acute bronchospasm following administration of lidocaine.

A 27-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease and an allergy to penicillin presented for routine restorative dental work. Xylotox E80A (3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine) was given, and the dental work was completed uneventfully. Three months later she presented with acute pulpitis of a mandibular molar for which root canal therapy was indicated. At this time, 1.8 mL Xylotox E80A was given. Within 2 minutes, the patient experienced severe respiratory distress and the procedure was delayed for 5 days. In a fully equipped operating room, a subcutaneous test with Xylotox E80A was performed and acute bronchospasm resulted. This case report describes severe bronchospasm following the administration of lidocaine on two occasions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

New ideas and advancing technology in prevention and non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease.

Analytical, oral epidemiological studies in adult 'toothbrushing' populations show that the highest prevalence of missing teeth is for molars and maxillary premolars ('key-risk' teeth). The highest prevalence of subgingival microflora, gingivitis (CPITN-1), plaque retentive factors, such as subgingival calculus and restoration overhangs (CPITN-2), and diseased pockets > 3 mm (CPITN-3-4) is found on the approximal surfaces of the same teeth ('key-risk' surfaces). Primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment of periodontal disease should be focused on these 'key-risk' surfaces. One single, well-executed subgingival scaling and root-planning procedure in deep, diseased periodontal pockets, followed by oral hygiene training and professional mechanical tooth-cleaning (PMTC) at need-related intervals, will prevent further loss of periodontal attachment. However, if the root cementum is removed during instrumentation, and the post-treatment plaque control programme fails, microorganisms will recolonize and invade the rough exposed root dentine, resulting in recurrence of periodontitis and possibly, root caries and pulpitis. Some of these problems may be overcome by the application of new instruments and methods for self-care, PMTC, removal of overhangs, scaling and root-planing without removing 'non-diseased' cementum.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence and technical standard of endodontic treatment in a Swedish population. A longitudinal study.

The aims of this thesis were to study longitudinally the tooth mortality, prevalence and technical standard of endodontic treatment as well as the endodontic treatment need in a Swedish population. Furthermore, the prevalences of teeth with crowns and posts were studied as well as the prevalence of apical periodontitis in such teeth, to see if these treatments affected the apical status. Finally, the reasons for and incidence of tooth mortality were investigated to see if the reasons for extractions were correlated to endodontic status, crown or post therapy, respectively. The interobserver variation between the two observers taking part in the investigation was also studied and found to be acceptable. The material consisted of full mouth radiographic surveys from 200 patients examined twice with an interval of 5-7 years. It was found that tooth losses were evenly distributed in the different age-groups and that molars were lost more often than teeth in the frontal region. Furthermore, endodontically treated teeth were lost more often than other teeth and the quality of the root filling affected the risk of tooth losses. Teeth with screw posts were lost more frequently than other teeth, while crowned teeth did not run a higher risk of being lost than teeth without crowns. Caries, including pulpitis and apical periodontitis, was the main reason for tooth extractions. There was a great need for endodontic treatment in the population examined, and the technical standard of the root fillings was poor. A slight improvement in quality of endodontic treatment was evident at the second examination. However, the technical standard was still poor. It is concluded that it is important that dentists in general practice should be better trained in performing endodontic treatment, and that research efforts should be made to find better and simpler methods for endodontic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Medical informatics on the eve of the 21st century and the tasks of the dental service in Russia].

The problems and tasks of information provision of dental service in Russia for all levels, from federal to regional health center are discussed as well as the concept of development and program of information provision in dentistry, software for automated working places of dentists, local network for dental centers and dentistry departments, software for differential diagnosis and treatment of the main dental diseases, such as caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, diseases of the periodontium and buccal mucosa, benign tumors, etc., for rapid screening of dental patients for AIDS and other diseases, design and software for computers intended for computer training of students and dentists, stomatology search and reference information system, etc.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗