Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Personality Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Using the structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) to differentiate young adults with borderline personality disorder features.

The present experiment investigated the ability of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) Intrex questionnaires to differentiate nonclinical samples of young adults with features of either borderline personality disorder (BPD), schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), or no personality disorder (no PD). A number of significant differences were demonstrated on the SASB Intrex questionnaires when comparisons were made between the BPD and no PD samples. These results are consistent with those reported in an earlier investigation of BPD using SASB in a clinical sample. Few differences were found between the SPD features sample and the other two samples. These results are not consistent with previous findings that have differentiated BPD and SPD in clinical samples. The results are discussed in terms of the possible implications for SASB to differentiate BPD, the use of nonclinical samples in personality disorder research, and dimensional models for conceptualizing personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Dexamethasone suppression test findings in subjects with personality disorders: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies using the 1.0-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in subjects with personality disorders have produced mixed results. However, these studies focused on major depression and did not consider the possible effects of the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has been shown to be associated with increased cortisol suppression. To investigate the effect of PTSD, the authors conducted a 0.5-mg DST, which is more sensitive than the 1.0-mg DST for detection of increased cortisol suppression, in a group of subjects with personality disorders. METHOD: Subjects with personality disorders (N=52) ingested 0.5 mg of dexamethasone. Pre- and postfasting blood samples were drawn for measurement of cortisol levels. A three-way analysis of covariance was used to test for the main effects of major depression, PTSD, and gender on percent cortisol suppression, with plasma dexamethasone concentration as a covariate. Secondary analyses assessed for main and interaction effects of age at which trauma(s) occurred and a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. RESULTS: Neither major depression nor gender had a significant effect on percent cortisol suppression. Subjects with PTSD had significantly higher percent cortisol suppression than subjects with major depression. Age at which trauma(s) occurred and a borderline personality disorder diagnosis had no significant main or interaction effects on cortisol suppression. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of cortisol suppression was associated with PTSD in subjects with personality disorder. This finding is similar to published findings for PTSD subjects without personality disorders. Major depression, gender, age when trauma(s) occurred, and a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder did not have significant main or interaction effects on cortisol suppression.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An experiential-descriptive method for the diagnosis of personality disorders.

The assessment of personality disorders is complicated by conceptual and empirical problems. An aspect of the disarray in this area is the general negative connotations associated with these conditions, which is prevalent in the negative language frequently used to describe these disorders. This article presents a simple, straightforward, and objective approach to evaluating and describing the Axis II conditions as an example of how to improve on this problem.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

[Narcissistic personality disorder and factitious disorder on a borderline personality organization basis: a psychoanalytic psychotherapy process].

The aim of this presentation is to summarize the changes occurring during the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a dystonic (due to anoxic injury), 25-years-old female patient both from the standpoint of diagnosis and dynamics as well as the changes occurring in the therapist. The patient was finally diagnosed as having narcissistic disorder with factitious traits on a borderline personality organization and was twice hospitalized for a wide variety of symptoms, such as suicidal attempts, auditory and visual hallucinations, animistic thoughts, obsessive compulsive symptoms, dissociative episodes, and fear of abandonment. Hospitalized treatment was started on a weekly basis. Avoidance of interpretation, acceptance of her fantasies, outbursts and hostile behaviour helped the patient to reveal herself as a helpless and lonesome person trying to get attention with pseudo-symptoms created throughout the therapy. The patient finally established a trusting relationship with the therapist. This, in turn helped the therapist to become more attuned to the patient's difficulties. It is obvious that establishing a positive working relationship is the basis of psychotherapy and that even on a once a week basis significant changes can occur in a patient's attitude towards his/her life and future. Another point emphasized in this paper is the importance of supervision, which helped the therapist to overcome prejudices and become more flexible.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1988

A family history method for DSM-III anxiety and personality disorders.

A family history method for DSM-III anxiety and personality disorders (FHPD) was validated by direct interview of 182 relatives. The categories of "any anxiety disorder," "panic disorder," and "any personality disorder" achieved sensitivities and specificities equivalent to currently accepted psychiatric family history methods. The family history results for the DSM-III dramatic and anxious personality disorder clusters showed good specificities, but only fair sensitivities. It is possible these cluster sensitivities could be improved in the future by using less stringent criteria. The FHPD is designed so that it can easily be integrated into the Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria format and scoring.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Defining disordered personality functioning.

Current definitions of the PDs commonly combine descriptors of personality style and disordered personality functioning. This leads to artefactual comorbidity of formally separate disorders and compromising of diagnostic precision. We suggest that measurement of disordered functioning alone might provide a more efficient and precise first-level measure of PD. We review candidate constructs for the definition of disordered functioning and consider how constructs might be refined in subsequent research and lead to applied measures.

Behavioral Symptoms↗
PubMed2001

Psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm patients.

BACKGROUND: Previous UK studies have reported much lower rates of psychiatric and personality disorder in those who attempt suicide than in those who die by suicide. AIMS: To determine the nature and prevalence of psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm (DSH) patients. METHOD: A representative sample of 150 DSH patients who presented to a general hospital were assessed using a structured clinical interview and a standardised instrument. Follow-up interviews were completed for 118 patients approximately 12-16 months later. RESULTS: ICD-10 psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 138 patients (92.0%), with comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in 46.7%. The most common diagnosis was affective disorder (72.0%). Personality disorder was identified in 45.9% of patients interviewed at follow-up. Comorbidity of psychiatric and personality disorder was present in 44.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric and personality disorders, and their comorbidity, are common in DSH patients. This has important implications for assessment and management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Personality disorders in sociocultural perspective.

Personality disorders are shaped by a social and cultural context. This principle is supported by evidence that Axis II diagnoses have a different prevalence in different societies, and that some disorders demonstrate cohort effects. Transitions from traditional to modern social structures, accompanied by social disintegration and rapid social change, could account for these phenomena. The main mechanisms of action would involve interference with family functioning and with buffering from the social community.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow-up study on borderline versus nonborderline personality disorders.

Using a semi-structured interview, 18 DSM-III borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients and 17 other (nonborderline) personality disorder (OPD) patients were compared blind 4 1/2 years after their index discharge. Although significantly younger and mostly single, BPD patients did not differ from OPD patients in the degree of overall psychopathology or in the level of psychosocial functioning and adjustment. They do not seem to represent a particularly severe personality disorder group. Those characteristics differentiating BPD patients from affective disorders and schizophrenia may be nonspecific regarding other personality disorder types. As such, more attention should be paid to cases of OPD in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Depressive personality disorder: theoretical issues, clinical findings, and future research questions.

This article reviews the theoretical construct of depressive personality disorder and its related research. The history of depressive personality disorder is reviewed. It is concluded that differing theories converge on similar descriptions and mechanisms of development for the depressive personality disorder. Substantial empirical work supports the diagnostic distinctiveness of depressive personality disorder in clinical populations. Past and current assessment devices for assessing depressive personality disorder are also described along with their psychometric properties and clinical value. Suggestions are made for future research on the etiology and validity of the depressive personality disorder construct in order to facilitate deciding whether or not to include depressive personality disorder in future editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2004

Thematic stages of recovery in the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

Recovery from borderline personality disorder involves identification and resolution of two core conflicts. Recovery is a long-term process, however, and entails sequential stages that patients must work through. Each stage has unique challenges and pitfalls that must be overcome in order to avoid traumatic reenactment. It is possible for some patients and their therapists to successfully negotiate the stages, even if pathology is on the severe end of the spectrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Suicide in patients with borderline personality disorder].

Patients with borderline personality disorder present a clinical challenge, largely because of their chronic suicidality. Long-term outcome research shows that about 10 per cent of borderline patients will eventually complete suicide, but that is difficult to predict which patients are at highest risk. There is no evidence at present that treatment prevents suicide. Clinical recommendations are made, suggesting that suicide prevention should not be the major priority of therapy of these patients.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Learning disabilities in children with borderline personality disorder.

Children with borderline personality disorder are known to have a variety of school problems, including low achievement. Clinicians working with these youngsters have estimated that one third or more may be learning disabled; however, no empirical studies have confirmed these estimates. The author reports the results of a study of 56 hospitalized borderline children in which score profiles from academic and cognitive measures were cluster analyzed. She examines the incidence of independent learning disabilities as well as subgroup membership, and discusses implications for treatment.

Achievement↗
PubMed1998

Depressive personality: associations with DSM-III-R mood and personality disorders and negative and positive affectivity, 30-month stability, and prediction of course of Axis I depressive disorders.

The authors addressed 5 issues bearing on the validity of the construct of depressive personality disorder (DPD): its relationship with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) mood and personality disorders and normal personality dimensions of negative and positive affectivity, its stability over 30-months, and its impact on the course of Axis I depressive disorders. Two samples were used: 156 outpatients with mood disorders, personality disorders, or both, and 267 of their 1st-degree relatives. The association between DPD and dysthymia was fairly modest, whereas the associations with major depression and the personality disorders were quite low. DPD was moderately correlated with both negative and positive affectivity; however, it contributed unique information beyond that available from the 2 emotional superfactors. Finally, DPD was moderately stable over a 30-month period and was associated with a poorer course of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Premorbid personality disorders in schizophrenia.

Premorbid personality disorders (PD) were studied retrospectively in 40 schizophrenic patients by interviewing the parents and patients who were reliable with the SCID-II. 85% of the patients had premorbid PDs. The most frequent premorbid PDs were: avoidant PD (32. 5%), schizoid PD (27.5%), paranoid PD (20%), dependent PD (20%) and schizotypal PD (12.5%). In most of the patients, two or more PDs could be diagnosed simultaneously (47.5%), comorbilidity of the premorbid PDs in schizophrenia being the most common one. The most frequent combination was avoidant-schizoid-schizotypal PD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of psychotherapy for personality disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy for personality disorders in psychotherapy outcome studies. METHOD: Fifteen studies were located that reported data on pretreatment-to-posttreatment effects and/or recovery at follow-up, including three randomized, controlled treatment trials, three randomized comparisons of active treatments, and nine uncontrolled observational studies. They included psychodynamic/interpersonal, cognitive behavior, mixed, and supportive therapies. RESULTS: All studies reported improvement in personality disorders with psychotherapy. The mean pre-post effect sizes within treatments were large: 1.11 for self-report measures and 1.29 for observational measures. Among the three randomized, controlled treatment trials, active psychotherapy was more effective than no treatment according to self-report measures. In four studies, a mean of 52% of patients remaining in therapy recovered--defined as no longer meeting the full criteria for personality disorder--after a mean of 1.3 years of treatment. A heuristic model based on these findings estimated that 25.8% of personality disorder patients recovered per year of therapy, a rate sevenfold larger than that in a published model of the natural history of borderline personality disorder (3.7% recovered per year, with recovery of 50% of patients requiring 10.5 years of naturalistic follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for personality disorders and may be associated with up to a sevenfold faster rate of recovery in comparison with the natural history of disorders. Future studies should examine specific therapies for specific personality disorders, using more uniform assessment of core pathology and outcome.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗