Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Parvalbumins”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Gap junctions on GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus (CA1 region).

Gap junctions were identified for the first time on chemically defined neurons in the central nervous system. Gap junctions were thus demonstrated on GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding on GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the rat hippocampus. Thin and semithin (0.5 micron thick) sections were cut alternately and consecutively from osmium-fixed tissue which was embedded in epoxy resin and usable for conventional electron microscopic studies. The semithin sections were processed for postembedding immunocytochemistry using an anti-PV serum. Structures corresponding to the PV-immunoreactive (PV-I) profiles on the semithin sections were easily identified on electron micrographs from the adjacent thin sections. Using this technique gap junctions were found (1) between PV-I dendrites, (2) between PV-I dendrites and PV-I somata and (3) between PV-I dendrites and small processes whose origin could not be identified. Despite a systematic search, we did not find gap junction between PV-negative processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fiber type-specific distribution of parvalbumin in rabbit skeletal muscle. A quantitative microbiochemical and immunohistochemical study.

A highly sensitive sandwich ELISA for parvalbumin (PA), based on a fluorometric detection system, was developed. This assay detected PA concentrations as low as 20 pg/ml (2 pg per assay) and was used for measuring PA contents in fragments of single muscle fibers isolated from freeze-dried 100-150 microns thick cross sections. The fibers were typed according to their histochemically assessed mATPase in parallel cross sections. Type I fibers from rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles contained extremely low PA concentrations (2-5 micrograms/g w.wt.). Type IIA fibers displayed slightly higher values with mean values of 17 and 29 micrograms/g w.wt. (range 5-65) in TA and VL, respectively. Much higher PA concentrations were found in type IIB fibers with wide ranges from 75-1150 micrograms/g w.wt. in TA and 440-1370 micrograms/g w.wt. in VL. Whereas the IIB fibers of the TA displayed a continuum, two subgroups were distinguishable according to their PA contents (means of 590 and 1230 micrograms/g w.wt.) in VL. Possibly, the population with the lower PA content which was histochemically defined as type IIB in the present study, corresponds to fiber type IID. The finding that PA is predominantly present in type IIB fibers was also confirmed by the parallel decay of PA and type IIB fibers during chronic low-frequency stimulation. The use of freeze substitution, or alternatively, of freeze-drying, made it possible to demonstrate PA immunohistochemically without artifacts and to evaluate the staining intensity by microphotometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the human central nervous system are decreased in Alzheimer's disease.

Immunohistochemical localization of the Ca(2+)-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) was investigated in the adult human central nervous system (CNS). The antiserum against purified rat skeletal muscle PV specifically recognized certain neuronal populations and their processes. Strongly positive were Purkinje, basket and stellate cells of the cerebellum, cerebral cortical nonpyramidal cells, and neurons in the thalamic reticular and ventrolateral nuclei, subthalamic nucleus, lateral and medial geniculate bodies, vestibular and cochlear nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus, cuneate and gracile nuclei, and dorsal nucleus of Clarke. Negative were cortical pyramidal neurons, neurons of the autonomic nerves, and neurons in the caudate nucleus, putamen, dentate nucleus, inferior olive, and substantia gelatinosa. The number and size of PV-immunoreactive neurons were significantly decreased in Alzheimer's disease. However, the decrease was not disease specific.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Poor correlation between delayed neuronal death induced by transient forebrain ischemia, and immunoreactivity for parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k in developing gerbil hippocampus.

In the normal developing hippocampus of the gerbil, parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons first appear in the stratum pyramidale of CA3 at postnatal day 15 (P15), and in CA2 and hilus of the dentate gyrus from P21 onwards. Immunoreactive terminals also follow the same sequence from CA3 to CA1 to reach adult patterns by the end of the 1st month. Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity is seen in the external part of the upper blade of the dentate gyrus at P5, and progresses to the granule cell and molecular layers of the whole gyrus by P15, except for a thin band of immature cells located at the base of the granule cell layer which are calbindin negative. Calbindin immunoreactivity in mossy fibers progresses from the external to the hilar region of CA3 during the same period. A few immunoreactive cells are also found in the stratum radiatum/lacunare of the CA3, but no calbindin-immunoreactive cells are observed in the CA1 and CA2 subfields. The adult pattern of calbindin immunoreactivity is reached at P21. Vulnerability following transient forebrain ischemia for 20 min was examined in the hippocampal formation of gerbils during postnatal development. No cellular damage was seen in animals aged 7 days. Dying cells were observed at the base of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus in animals aged 15, 21 and 30 days. Pyramidal cells in the CA3 subfield were also sensitive to ischemia in gerbils aged 15 days, and less frequently in animals aged 21 days. The adult pattern of cellular damage, characterized by selective vulnerability of the CA1 subfield, was seen from day 30 onwards.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ultrastructure of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus following a kainic acid injection.

Non-pyramidal neurons which contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) were examined, at the ultrastructural level, in the CA1 area of the normal hippocampus and following a unilateral intracerebroventricular kainic acid (KA) injection. Many degenerating PV-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were identified in the ipsilateral strata oriens and pyramidale at 3 days post-lesion and some were seen in stratum oriens of the contralateral CA1 area. A few PV-IR neurons remained resistant to the effects of KA. A chronic, almost total loss of PV-IR terminals was detected around the soma of the ipsilateral CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, the PV-IR terminals around the axon initial segments of the CA1 pyramidial neurons remained intact at all post-lesion survival times in both ipsilateral and contralateral tissue. The examination of serial ultrathin sections established the origin of the PV-IR terminals around the axon initial segments to be the KA-resistant PV-IR neurons in stratum pyramidale. This data provides evidence for the loss of non-pyramidal neurons following a KA lesion together with evidence for a surviving inhibitory circuit that could, if functional, provide a very strong inhibitory control of pyramidal neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Loss of parvalbumin immunoreactivity defines selectively vulnerable thalamic reticular nucleus neurons following cardiac arrest in the rat.

The thalamic reticular nucleus (NRT) is one of the most vulnerable structures to selective neuronal damage both in human cardiac arrest patients and in experimental rodent global cerebral ischemia models. The detailed distribution of neuronal injury within the NRT was examined following 10-min cardiac arrest in the rat with conventional Nissl staining, 45Ca autoradiography and immunocytochemistry of the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR). While Nissl staining was almost unable to show the exact boundary of the nucleus and of the lesion, immunocytochemistry of PV proved to be the most useful index of the exact location and extent of neuronal loss in the NRT after ischemia. Calcium autoradiography was a sensitive method for detecting the lesion, and showed a similar distribution to the loss of PV staining, but did not give optimal spatial resolution. Quantitative analysis of PV staining at 7 days of recirculation demonstrated cell loss restricted to the lateral aspect of the middle segment of the NRT, identical with the distribution of large fusiform neurons in the somatosensory component of the nucleus. CR-positive neurons in the NRT were completely spared, although not all surviving neurons contained CR. These studies provide the first detailed characterization of the distribution of vulnerable neurons within the NRT after experimental ischemia and suggest that immunocytochemistry of PV is a useful tool for quantitative analysis of the lesion for use in further experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of selective vulnerability of the NRT.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the cortex in Pick's disease.

Parvalbumin (a calcium-binding protein)-immunoreactive (PV-Ir) neurons in the cerebral cortex were examined in 20 postmortem brains obtained from elderly controls and patients with Pick's disease (PD). The type of PV-Ir neurons and their distribution in control and PD brains were similar. The number of PV-Ir neurons in PD brains did not differ significantly from that in the control brains either. These findings suggested that PV-Ir neurons in the cortex are not affected in PD brains. A significant loss of PV-Ir neurons has already been reported in brains obtained from patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), and the present results suggest the possibility that the damage of PV-Ir neurons might be comparatively selective for ATD brains.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between parvalbumin content and the speed of relaxation in chronically stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscle.

The time courses of changes in parvalbumin (PA) content, isometric twitch tension, and half-relaxation time (1/2 RT) were studied in rabbit tibialis anterior muscle following chronic 10 Hz nerve stimulation of 1-21 days. Up to 5 days stimulation had no effect on PA content, but it induced a slight (10-15%) increase in the 1/2 RT. This change occurred together with the previously observed 50% decrease in Ca2+-uptake by the SR (Leberer et al. 1987). While prolonged stimulation produced no further decrease in the Ca2+-uptake by the SR, PA content declined after 5 days of stimulation. The reduction in PA content was accompanied by a progressive lengthening of the 1/2 RT. However, the increase in 1/2 RT was particularly pronounced after PA had fallen below 50% of its normal value. A 90% reduction in PA coincided with a 60% increase in the 1/2 RT. By this time the staircase phenomenon, normally observed in fast-twitch muscle, was completely abolished. Although the changes in PA content and 1/2 RT were not linearly related, these results suggest that PA plays an important role in the relaxation process of mammalian fast-twitch muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Area-specific morphological and neurochemical maturation of non-pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus as revealed by parvalbumin immunocytochemistry.

The time course of the morphological differentiation of non-pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus shows an area specificity. Thus, non-pyramidal neurons in CA3 appear more mature than in CA1 at early postnatal stages. Physiological data provide evidence for an earlier maturation of GABA-mediated inhibition in CA3 in comparison to CA1. As the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PARV) is thought to be a marker for highly active inhibitory neurons, we analyzed the area-specific appearance of PARV in GABAergic neurons during development. Employing combined light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, we revealed an area specificity in the time course of the neurochemical and morphological maturation of this functionally important subpopulation of non-pyramidal cells. The first appearance of PARV-immunoreactivity was observed at P7 and was exclusively located in cell bodies in CA3. At P8, neurons in CA3 exhibited PARV-immunoreactivity in cell bodies and dendrites, but very rarely in axon terminals. These neurons displayed the typical light and electron microscopic characteristics of GABAergic non-pyramidal cells. At P10, axon terminals formed typical baskets surrounding the pyramidal cells. The appearance of PARV-immunoreactivity in cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals in CA1 was noticed about 1 to 2 days later. In the fascia dentata, non-granule cells displayed immunoreactivity not before P10. These data indicate a sequential neurochemical and morphological maturation of non-pyramidal neurons that may be related to differences in the maturation of inhibition during hippocampal development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Parvalbumin and calbindin D-28K immunoreactive neurons in area MT of rhesus monkey.

The chemical characteristics of the neurons of the motion sensitive visual area, area MT, remain to be established. We studied the distribution pattern of two calcium binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D28K (CB) in this area, using specific monoclonal antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique. Aldehyde fixed 30-micron-thick cryostat sections from area MT of five animals were processed free floating for immunohistochemical staining. Besides studying the morphological characteristics of PV and CB positive neurons, quantitative analysis was carried out to determine their (1) perikaryal area (Pa) and diameter, (2) numerical densities (NV)/mm3 cortical tissue, (3) absolute number (NC) in a column of cortex under 1 mm2 cortical surface along with (4) layerwise absolute number (NL) under 1 mm2 cortical surface and (5) laminar percentage distribution of immunoreactive (IR) neurons. Quantitative analysis was carried out using a Leica QMC 500 image analysis system connected to a DMRE microscope. The results showed that both types of IR neurons were localized to all cortical layers except layer I. The PV +ve neurons were equidistributed between the supra- and infragranular layers, with the highest percentage being present in layer III (45%) followed by layer V (21%). The CB +ve neurons, on the other hand, were predominantly localized in supragranular layers, with the highest percentage being in layer III (54%) and the next highest percentage in layer II (18%). The average Pa and diameter of PV +ve neurons were found to be 96.90 +/- 28.43 micron 2 and 11.01 +/- 1.61 microns respectively. The CB +ve neurons were significantly smaller in size than the PV +ve neurons, with average Pa and diameter of the former being 92.23 +/- 26.18 micron 2 and 10.39 +/- 1.23 microns respectively. The NV for PV and CB +ve neurons showed ranges of 3157-3894 and 2303-2585, with means of 3347 +/- 285 (+/- SD) and 3436 +/- 100 respectively. The values for NC showed ranges of 5230-5444 and 4020-4268 with means of 5378 +/- 85 and 4167 +/- 95 for PV and CB neurons respectively. Variations in size together with the differential distribution of these neurons in the cortical layers may indicate their involvement in different functional circuitaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Calbindin D28K and parvalbumin gene expression in rat embryonic ventral forebrain grafts.

The present study characterizes expression of calbindin D28K (CB-D28K) and parvalbumin (PV) in ventral forebrain (VFB) grafts placed in the neocortex of adult rats bearing quisqualic acid lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Three to nine months after transplantation surgery, rats were killed for in situ hybridization with probes to CB-D28K or PV and for immunohistochemistry with antibodies to CB-D28K or PV. In addition, an antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was used to characterize the cholinergic component in the graft and an antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to explore catecholaminergic innervation of the graft. Quantitative analysis of CB-D28K and PV messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was based on counts of silver grains generated by emulsion autoradiography. Cells expressing CB-D28K mRNA were significantly larger than such cells in the adult VFB and the mean number of silver grains per cell was significantly greater than to such cells in the adult VFB. The level of CB-D28K mRNA expression as calculated by ratio of silver grains per unit area was also significantly increased. Quantification of PV mRNA showed no significant differences between the cells in the graft and in the adult VFB. In order to begin to interpret these findings, a comparison was made with such cells in the VFB of developing rats. Brain sections were sampled from embryonic day 17 and postnatal days 1, 5, 12, 19 and adult (6-12 months of age). Cells expressing CB-D28K mRNA were detected in ventral forebrain from postnatal day 5 and cells expressing PV mRNA were detected in ventral forebrain from postnatal day 19. In the course of normal development of the ventral forebrain, no CB-D28K cells were found that were as large or expressed such high levels of CB-D28K mRNA as observed in the grafts. We conclude that changes in grafted cells expressing CB-D28K do not reflect an arrest of developmental processes. TH immunohistochemistry revealed lack of catecholaminergic innervation of the graft, whereas adult mediolateral septal cells that express CB-D28K receive such innervation in addition to other neurotransmitter inputs. Imbalance in neurotransmitter inputs to grafted cells expressing CB-D28K is discussed as a possible factor in their increased size and gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Expression of calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin in cerebral cortical dysgenesis induced by administration of ethylnitrosourea to rats at the stage of neurogenesis.

It has been reported that transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea (ENU), which is cytotoxic immediately after administration, to rat fetuses at the neurogenesis stage induces dysgenesis of the cerebral cortex, characterized by neuronal sparseness and architectural irregularity. In the present study, we examined the topographic distribution of neurons containing 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and those containing calbindin D-28k (CaBP) and parvalbumin (PV), most of latter two are considered to be interneurons located in particular layers of the normal cerebral cortex in rats with experimentally induced cerebral cortical dysgenesis. Pregnant Wistar albino rats were given a single transplacental administration of ENU on embryonic day 16, followed 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, or 48 h later by a single intraperitoneal injection of BrdU. The pups were killed 10 weeks after birth. In the normal cerebral cortex, BrdU-immunopositive neurons showed an inside-out pattern according to the time of BrdU injection, whereas in ENU-treated rats the topographic localization of the BrdU-immunopositive neurons was irregular and the inside-out pattern was disrupted. Although the number of CaBP- and PV-immunopositive neurons was lower in ENU-treated animals, no topographic difference was evident between the normal and the dysgenetic cerebral cortices. These findings indicate that the expression of CaBP and PV in the neurons of the rat cerebral cortex is extrinsic, and depends on the position of the neurons rather than on the time of their formation or on genetic control. This suggests the existence of re-regulation of the expression of CaBP and PV in the developing brain, which may be one of the effective mechanisms by which the cerebral cortex can maintain its normal function in spite of cytoarchitectural abnormality.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2002

Parvalbumin-containing neurons mediate the feedforward inhibition of rat rubrospinal neurons.

The calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin and glutamic acid decarboxylase immunohistochemistry were used to locate candidate neurons mediating the inhibition of rat rubral neurons. A group of cells with small to medium-sized cell bodies that reacted positively to both were found in the red nucleus and its immediate vicinity. At the caudal nuclear level, these neurons gathered in the reticular formation, the pararubral area dorsolateral to the nucleus. As the nucleus expanded in size rostrally these neurons started to incorporate into the nucleus at about the anterior half of the middle nucleus and were all located within the rostral nucleus. Since these neurons were spatially segregated from the caudal nucleus we tested their connection by applying anterograde tracer to the pararubral area at the caudal red nuclear level. Labeled fibers with bouton-like swellings were found to enter the caudal nucleus and closely apposed rubrospinal neuronal cell bodies. These findings are consistent with our earlier observation that stimulating the pararubral area elicited a monosynaptic gamma-aminobutyric-acid(A) receptor-mediated inhibition on rubrospinal neurons in brainstem slices. In addition, the present study also shows that these inhibitory neurons remained unaltered in rats subjected to unilateral upper cervical rubrospinal tractotomy, suggesting that the reduction of pararubral stimulus-induced inhibition on rubrospinal neurons following spinal axonal injury resulted from causes other than the loss of these inhibitory neurons. In the rats, sensorimotor cortical fibers are known to reach the rostral red nucleus and the pararubral area but not the caudal nucleus. This prompted us to propose that neocortical inputs inhibit rubrospinal neurons through the activation of these PV-containing neurons. The proposed feedforward inhibitory circuit enables the cerebral cortex to disynaptically modulate the rubrospinal control over flexor motor execution.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Parvalbumin and GABA in the developing somatosensory thalamus of the rat: an immunocytochemical ultrastructural correlation.

The calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) is widely distributed in the mammalian nervous system and its relationship with GABAergic neurons differs within thalamic nuclei and animal species. In the rat somatosensory thalamus PV immunoreactive (ir) neurons were found only in the GABAergic reticular thalamic nucleus (RT), while a dense PVir neuropil is present in the ventrobasal complex (VB). In this study the distribution and relationship of PV and GABA were investigated in RT and VB during postnatal development at electron microscopic level. The pre-embedding immunoperoxidase detection of PV was combined with the post-embedding immunogold localization of GABA. In RT, at all developmental ages, neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and rare axonal terminals were both PVir and GABAir. In VB during the first postnatal week several small vesicle-containing profiles were double-labelled and some of them were identifiable as synaptic terminals. From postnatal day 7 (P7) to P9 the medial part of VB was more intensely PVir than the lateral one and some differences in the sequence of maturation of PVir terminals were noted between these two VB subdivisions. Single-labelled PVir profiles were first observed at P8, whereas single-labelled PVir terminals appeared at P12 and at P15 they became more frequent and larger, showing the typical morphology of ascending afferents described in adult VB. These results demonstrate the late expression of PV and acquisition of adult morphology in ascending terminals of rat VB during postnatal development in comparison with the innervation arising from the GABAergic RT.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

AII amacrine neurons of the rat retina show diurnal and circadian rhythms of parvalbumin immunoreactivity.

We investigated parvalbumin immunoreactivity (PA-IR) in the retinas of rats maintained on a 12:12 h light:dark cycle, or after being placed in constant darkness for 24-72 h. Retinas were harvested at zeitgeber and circadian times 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 h. PA-IR was found primarily in retinal amacrine cells of the AII subtype. In a light/dark cycle, PA-IR showed a clear rhythm, with a low near zeitgeber time (ZT) 10:00 h and a peak near ZT 18:00 h. The ratio of immunofluorescence intensities at these timepoints was >15-fold. When animals were kept in complete darkness for 1-3 days, the rhythm of PA-IR was still preserved, but was progressively reduced in amplitude. The rhythm of PA-IR inferred from immunohistochemical data was confirmed by Western blots. We conclude that PA-IR in the rat retina shows an underlying circadian rhythm that is enhanced by cyclic light. The regulation may involve translocation of the protein between cell compartments and/or new protein synthesis.

Amacrine Cells↗
PubMed2005

Parvalbumin isoforms in zebrafish.

By using an analysis of existing genomic information it is concluded that in zebrafish nine genes encode parvalbumin (PV). These genes possess introns that differ in size and show nucleotide variability but they contain the same number of exons, and for each corresponding exon, the number of nucleotides therein are identical in all the paralogs. This rule also applies to the multiple PV genes of other species e.g. mammals. Each of these genes displays, however, characteristic 5' and 3' UTRs which appear highly conserved between closely related species (so that orthologs among these species can be readily identified) but which show larger numbers of mutations between species that are more distant in evolution. A tree is presented which suggests that the traditional classification of PVs as alpha or beta (based mainly on charge of the protein molecule) is not sustainable. Numbers 1-9 are assigned to the various isoforms to facilitate their identification in future studies. A bifurcation of isoforms into 1 and 4; 2 and 3; 6 and 7; 8 and 9 appears to have occurred simultaneously in more recent time, i.e. perhaps approximately 60 mys ago when primates and rodents branched.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

The calcium binding proteins calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin have specific patterns of expression in the gray matter of cat spinal cord.

Calcium binding proteins (CBPs) regulate intracellular levels of calcium (Ca(2+)) ions. CBPs are particularly interesting from a morphological standpoint, because they are differentially expressed in certain sub-populations of cells in the nervous system of various species of vertebrate animals. However, knowledge on the cellular regulation governing such cell-specific CBP expression is still incomplete. In this work on the L7 segment of the cat spinal cord, we analyzed the localization and morphology of neurons expressing the CBPs calbindin-28 KD (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and calretinin (CR), and co-expressing CB and PV, CB and CR, and PV and CR. Single CBP-positive ((+)) neurons showed specific distributions: (1) CB was present in small neurons localized in laminae I, II, III and X, in small to medium size neurons in laminae III-VI, and in medium to large neurons in laminae VI-VIII; (2) PV was present in small size neurons in laminae III and IV and in medial portions of laminae V and VI, medium neurons and in lamina X at the border with lamina VII, in medium to large neurons in laminae VII and VIII; (3) CR labeling was detected in small size neurons in laminae I, II, III and VIII, in medium to large size neurons in laminae I and III-VII, and in small to medium size neurons in lamina X. Double labeled neurons were a small minority of the CBP(+) cells. Co-expression of CB and PV was seen in 1 to 2% of the CBP(+) cells, and they were detected in the ventral and intermediate portions of lamina VII and in lamina X. Co-localization of CB and CR was present in 0.3% of the cells and these cells were localized in lamina II. Double labeling for PV and CR occurred in 6% of the cells, and the cells were localized in ventral part of lamina VII and in lamina VIII. Overall, these results revealed distinct and reproducible patterns of localization of the neurons expressing single CBPs and co-expressing two of them. Distinct differences of CBP expression between cat and other species are discussed. Possible relations between the cat L7 neurons expressing different CBPs with the neurons previously analyzed in cat and other animals are suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

GABAergic neurons containing the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus.

The distribution of Ca2+-binding protein, parvalbumin (PV), containing neurons and their colocalization with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were studied in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus using immunohistochemistry. PV immunoreactive (PV-I) perikarya were concentrated in the granule cell layer and hilus in the dentate gyrus and in the stratum pyramidale and stratum oriens in the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. They were rare in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, in the stratum radiatum and in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus. PV-I axon terminals were restricted to the granule cell layer, the stratum pyramidale and the immediately adjoining zones of these layers. Almost all PV-I neurons were also GAD immunoreactive (GAD-I), whereas only about 20% of GAD-I neurons also contained PV. The percentages of GAD-I neurons which were also immunoreactive for PV were dependent on the layer in which they were found; i.e. 40-50% in the stratum pyramidale, 20-30% in the dentate granule cell layer and in the stratum oriens of the CA3 and CA1 regions, 15-20% in the hilus and in the stratum lucidum of CA3 region and only 1-4% in the dentate molecular layer and in the stratum radiatum and the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the CA3 and CA1 regions. PV-I neurons are a particular subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampal formation. Based on their morphology and laminar distribution, they probably include basket cells and axo-axonic cells.

Animals↗