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PubMed1997

A multiparametric analysis of occlusal and periodontal jaw reflex characteristics in young adults with normal occlusion.

Periodontal jaw reflex, duration of percussion sounds, tooth mobility, and time-moment analysis of occlusal contacts by the T-scan system was recorded in nine periodontally healthy volunteers. The results showed that (i) reflex responses to the pressure applied to the uppercentageral incisors in the lingolabial direction varied, depending on the background jaw-clenching force (BCF) of the same-sided first molars. The BCF levels to elicit excitatory reflexes were 6-8 Kgf, and inhibitory reflexes were clearly elicited with a BCF of 10 Kgf and beyond. (ii) Duration of percussion sounds via an occlusal sound analyser (4.73-4.84 mS: upper first molars, 4.89-5.00 mS: uppercentageral incisors) and tooth mobility using a 'Periotest' (3.3-3.5: upper first molars, 5.5-5.6: uppercentageral incisors) showed a normal value. (iii) The time moments of occlusal contacts were symmetrical toward the midsagittal axis of the occlusal plane. The centre of the anteroposterior occlusal contacts was located in the first molar regions.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

A multiparametric analysis of occlusal and periodontal jaw reflex characteristics in adult skeletal mandibular protrusion before and after orthognathic surgery.

Periodontal jaw reflex, duration of percussion sounds, tooth mobility, and time-moment analysis of occlusal contacts by the T-scan system were recorded in seven pre-orthognathic surgery patients and six post-orthognathic surgery patients over a 2-year period. The results showed that: (i) reflex response to the pressure applied to the upper right central incisor in the lingolabial direction varied, depending on the background jaw-clenching force (BCF) of the same-sided first molar. The BCF level required to elicit excitatory reflexes was only 0 kgf, and inhibitory reflexes were clearly elicited with a BCF of 1 kgf and beyond before orthognathic surgery. After orthognathic surgery BCF levels required to elicit excitatory reflexes were 0-4 kgf, and inhibitory reflexes were elicited with a BCF of 6 kgf and above; (ii) duration of percussion sounds determined via an occlusal sound analyser decreased in both the upper right central incisor and upper right first molar while tooth mobility measured by 'Periotest(R)' increased in the upper right central incisor, but did not change in the same-sided first molar after orthognathic surgery; (iii) the time moments of occlusal contacts were symmetrical toward the midsagittal axis of the occlusal plane after orthognathic surgery. The centre of the anterioposterior occlusal contacts did not differ between pre- and post-orthognathic surgery groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Periotest for measuring periodontal characteristics--correlation with periodontal bone loss.

The Periotest measures the reaction of the periodontium to a defined percussive force. The percussion is applied to the tooth by an electronically controlled tapping head. Information on structural change is obtained by measurement of both the elastic and viscous characteristics of the periodontium. The latter prevent oscillations of the tooth in the alveolar bone. A value is calculated and is displayed as a "Periotest value". The following research report shows the relation of Periotest values to bone loss. Bone loss was quantitatively determined for 2312 teeth from orthopantomographic radiographs and for 900 teeth exposed to intra-oral films using the standard paralleling technique. A differentiation was made between vertical and horizontal bone loss. Clinical mobility index, pocket depth, gingival recession and papillary hemorrhagic index were also measured. There was a strong association between the Periotest value and bone loss. These results suggest that Periotest evaluation provides an objective indication of the extent of periodontal bone loss.

Adult↗

PubMed1971

Cardiovascular reflex responses to cutaneous and visceral stimuli in spinal man.

1. A study has been made of the effects of pinprick and a cold pack applied to the skin above and below the level of denervation, deep inspiration, squeezing the chest, and bladder percussion in non-bedridden patients with chronic, closed, complete, localized transection of the cervical spinal cord. Variables studied were blood pressure, heart rate, calf blood flow, hand blood flow and occluded vein pressure in the hand and foot.2. Cutaneous stimuli above the lesion, mental arithmetic and noise from gunshot produced no response.3. Pinprick and cold applied below the lesion usually produced an increase in mean arterial pressure, little change in pulse pressure or heart rate, clear decreases in calf and hand blood flow, and occasional venoconstriction.4. Deep inspiration produced an initial rise in blood pressure and heart rate which was sometimes followed by a decrease in one or both. Squeezing the chest usually produced an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate. Both stimuli caused decreases in calf and hand blood flow and venoconstriction, the latter being more common after squeezing the chest.5. Bladder percussion produced contraction of the wall of the bladder and this was regularly associated with increased arterial mean and pulse pressures, a decreased heart rate and calf and hand blood flow, and venoconstriction. The responses occurred whether or not the bladder was full and whether or not a rise of intravesical pressure occurred.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

New mechanical aid to physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis.

The force of impact and frequency of percussion by physiotherapists and parents of children with cystic fibrosis were analysed on a special test rig and incorporated in a prototype percussor. In adult volunteers and cadavers a maximum intrathoracic pressure could be achieved by a critical frequency of mechanical percussion which was higher than that reached by physiotherapists and parents. Consequently the percussor was redesigned to operate at this optimum frequency. It was then discovered that if the percussor was pressed firmly enough against the chest, this maximum intrathoracic pressure could be indicated by quivering of the voice. In a continuing study of intrathoracic pressures obtained mechanically and manually the Salford percussor's produced higher pressures than the physiotherapists' and maintained them constantly, while the physiotherapists' efforts and results varied from one to another. Hospital and domiciliary use of the percussor have shown it to help in the first stage of the physiotherapy routine for patients with cystic fibrosis. The percussor should enable adolescents and adults to treat themselves and encourage twice-daily and more effective chest treatments. It is easy to apply and its speed and efficiency should enable parents to improve the quality of their chest therapy for younger children at home. Its long-term benefits are difficult to assess because of the nature of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Clinical estimation of liver size in the normal neonate.

Clinical estimates of liver size and comparative analysis of the clinical techniques of estimating liver size are not available for neonates. Liver span was determined by a pediatrician and pediatric nurse practitioner, in 100 consecutive normal term neonates at 1 and 3 days of life, using four methods. The most reproducible method in estimating liver size in neonates is either (1) percussion of the upper and lower borders of (2) percussion of the upper border and palpation of the lower border. The clinical estimate of liver size in a healthy term neonate is 5.65 cm, with a 95% confidence limit of 4.25 to 7.00 cm. These values provide a basis for comparison during routine examination.

Female↗

PubMed1989

The history of reflex hammers.

Following the simultaneous description of muscle stretch reflexes by Heinrich Erb and Carl Westphal in 1875, neurologists used direct finger taps or chest percussion hammers to elicit these phenomena. Because of inadequacies of chest percussion hammers for eliciting muscle stretch reflexes, a variety of hammers were developed specifically for this purpose. In 1888, J. Madison Taylor, working for S. Weir Mitchell at the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hospital, designed the first such "reflex hammer." Taylor's hammer had a triangular rubber head and a short, flattened metal handle. Krauss (1894), Berliner (1910), Troemner (1910), Babinski (1912), and Wintle (1925) also designed popular reflex hammers. Many of these hammers and several others are still in use.

Equipment and Supplies↗

PubMed1997

Damping characteristics of teeth with periodontal breakdown: correlation of mobility meter values with bone and attachment loss.

The reaction of the periodontium to a defined percussive force applied in an orofacial direction can be evaluated by a mobility meter. The elastic and viscous characteristics of the periodontium are evaluated by the device from the contact time between tapping head and the tooth, and reported as a numeric value called the PTV. In this study, the relation between PTVs and bone loss (BL), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque and gingival indices were evaluated in 35 patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease. The effects of gender, smoking, and initial periodontal therapy on PTVs were also evaluated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine whether the relationship between PTVs with CAL and BL was dependent on tooth type. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to test which of the clinical parameters and bone loss would produce the highest predictive value with PTVs. The effects of gender and smoking on PTVs were examined by analysis of covariance. The changes in clinical parameters and PTVs before and after treatment were evaluated by repeated analysis of variance. PTVs were found to give the highest predictive value with bone loss. However, the correlation was observed to be dependent on the location of the tooth in the jaw and the tooth type. Interproximal and midpoint clinical attachment level measurements showed that PTVs correlated more strongly with the overall support, rather than the support on the direction of the percussive movement. No pronounced differences of PTVs were noted between gender. PTVs of smokers were observed to be higher than non-smokers. There was no significant change of PTVs after the initial phase of periodontal therapy. This cross-sectional study shows that the mobility meter evaluation was primarily related to the amount of bone loss while being significantly affected by the location of the tooth in the jaw. Factors such as severity of gingival and sulcular inflammation, oral hygiene, and gender do not seem to have an effect on PTVs.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

The Effectiveness of Passive Half-Time Interventions on Simulated Second-Half Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players.

The half-time period in soccer provides a potentially important window to implement short-duration interventions aimed at maintaining second-half performance. However, passive rest has been associated with a decline in subsequent physical and technical performance. While re-warm-up strategies are well studied, little is known about the efficacy of technology-based, passive recovery modalities, device-supported interventions that require minimal active movement or physical exertion from the athlete, during half-time intervals. This study examined whether percussive therapy, electrical muscle stimulation, and pneumatic compression can mitigate second-half performance decline in male adolescent soccer players. Forty-three academy-level players (17.5 ± 0.6 years) completed a simulated soccer protocol including the Loughborough Soccer Pass Test (LSPT), repeated 20-meter sprints, and completed Total Quality of Recovery (TQR) assessments before and after half-time. Participants were randomized into one of four intervention groups during the 15-minute half-time interval: Passive Rest (CON), Percussive Therapy (Theragun Pro; TG), EMS (PowerDot; PD), and Pneumatic Compression (RecoveryAir; COMP). Linear mixed-effects models assessed Time × Condition interactions for performance and recovery outcomes. Passive half-time rest led to significant deterioration in technical skill, sprint performance, and perceived recovery (p < .05) for the control group. TG and PD significantly improved technical performance (LSPT scores) compared to the control group (d = 0.65 and 0.72, respectively; p < .01). Furthermore, TG and COMP were effective at maintaining 20-meter sprint times (d = 0.58 and 0.49; p < .01), whereas the control group experienced significant slowing. Perceived recovery (TQR) scores significantly declined in the CON group from First Half to Second Half (16.5 ± 2.2 to 11.1 ± 2.3. However, this decline was significantly attenuated in all intervention groups: TG (17.5 ± 1.9 to 14.2 ± 1.9), PD (17.3 ± 1.9 to 15.1 ± 1.9), and COMP (17.6 ± 1.9 to 15.9 ± 2.0). Short-duration passive interventions during half-time can mitigate performance decline in adolescent soccer players. TG and EMS appear most effective for preserving technical skills, while COMP may support perceived recovery. These findings highlight practical strategies for optimizing in-game performance and inform evidence-based half-time protocols.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Safety and efficacy of the POP technique for restoring patency to occluded PIC catheters.

Peripheral-inserted central catheters (PICCs) offer a successful alternative to peripheral venipuncture for long term medication therapy. When catheters become occluded, the nurse must intervene to avoid delayed or missed treatments. Pharmacological interventions are costly and not without risks. The purpose of this exploratory study was to test a mechanical percussive POP technique to restore patency. Thirty PICC catheters were clotted with human blood and incubated for 8 hours in a 35 degrees saline bath. Using the percussive POP technique, a 10-mL syringe with 1 mL of saline restored patency in 86% of the occluded catheters. The safety and effectiveness of the POP technique in vitro was established.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of fractures by sound].

For the purpose of objective evaluation of the sound diagnosis the authors have generalized an experience of application of four methods of the acoustic diagnosis of bone fractures. There have been compared the efficiency of the auscultatory percussion method, the method of its objectivization by means of measuring devices, the sound diagnosis method, following the pattern of auscultatory percussion and self-sustained oscillation measuring method. There have been noted the high efficiency and up to 98% coincidences with clinico-roentgenologic data in case of application of the sound diagnosis method with the self-sustained oscillation systems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

The clinical diagnosis of splenomegaly.

Assessing for the presence of splenomegaly is an important component of the physical examination. Although several methods of palpation and percussion of the spleen have been described, until recently they have not been validated by noninvasive imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, radionuclide scanning, and computed tomography that offer objective means to assess splenomegaly. We review the literature comparing various physical examination techniques with noninvasive imaging modalities and conclude that palpation and percussion of the spleen are complementary but frequently insensitive and that further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of specific diagnostic methods.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1986

Carpal tunnel syndrome. An evaluation of the provocative diagnostic tests.

In order to evaluate the usefulness of provocative tests (wrist-flexion test, nerve-percussion test, and tourniquet test) in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, the results of provocative testing were evaluated in a group of patients (sixty-seven hands) with electrodiagnostically proved carpal-tunnel syndrome and in a group of fifty control subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of each test were calculated. The wrist-flexion test was found to be the most sensitive while the nerve-percussion test, although least sensitive, was most specific. The tourniquet test was quite insensitive and not very specific, and should not be used as a routine screening test in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗

PubMed1979

How big is the normal liver?

Ultrasonographic determinations of the craniocaudal dimension of the liver in the right midcalvicular line were performed on 96 healthy subjects. These values were compared to those obtained in the same individuals by two techniques of percussion, as well as the values for hepatic dullness predicted for those individuals using a popular nomogram. It was found that the traditional nomogram values, and both techniques of percussion, tended to underestimate this dimension of the liver as determined by ultrasound.

Female↗

PubMed1983

Clinical estimation of liver size in newborn infants.

Liver size was measured in 100 healthy newborn infants of gestational ages 35 to 44 weeks. A mean liver span of 5.9 +/- 0.8 cm was determined in these infants by measuring the distance between the percussed upper and palpated lower liver borders along the midclavicular line. This value correlated well with measurements derived from percussing both borders (r = .8) and correlated poorly with measurements of liver projection below the costal margin (r = .55). The practice of reporting liver projection below the costal margin as a single indicator of liver size should be discouraged.

Gestational Age↗

PubMed1982

Chest physiotherapy: a review.

Postural drainage enhances mucociliary clearance and produces larger sputum volumes than an equivalent control period in disease characterised by excessive tracheobronchial secretions. Postural drainage, percussion and vibration will improve pulmonary function only in patients with large sputum volumes. There is no evidence that sputum yield is increased by the addition of percussion and vibration. From radioaerosol studies effective cough is limited to central airways. Breathing exercises may be of some immediate value in asthma but are without long term advantages and probably do not alter the ventilation of the underlying lung. IPPB probably does not improve delivery of bronchodilators and is of no benefit (and possible harmful) in the long term treatment of chronic bronchitis. Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis not characterised by copious volumes of sputum, uncomplicated pneumonia and routine post-operative states are not indications for chest physiotherapy. The value of regular physiotherapy on ventilation, gas exchange, work of breathing and incidence of infective exacerbations is uncertain but exercise training and rehabilitation of chronic obstructive airways disease improves exercise tolerance and mobility.

Breathing Exercises↗

PubMed1995

Clinical evaluation of oscillating positive expiratory pressure for enhancing expectoration in diseases other than cystic fibrosis.

The benefit of chest physiotherapy in patients with cystic fibrosis has been well documented. However, the benefit of similar rehabilitation in patients with large amounts of sputum who have diagnoses other than cystic fibrosis has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effectiveness of a device advised for home chest physiotherapy in comparison to postural drainage combined with chest percussion in removing secretions in patients with high sputum production due to diseases other than cystic fibrosis. Fourteen in-patients, known to spontaneously produce more than 25 mL sputum.day-1, underwent two sessions each of two treatment modalities in random order. Treatment A consisted of postural drainage and manual chest percussion. Treatment B included breathing through a commercial device claimed to combine oscillating positive expiratory pressure with oscillations of the airflow. Expiratory flows and oxygen saturation were monitored and recorded throughout the study. The amount of sputum produced in the 30 min preceding, during, and in the 60 min after completing each treatment session was recorded, together with the sensation of "chest unpleasantness due to secretions" as assessed by means of a modified visual analogue scale. The mean time that the patients tolerated treatment was not different for A and B (18.7 +/- 5 and 19.3 +/- 5 min, respectively). Sputum significantly increased during both treatment periods and in the same amount for the two modalities (2.9 +/- 2.9 to 10.9 +/- 7.1 and 2.8 +/- 3.1 to 10.1 +/- 10.8 mL for A and B, respectively). Visual analogue scale score significantly decreased at the end of each treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the "knocking" symptom in detecting peptic ulcer in flight personnel].

In order to diagnose peptic ulcer, the "percussion" symptom in the right hypochondrium at the inhalation level was used in the flying personnel, aged 19-45. Peptic ulcer, specifically duodenal ulcer in the acute stage was diagnosed in 75 persons and in the remission stage-in 69 persons. The control group consisted of 29 healthy subjects. The diagnostic importance of this symptom was shown. It was found in 29.3, 14.5 and 3.4% of cases, respectively. In 8 subjects who concealed complaints or showed an atypical development of the disease there was a sharp response to "percussion" that suggested peptic ulcer which was confirmed by X-ray studies.

Adult↗