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PubMed1993

Gun ownership and risk.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1993

Gun ownership and risk.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1991

Latrine ownership as a protective factor in inflammatory trachoma in Egypt.

We investigated the association between inflammatory trachoma in children aged 1-5 and environmental and sociodemographic risk factors in a rural Nile Delta hamlet. Inflammatory trachoma clustered in households, emphasising the child-to-child nature of transmission in the hamlet. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed three factors predicting inflammatory trachoma in children: the absence of a latrine in the household, school-age siblings with inflammatory trachoma, and additional same-age siblings (with or without disease) in the household. In the Egyptian setting the presence of pit latrines in all houses, even when full and unscreened, might result in a reduction in trachoma prevalence in this population from the current 49% to 35%. The construction of pit latrines may offer the simplest and most acceptable environmental method for reducing trachoma in this trachoma endemic area.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Issues surrounding the ownership of private psychiatric hospitals by investor-owned hospital chains.

Investor-owned multihospital chains now operate many of the nation's private psychiatric hospitals. This paper provides data showing the extent of the chains' involvement in these hospitals; it also provides specific information about those firms that own and operate the great majority of the chain-affiliated psychiatric facilities. The substantial growth of the chains during the past 20 years is discussed, particularly from an economic perspective. Several controversial issues concerning investor-owned multihospital chains have arisen, some of which relate to the general concept of hospitals as for-profit enterprises. Other issues relate more specifically to the chains' impact on hospital operations. Finally, the author discusses why the chains will continue to expand in size and in influence.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1991

Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health and behaviour.

A 10-month prospective study was carried out which examined changes in behaviour and health status in 71 adult subjects following the acquisition of a new pet (either dogs or cats). A group of 26 subjects without pets served as a comparison over the same period. Both pet-owning groups reported a highly significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition, and this effect was sustained in dog owners through to 10 months. The pet-acquiring groups also showed improvements in their scores on the 30-item General Health Questionnaire over the first 6 months and, in dog owners, this improvement was maintained until 10 months. In addition, dog owners took considerably more physical exercise while walking their dogs than the other two groups, and this effect continued throughout the period of study. The group without pets exhibited no statistically significant changes in health or behaviour, apart from a small increase in recreational walking. The results provide evidence that pet acquisition may have positive effects on human health and behaviour, and that in some cases these effects are relatively long term.

Adult↗