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PubMed2002

Evaluation of a modified hemimandibulectomy for treatment of oral neoplasms in dogs.

A modified hemimandibulectomy was performed for treatment of oral neoplasms in 21 dogs. Intra- and postoperative evaluations included assessment of procedure difficulty, complications, mastication, cosmesis, and the time interval between surgery and recurrence of the neoplasm or clinical evidence of metastasis. Malignant melanoma was the most common neoplasm treated using this technique. The modified hemimandibulectomy was uncomplicated with minimal intraoperative hemorrhage. Three dogs had difficult mastication at 24-hours following surgery, while 5 dogs had partial wound dehiscence. Wound infection was diagnosed in 1 dog. All owners considered the postoperative outcome to provide acceptable cosmesis. Local neoplasm recurrence was documented in 5 dogs and distant (pulmonary) metastasis was diagnosed in 5 different dogs following surgery. The technical modification described in this study seemed to provide for improved mastication during the acute postoperative period compared with other hemimandibulectomy techniques performed by the authors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Second malignant neoplasms in children: an update from the Late Effects Study Group.

This paper presents an update from the Late Effects Study Group on 292 cases of second malignant neoplasms (SMN) occurring in individuals who were diagnosed with their first neoplasm in childhood. Data are presented regarding the types of first and second neoplasm, the therapy administered, and the predisposing factors. Of the 292 cases (308 SMN), the most common primary was retinoblastoma followed by Hodgkin's disease, soft-tissue sarcomas, and Wilms' tumor. This is not similar to the relative frequency of these cancers in children but rather reflects specific risk factors. Bone sarcomas were the most common SMN among the 208 SMN developing in previously irradiated sites while acute leukemia was the most common SMN unassociated with radiation. Known predisposing conditions to cancer were present in 73 cases; retinoblastoma was the most common of these, followed by neurofibromatosis. There were ten patients with three and three patients with four malignant neoplasms. In 14 patients, the cause of SMN was not suggested by known risk factors as these patients had negative family histories and received no radiation or chemotherapy. We note, therefore, that although most cases of SMN in survivors of childhood cancer can be attributed to radiation, genetic disease, chemotherapy, or combinations of these, unrecognized predisposition or chance may also play a role.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Secondary neoplasms following treatment of malignant germ cell tumors.

PURPOSE: The current study investigates the frequency and outcome of secondary malignancies in patients treated for testicular cancer at Hannover University Medical School between 1970 and 1990. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One thousand twenty-five patients with a median follow-up duration of 61 months (range, 12 to 240) were included in the analysis. Follow-up was complete in 1,018 patients (99%). Histology was seminoma in 324 patients (38.7%) and nonseminomatous germ cell tumor in 624 patients (61.3%). At the time of median follow-up, 814 patients (79.9%) were alive. RESULTS: Fourteen patients developed a secondary neoplasm (cumulative incidence, 1.38%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 2.30); 13 patients had solid tumors and one had secondary lymphoblastic leukemia with a t(4; 11) translocation including band 11q23. None of 224 patients on surveillance strategy (with or without retroperitoneal lymph node dissection [RPLND]) developed a second neoplasm, compared with four of 413 patients (0.97%; 95% CI, 0 to 1.9) after cisplatin-based chemotherapy (not significant) and nine of 332 patients (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.5) after radiotherapy (P = .02). The cumulative incidence of a secondary neoplasia of 1.76% (95% CI, 0.97 to 2.94) in patients treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was significantly higher compared with patients on surveillance protocols (P = .03). Chemotherapy containing standard-dose etoposide did not increase the risk of occurrence of secondary neoplasms. A significantly elevated relative risk of 7.53 (range, 3.4 to 14.3) compared with the male German population was only found for patients treated by radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Compared with patients who have other curable malignant tumors, an incidence of 1.38 of secondary neoplasms after a median follow-up duration of 61 months is low. The highest risk for secondary neoplasia after treatment of testicular cancer is associated with the use of radiotherapy. Following chemotherapy, no significantly elevated risk was observed. In conclusion, the benefits of curative treatment far outweigh the risk of secondary cancer in patients with malignant germ cell tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Management and extended outcome of patients with synchronous bilateral solid renal neoplasms in the absence of von Hippel-Lindau disease.

OBJECTIVE: To gain information regarding long-term follow-up in patients with synchronous bilateral solid renal neoplasms in whom renal-preserving surgery is imperative. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined our surgical experience and the survival outcome, as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis, of 94 patients (64 men and 30 women) who presented to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from 1973 to 1998 with bilateral synchronous solid renal neoplasms in the absence of von Hippel-Lindau disease. Follow-up of these patients ranged from 1 to 25 years, with a mean of 5.86 years and a median of 4.18 years. Tumors were staged according to the TNM classification. Pathologic staging and grading were usually performed on the kidney with the most extensive cancer. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship of grade (1-4), tumor size, and enucleation as opposed to extended (1 cm) partial nephrectomy on overall, cancer-specific, local recurrence-free, and metastasis-free survival. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients (76%) had bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma, and 14 patients (15%) had a unilateral renal cell carcinoma with a contralateral benign solid neoplasm. Nine patients (10%) had bilateral benign solid lesions. Sixty-six patients (70%) underwent a single procedure, whereas 28 (30%) underwent staged surgical procedures. Fifty-one patients (54%) are alive, and 43 (46%) have died. Twenty patients (21%) died of metastatic disease, and 5 (5%) had a local recurrence. Cancer-specific survival of the 85 patients with at least 1 renal cell carcinoma still under observation was 81% (+/- 4.9% SE) and 59% (+/- 8.1% SE) at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and survival to local recurrence was 96% (+/- 2.6% SE) at 5 years and 93% (+/- 3.7% SE) at 10 years with 14 patients still under observation. Grade 3 was a statistically significant factor for metastasis (P < .001). A significant difference in metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival was noted dependent on pathologic T stage (P < .001 and P = .02, respectively), with patients with local pT3 disease having a higher rate of metastasis and cancer-specific death. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor grade was associated with metastasis-free survival (P = .002) and tumor size with cancer-specific survival (P = .04). There was no statistical significance on survival outcome end points according to procedure performed, i.e., enucleation vs extended partial nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Long-term results of renal-preserving procedures for a series of patients with bilateral solid renal neoplasms indicate that grade, stage, and tumor size are significant predictors of outcome. Mean follow-up of over 5 years supports nephron-sparing techniques in selected patients because local recurrence was infrequent compared with distant metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoplasms during the progression of pregnancy.

Restricting this review to dealing with pregnancy and its interaction with neoplasms limits us to the child-bearing years. Neoplasms may appear at all stages of species with true tissues and the incidence of malignancy in pregnancy is estimated to be 1:1,000. Almost 50% of these tumors are cervical cancers, followed by breast cancer, with an incidence of approximately 0.03%. The pregnant woman, in the same person, exhibits controlled growth (the pregnancy) and uncontrolled growth (the malignancy). In younger women, the neoplasms represent early stages of biological development and seem to arise practically from all maternal tissues. Geriatric changes in the neoplastic growth processes are missing. This article encompasses a review of the integration of neoplasms, the maternal body, the fetus and the placenta. The morphological and biochemical integration of the different processes is diversified. Mainly, we would like to address the interaction between pregnancy and common human malignancies like breast, cervix, and melanoma, but we will also review rare neoplastic complications. This way it is possible to treat the combined growth processes as they evolve from the initiated sperm, the ovum and continue via the placental development. These processes lead to the fetus and, in the pathological sense, to childhood complications, though most cases develop only portions of the process.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinol and tocopherol content in primary and metastatic digestive neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Recent trials in digestive-tract cancer have produced conflicting results regarding the protective role of liposoluble vitamins. Accordingly, we have undertaken an extensive appraisal of the behaviour of retinol and tocopherol in both human upper and lower digestive neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects comprised six healthy controls, 10 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, 13 with gastric neoplasms, 12 with colo-rectal neoplasms and 13 with digestive neoplasms and liver metastases. Retinol and tocopherol in the plasma, liver, as well as from secondary malignant nodules of the liver, were determined following a high performance liquid chromatographic technique. RESULTS: The plasma concentration of retinol was significantly reduced only in some neoplastic groups with respect to the non-neoplastic groups. Plasma tocopherol levels remained almost unchanged and, surprisingly, they were higher even in the neoplastic patients and in relation to total serum lipids. There was a sharp decrease in the liver tissue levels of total, mainly esterified, retinol in both cholelithiasis and neoplastic groups; tocopherol, on the other hand, remained more or less unchanged, except in the liver metastatic nodules, where it increased. CONCLUSION: Levels of plasma vitamin and tissue retinol and tocopherol appear to be unpredictable on the basis of the corresponding circulating levels, and this must be taken into account when prescribing dietary and therapeutic regimes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneously diagnosed triple primary neoplasms--a case report].

Reported is a case of 71-year-old man who had triple primary neoplasms that were diagnosed simultaneously on admission. He visited our hospital for examination of an abnormal mass shadow seen in the right lower lobe of his chest in a roentgenogram. That was determined as being a small cell lung cancer. We simultaneously detected that a moderately differentiated tubular gastric adenocarcinoma and an olfactory groove meningioma were overlapped as well. Attention must be paid to multiple primary neoplasms, since some of these malignancies are predicted to overlap and the percentage of overlapped neoplasms is increasing. Care must be taken to avoid mistaking an overlapped tumor for a metastatic one. In 1986, according to the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, 2196 cases that represented 9.4% of all malignancies had overlapped tumors and triple or more overlapped cases amounted to 225 a year. Malignancies in the digestive system, the respiratory system, the urinary tract and in the endocrine system seem to be greatly affected with multiple neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Concentration of selenium and vitamin E in the serum of women with malignant genital neoplasms and their family members].

Lower concentrations of selenium and vitamin E were found in the serum of 50 women with malignant neoplasms of the genitals as compared with the concentrations in 55 healthy women family members of the patients living with them in common households. The degree of concentration decrease of these substances in the serum depended on the location of the tumour, and in cases of cervical neoplasms was 28% for selenium and 12% for vitamin E of the values in controls while in cases of ovarian neoplasms it was 34% and 37% respectively and in endometrial tumours it was 40% and 23% respectively. The third studied group comprised 36 healthy subjects not belonging to the families of the patients. The highest concentrations of selenium and vitamin E were found in the serum in the third group of women. The results suggest that various family factors not analysed in this study affect the concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in the serum of women with malignant neoplasms of genitals and in their family members.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms of the head and neck.

This report analyzed the 7,763 cases treated at T.W.M.C., where radiotherapy has been mainly used, between 1968 and 1984. Of these, 258 cases (3.3%) had multiple primary malignant neoplasms, among which 88 cases involved head and neck cancer. The incidence averaged 1.6% during the first 5 years, but increased to an average of 5.7% during the last 5 years. Among head and neck cancer the incidence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms was 8.5% (88/1,033) and the incidence has been gradually increasing annually. Cancers of the head and neck were frequently combined with another primary lesion in the head and neck area or in the digestive tract, especially esophagus and stomach, followed by one in the both cases. The great majority of cancers in the head and neck occurred as the first cancer at age 60-70. The head and neck region is where the respiratory system and digestive system, including lymphatic organs originate and where the external carcinogenic factors enter into the body. These data suggested that multiple primary malignant neoplasms have been increasing in number and becoming an increasing problem. The possibility of multiple primary malignant neoplasms should not be forgotten in routine cancer related clinical work.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Second genital primary squamous neoplasms in vulvar carcinoma: viral and histopathologic correlates.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vulvar squamous cell carcinomas associated with certain morphologic features and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acids were more likely to be associated with other genital primary squamous neoplasms. METHODS: We surveyed 169 invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlated associated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), invasive growth patterns resembling VIN (intraepithelial-like or basaloid), and the presence of HPV nucleic acids by in situ hybridization with a history of a second primary squamous neoplasm of the genital tract. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (13%) had a history of a second primary. An intraepithelial growth pattern or an associated VIN correlated significantly with HPV, at P = .0005 and P = .007, respectively, and with a second primary, at P = .077 and P = .009, respectively. When HPV-positive, the same histologic variables correlated with a second primary at P = .099 and P = .25, respectively. Compared with cases lacking both these histologic features and HPV, they correlated with multifocal disease at P = .01 and P = .003. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of HPV nucleic acids, tumor growth patterns, and associated VIN are interrelated and confer risk of other genital primary neoplasms in women with vulvar carcinoma. This supports the concept that subsets of vulvar carcinoma may be distinguished not only by morphology and HPV DNA, but also by a distinctly different risk of a second genital primary neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

AgNOR expression in CNS neoplasms.

Silver colloid staining of nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) is used for assessing the proliferative potential of tumours. The present study aimed at evaluating the AgNOR indices in normal and reactive CNS tissue, benign and malignant CNS neoplasms. The study group comprised of tissue from 22 controls and 100 cases (53 benign & 47 malignant neoplasms). The mean AgNOR index of controls was 0.95, benign neoplasms 1.25 and malignant neoplasms 2.12. A statistically significant difference was observed in controls and cases (p < 0.001) and between benign and malignant tumours (p = 0.002). Mean indices for low and high grade astrocytoma also significantly differed (p < 0.001). Using ROC curves cut off values were obtained for differentiation of neoplastic from non neoplastic (AgNOR index 1.10), benign from malignant (AgNOR index 1.75) and low grade (I & II) from anaplastic (Gr III & IV) Astrocytomas (AgNOR index 1.62). A spectrum of gradually increasing AgNOR indices from normal, reactive, benign to low and high grade malignancy indicates the usefulness of this simple technique as a proliferative marker.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1996

Diagnostic and biological implications of mel-CAM expression in mesenchymal neoplasms.

Mel-CAM (previously MUC18) is an integral membrane glycoprotein involved in heterophilic intercellular adhesions. Mel-CAM is expressed specifically in certain normal mesenchymal tissues, including smooth muscle, endothelium, and Schwann cells. As a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Mel-CAM may play a pivotal role in the normal differentiation and functional activity of these tissues. To determine the distribution of Mel-CAM in mesenchymal neoplasms and to investigate its potential role as a factor in tumor progression, we evaluated a spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms by immunohistochemistry using a Mel-CAM-specific polyclonal antibody on formalin-fixed tissues. Mel-CAM positivity was observed in 5 (100%) of 5 leiomyomas, 29 (91%) of 32 leiomyosarcomas, 5 (100%) of 5 hemangiomas, 5 (100%) of 5 angiosarcomas, 3 (100%) of 3 Kaposi's sarcomas, 8 (100%) of 8 schwannomas, 10 (100%) of 10 neurofibromas, 0 (0%) of 8 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 2 (15%) of 13 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 0 (0%) of 8 fibrosarcomas, 0 (0%) of 7 synovial sarcomas, and 0 (0%) of 6 liposarcomas. These results show that Mel-CAM is expressed consistently in neoplasms of smooth muscle and vascular origin, and that immunostaining for Mel-CAM may serve as a useful adjunct in differentiating leiomyosarcomas, angiosarcomas, and Kaposi's sarcomas from other spindle cell neoplasms. Furthermore, the observation that Mel-CAM is expressed consistently in schwannomas and neurofibromas but not in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors implicates Mel-CAM as a potential modulator of malignant transformation in peripheral nerve tumors.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of hypercalcemia and malignant neoplasm.

Hypercalcemia often complicates the course of patients with malignant neoplasms. Since this metabolic derangement is potentially lethal, knowledge of the expected relative incidence of hypercalcemia in various malignant neoplasms is of importance. The incidence of hypercalcemia and malignant neoplasm at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, was reviewed. Of 17,706 admissions (multiple admissions counted once), the overall incidence of hypercalcemia for all disorders was 5.0%; of these, 38.0% (338 patients) had associated neoplasms (99.4% malignant). Primary hyperparathyroidism represented 19.6% of those admitted with hypercalcemia, and nonneoplastic disorders represented 10.7%. Of the 338 patients with hypercalcemia associated with neoplasia, 44.1% had hematologic and 41.4% had solid neoplasms. The relative incidences of hypercalcemia and neoplasia are reported for each of the solid and hematologic neoplasias evaluated.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Incremental angiogenesis assessed by color Doppler ultrasound in the tumorigenesis of ovarian neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: The crucial role of angiogenesis in tumor behaviour has been studied extensively in vitro. The authors assessed the in vivo angiogenesis in ovarian neoplasms by color Doppler ultrasound and waveform analysis. METHODS: The intratumor artery resistance index (RI) of 222 ovarian neoplasms referred for color Doppler ultrasound evaluation was measured, and the corresponding histopathologic diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS: Satisfactory intratumor artery waveforms were obtained at an average of 1.12 sites in 44.7% (68 of 152) of benign tumors and at 6.28 sites in 97.1% (68 of 70) of the malignant group. Great heterogeneity in RI values existed. The RI of the intratumor artery in the benign group during the follicular phase (mean, 0.678) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the luteal phase (mean, 0.414), epithelial ovarian carcinoma (n = 34; mean, 0.402), malignant germ cell tumor (n = 6; mean, 0.413), malignancy metastasized to the ovary (n = 18; mean, 0.357), and other rare malignancies (n = 4; mean, 0.435). The RI of primary ovarian malignancy (n = 41; mean, 0.411) was significantly higher than that of malignancy metastasized to the ovary (P < 0.05). The RI values of epithelium-originated neoplasms showed a significant incremental decrease from benign tumors (n = 48; mean, 0.695) toward borderline malignancy (n = 6; mean, 0.535; P < 0.01), early-stage ovarian carcinoma (n = 10; mean, 0.485; P < 0.01), and, finally, to advanced-stage ovarian malignancies (n = 29; mean, 0.398; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis is a common phenomenon in malignant ovarian neoplasms, but the intensity of neovascularization may depend on individual tumor characteristics. The authors documented the incremental decrease of the resistance index in ovarian neoplasms, which may reflect the increase in angiogenesis intensity as an indication of malignant potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Decreased expression of CD44, alpha-catenin, and deleted colon carcinoma and altered expression of beta-catenin in ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia and carcinoma, as compared with sporadic colon neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: To clarify the cell adhesion status in ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colon neoplasm, expression of cell adhesion molecules were investigated and compared with that of sporadic colon neoplasm. METHODS: A total of 14 low grade dysplasias, 16 high grade dysplasias, and 8 adenocarcinomas associated with UC and 17 sporadic adenomas with mild to moderate dysplasia, 22 adenomas with severe dysplasia, and 15 invasive adenocarcinomas were immunohistochemically examined using monoclonal antibodies against CD44, E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin, and deleted colon carcinoma (DCC). RESULTS: CD44, especially its standard form, and DCC expression was stronger in the sporadic colon neoplasms than in the UC-associated lesions. Although E-cadherin did not show significant differences between the two cases, alpha-catenin was more expressed in sporadic colon adenomas with severe dysplasia and carcinomas than in their UC-associated counterparts. Membranous beta-catenin staining was stronger in UC-associated neoplasms, whereas sporadic lesions had greater cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in cell adhesion molecule expression suggests that UC-associated and sporadic colon neoplasms arise from different pathways of tumorigenesis.

Cadherins↗
PubMed1977

The effect of inflammatory stimuli on the stroma of neoplasms: the involvement of mononuclear phagocytes.

The phlogistic response of the stroma supporting a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma and the ability of animals bearing a neoplasm to mount an inflammatory reaction to non-specific stimuli were investigated. In the unstimulated neoplasm the concentration of macrophages in the stroma was similar to that of normal connective tissue. The mononuclear exudate induced by cotton pellets or glass coverslips implanted in the neoplastic tissue, however, was reduced when compared with that in normal connective tissues at both 7 and 14 days after implantation of these foreign bodies. Since the emigration of radioactively labelled monocytes in both inflamed normal connective tissue and inflamed stromal tissue in the neoplasm proved to be similar, the assumption has been made that neoplastic cells inhibit the local accumulation of the newly emigrated monocytes. This macrophage dispersing effect only occurs in the neoplasm and there is no systemic action. The only systemic effect detected is an anti-inflammatory action which was significant only between the 1st and the 2nd wk after transplantation of the neoplasm into neonatal recipients.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Spontaneous neoplasms in control Wistar rats.

Neoplastic data on 1370 control Wistar rats from 10 carcinogenicity bioassays done between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. Mean percentage survival at 104 weeks was 58% for males and 59% for females. A total of 1857 neoplasms were diagnosed in 466 (68%) male and 582 (85%) female rats; 1390 were benign and 467 were malignant (12% with metastasis). Seventy-four percent of all neoplasms were in endocrine and reproductive systems. Most common neoplasms (affecting more than 7% of either sex) were pituitary adenoma (27.7% males; 55.0% females), mammary fibroadenoma (1.0% males; 25.3% females), mammary adenocarcinoma (1.0% males; 13.1% females), adrenal cortical adenoma (8.3% males; 9.3% females), and endometrial stromal polyp (9.6% females). Fourteen neoplasms affecting 2 to 6% of either sex included adrenal pheochromocytoma, thyroid C cell adenoma, thyroid follicular adenoma, pancreatic islet cell adenoma, lymphoma, histiocytic sarcoma, thymoma, hepatic adenoma, pancreatic acinar adenoma, mammary adenoma, dermal fibroma, astrocytoma, testicular interstitial cell tumor, and ovarian granulosa cell tumor. Remaining neoplasms were seen in less than 2% of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and risk of epithelial ovarian neoplasm.

OBJECTIVE: Gene-environment interactions have been the focus of a number of recent studies of the occurrence of human cancers, and an association between the risk and the CYP1A1*3 polymorphism has been noticed for several cancers. Previous studies suggest that estrogens are involved in the etiology of ovarian cancer. The cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene polymorphism may play role in the development of epithelial ovarian neoplasm by detoxification of polycyclic hydrocarbons and other compounds and the concentration of estrogens and their metabolites. Therefore, we assessed the association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism in patients with epithelial ovarian neoplasm in the Turkish populations through a case-control study. METHODS: Using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method, CYP1A1*3 polymorphism, in exon 7 of the gene, was analyzed in 117 epithelial ovarian neoplasm patients and 202 control subjects. RESULTS: The CYP1A1 Ile/Val genotype significantly increased the risk for patients with epithelial ovarian neoplasm (OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.34-9.76). Furthermore, there were statistical differences in the distribution of CYP1A1 Val/Val genotype among all patients (OR 5.85, 95% CI 2.40-14.25). In other words, the presence of the Val allele significantly increased the risk of epithelial ovarian neoplasm. Among benign tumors, the frequency of Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes was found to be statistically significant with an ORs of 6.01 and 4.38 (95% CI 2.61-13.84 and 1.04-18.38, respectively). In the benign serous ovarian tumors, patients with Ile/Val and Val/Val revealed a 7.2- and 10.5-fold higher risk of having ovarian carcinoma (95% CI 2.22-23.40 and 2.16-51.19), respectively. In the benign mucinous ovarian carcinoma patients, the frequency of Ile/Val was found to be statistically significant with an OR of 5.15 (95% CI 1.75-15.16). However, no patient with Val/Val genotype was observed in this group and no statistical distribution was performed. Among borderline tumors, CYP1A1 Ile/Val genotype significantly increased the risk for patients (OR 5.15, 95% CI 1.75-15.16). However, only one patient was observed with the Val/Val allele and the frequency of this genotype was not found to be statistically different with an OR of 2.50 (95% CI 0.27-22.64). Among ovarian cancer patients, there were statistically differences in the distribution of CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes (OR 5.73, 95% CI 3.04-10.76; and OR 7.42, 95% CI 2.80-19.66), suggesting that patients carrying these genotypes were at increased risk for ovarian carcinoma. In serous carcinoma, patients with CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val revealed a 6.5- and 10-fold higher risk of having ovarian cancer (OR 7.09, 95% CI 3.30-15.22; and OR 8.77, 95% CI 2.83-27.14). In mucinous carcinoma, patients with CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val also revealed a 5.4 and 10.5 times higher risk of having ovarian cancer. There were no statistical significance in the distribution of Val allele among endometroid-type cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data, although based on a small number of subjects, suggest that variant alleles of CYP1A1 gene in ovarian epithelial cells, directly or through other components, may contribute to initiation of ovarian carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗