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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Body composition changes in bodybuilders: a method comparison.

INTRODUCTION: Few studies report on validation of body composition changes using the four-compartment model (4C), and no such studies are available in strength training. Here we present such a validation study for the determination of body fat and fat-free mass changes in bodybuilders, who used exercise and androgenic-anabolic steroids. METHODS: The study was carried out with 27 male bodybuilders in a cross-sectional study. Fifteen of these subjects also participated in an intervention program where body composition changes were measured. The 4C model served as the gold standard. The alternative mechanistic methods were underwater weighing (uww), deuterium dilution (dil), three-compartment model incorporating total body water (3Cw), three-compartment model incorporating bone mineral content (3Cb), and descriptive methods, namely dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), prediction equations based on body mass index (BMI), skinfold measurement, and bioimpedance analyses. RESULTS: From the cross-sectional study, it appeared that biases and errors of most mechanistic methods were small (maximal 0.5% BF and 3.4%BF, respectively; exception 3Cb model). The 3Cw model had the lowest error (0.9%BF). The descriptive methods had small biases (exception BMI) but relatively large errors (range: 5.5-8%). Results on body composition changes (intervention study) were comparable with the results from the cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: Using the 4C model as the standard for determination of body fat and fat-free mass, this study revealed that apart from the prediction equation based on BMI and the 3Cb model, all methods gave acceptable group mean values. When accurate measurements on body composition and/or body composition changes on an individual level are needed, only the 3Cw model could serve as an alternative for the 4C method.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1982

Influence of nandrolondecanoate on the pituitary-gonadal axis in males.

Different anabolic steroids can exercise different effects on the pituitary-gonadal axis in males. During a pilot study regarding the possible beneficial effect of the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate (ND) on bone metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis additional endocrinological parameters were studies. A significant decrease was found in the serum levels of testosterone, androstenedione and FSH and the ratio of testosterone/oestradiol. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of oestrone. The levels of oestradiol, SHBG, LH and cortisol remained unchanged. An inhibitory effect of ND on testicular testosterone secretion is assumed. The decrease in androstenedione levels is explained by the diminished testosterone secretion. The rise in oestrone levels is explained by peripheral aromatizing of ND to oestrogens. The presented findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that sex steroids can act directly on the pituitary resulting in selective FSH and LH secretion. The possible role of the ratio testosterone/oestradiol in controlling gonadotrophin output is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lack of influence of the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate on bone metabolism.

Eleven male patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate and parameters of calcium and bone metabolism were studied. No changes were found in the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus or hydroxyproline in serum and urine (corrected for the creaturia). A significant decrease (P less than 0.01) was observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, but this was attributed to a change in liver enzymes, because the gamma glutamyl transpeptidase fell. Acid phosphatase levels showed an increase, possibly as a result of an effect of nandrolondecanoate on the prostate. No change was found during treatment in the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D. A seasonal fluctuation was observed for 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D, but not for 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. It was concluded that short-term treatment with the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate did not result in changes in parameters of calcium and bone metabolism.

Adult↗