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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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PubMed1997

Hospital nurses' perceptions of patient teaching.

Patient teaching in general hospitals is becoming increasingly important both due to higher patient turnover and the principles of self-care. This study focuses on how hospital nurses describe ideals and realities in teaching adult patients in a general hospital, and how they describe the factors affecting their teaching function. The study has a qualitative approach. Fourteen registered nurses, working in a general hospital, are interviewed. The interviews are semistructured. The four stages adapted from Glaser & Strauss' grounded theory approach are used as a support in the elaboration and the analysis of the data. The study shows that the ideals about patient teaching are rather weakly articulated. The realities are, however, more distinctly described. Empirical findings reveal two different 'teaching processes' articulated by the informants. Both processes are novel and different from the traditional teaching process mentioned in the literature. Which processes the nurses are applying in the clinic seem to depend on the objective and content of the patient teaching. This evidence has so far not been reported in previous studies. Regarding the factors affecting their patient teaching, the nurses emphasize the following three; The nurses' qualifications, training in the teaching function and the organizational setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Abstractions and particulars: learning theory for practice.

Debates continue about the role of nursing theory in nursing and yet it is generally accepted that all knowledge is theoretical and all learning requires abstract theory. This column looks at the interplay between abstract theoretical concepts and particulars from nursing practice and research that are informed by theory and that at the same time expand understanding of the abstract notion. Examples from practice and research highlight the critical role of nursing theory.

Concept Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model of care for childhood cancer survivors that facilitates research.

The majority of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer will achieve long-term survival after contemporary therapy. Consequent to this success are challenges inherent in coordinating lifelong health care for a group predisposed to a variety of cancer-related complications. With increasing numbers of aging adult survivors of childhood cancer, clinicians now face the additional challenge of studying delayed effects of childhood cancer in the context of organ senescence. Clinicians must also address the transition of survivor health care from the pediatric oncology setting to the adult community. Salient issues influencing health care of long-term childhood cancer survivors are summarized, and a model for monitoring late treatment effects used at a pediatric cancer facility is presented. This model is remarkable for its ability to enhance optimal delivery of long-term survivor care, facilitate the transition of survivor care from the pediatric treatment center to community, providers, and support investigations of late cancer-related morbidity and mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a model of interprofessional education.

Interprofessional education among health care professionals has been recommended as a way to improve the quality of services. This paper analyses the results of an evaluative study of a practitioner-led, interprofessional programme for preregistration health care students, the Trust-Based Education and Training Programme, developed by South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust in collaboration with several local universities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

The InterCon network: a program for education partnerships at the University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center.

The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center (UT-Houston) has created programs and activities to address the state's pressing needs in minority education. Through InterCon, a network of universities and K-12 schools, UT-Houston works with its partners to identify competitive candidates in the current pool of minority graduates with bachelor's degrees and to help them--along with their non-minority counterparts--progress in their education. Another objective is to expand the pool of minorities underrepresented in medicine who complete high school and go to college. In 1994 UT-Houston and Prairie View A&M University created a collaborative venture to provide new educational opportunities at UT-Houston for Prairie View's predominantly African American students. A three-track summer internship program--a result of that collaboration--has since been expanded to partnerships with other minority and majority universities throughout Texas. In 1998, for example, 108 undergraduate students from these universities (and 40 other universities nationwide) participated in research, professional, and administrative summer internships at UT-Houston. The InterCon network also has partnerships with K-12 schools. UT-Houston works with inner-city, suburban, and rural school districts to develop education models that can be transferred throughout the state. The partnerships deal with helping to teach basic academic skills and computer literacy, improve science-related instruction, meet demands for health promotion materials and information for school-initiated health and wellness programs, and develop distance-learning paradigms. UT-Houston views InterCon as a program helping Texas institutions to engage and adapt to the socioeconomic factors, demographic changes, and technology explosion that currently challenge public education.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed2002

Performance-based palliative care in the nursing home: closing the gap between "knowing" and "practicing".

This study evaluated the impact of an experiential educational model--combining traditional didactic techniques with applied performance-based methods--on changing nursing home staff attitudes and knowledge about palliative care, and effectuating positive changes in practice outcomes such that the delivery of palliative care is moved "upstream" in the disease/treatment trajectory. Two nursing homes participated.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed2003

A continuing medical education initiative for canadian primary care physicians: the driving and dementia toolkit: a pre- and postevaluation of knowledge, confidence gained, and satisfaction.

This study examined the effect of the Driving and Dementia Toolkit on physician knowledge and confidence gained and the anticipated change in patient assessment and evaluated the extent to which physicians found the material to be useful. Before receiving the driving toolkit, 301 randomly selected primary care physicians received a copy of the pretest questionnaire; 145 responded and met the eligibility criteria. This group was then sent the toolkit, a satisfaction a survey, and a posttest questionnaire. Physicians were faxed the questionnaires (with up to three reminders) and telephoned if necessary. Changes in pre- and posttest results were analyzed using the McNemar test and Wilcoxon signed rank test nonparametric procedures included in SPSS, Version 10.0, and paired-samples t test. Pre- and posttest data were available and could be matched for 86 physicians (59.3%) response. Knowledge and confidence increased significantly (P</=.05) for most of the toolkit content questions. There was also a clear intent on the part of study participants to begin including additional pertinent questions in the patient/caregivers interview when assessing a patient's fitness to drive. On a scale from 1 (low) to 10 (high), overall satisfaction with the toolkit rated an average of 8.4. Use of the toolkit resulted in a clear improvement in physicians' reported knowledge of and confidence in dealing with dementia and driving. Future applications of similar innovative continuing education models can be used for other areas such as disclosure of dementia diagnosis, capacity assessments, or end-of life issues.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Evaluating programs to prevent unintentional trauma in Canada: challenges and directions.

BACKGROUND: Trauma remains the number one cause of death for people under the age of 44 years and consumes a disproportionate amount of resources. This review describes the spectrum of prevention strategies in Canada, current behavior-oriented trauma prevention initiatives, and evaluations of their effectiveness. METHODS: A literature search of English language citations in MEDLINE was carried out by using the word "prevention" in conjunction with any of the words "injury," "accident," "trauma," "fall," "collision," and "traffic." Relevant material from bibliographies was also obtained. A comprehensive compilation of local and national prevention programs in Canada was reviewed. Only programs with reported evaluation data were included. CONCLUSION: Enforcing trauma prevention measures through legislation seems to be the most effective strategy. Educational models have not been adequately evaluated because of methodologic and economic constraints. New prevention initiatives must be supported with more resources and evaluation strategies. Involvement of health care professionals in prevention is encouraged.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An alternative training approach to clinical supervision: 2.

In this, the second of two articles focusing on the issue of training in clinical supervision, the alleged benefits of training students to be supervisees is highlighted. These are: a substantial reduction in training costs and time; a possible standardization of training; the creation of greater equality and intentionality in the working alliance; an increased student awareness and understanding that supervision is for their benefit; the sharing of values, ground rules, terms and aims between the supervisee/supervisor and the organization; a sense of comradeship between peers in a culture that is often described as having a sense of divide and rule; and a greater sense of team cohesion. The development of basic intrapersonal skills (e.g. reflecting on practice, choosing issues, asking for and using help appropriately) in a non-threatening forum is also of great benefit. The authors conclude that an educational model would include both theoretical and experimential components with the theory preceding the clinical supervision experience. Evaluation of this training could be carried out using a methodology similar to that used by Butterworth et al (1997) in evaluating the impact of receiving supervision.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

Influences on parent perceptions of inclusive practices for their children with mental retardation.

Influences on parent perceptions regarding the practice of integrating students with significant cognitive disabilities into general education classrooms were examined. Findings confirmed that perceptions were significantly influenced by characteristics of the parent and the child as well as by factors associated with the child's placement history. Further, factors influencing these perceptions differed according to varying dimensions of inclusion being considered. We argue that the efficacy of any specific type of educational model cannot be determined without a consideration of the complex dynamics involved in the interplay between individual child characteristics, parent and family values, and the perceived role of the school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Can a teaching and learning perspective deepen understanding of the concept of compliance? A theoretical discussion.

Patients' noncompliance is regarded as a major problem in health care and efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms behind compliance and noncompliance. The concept of compliance has been analysed and criticized because of the limited way it defines the roles of patients and health professionals and for being supportive of the authority of health professionals. Attempts have been made to change the paternalistic meaning of the concept of compliance and alternative terms have been introduced. However, there is a lack of studies about the teaching and learning component of compliance. The aim of this theoretical article was to examine the meaning of the concept of compliance as is it used in health care, and relate it to a patient-centred, teaching and learning perspective. It is argued that instead of focusing on noncompliant patient behaviour, it would be more powerful to focus on the way the patients experience and understand and on how to create conditions for developing understanding, as this in turn might influence the behaviour or way of acting. It is suggested that the teaching part of compliance could be carried out by 'to follow and let oneself be followed', which means a teaching and learning situation where the health professional follows the patient, guided by patient experiences, and need for understanding. At the same time it means that following the patient's experiences creates possibilities for the health professional to reason and act in a way that the patient can follow. The concept of 'play' is used when putting 'to follow and let oneself be followed' into effect. To this end, the health professional needs to develop a considered pedagogical standpoint.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model for postpartum smoking resumption prevention for women who stop smoking while pregnant.

Behavior change models and theories have been useful in our efforts to help people stop smoking. However, models that were developed for the general population do not always fit special populations such as pregnant women. Many women stop smoking while pregnant, but most resume smoking after giving birth. To help women who stop smoking while pregnant to stay smoke-free, a model for tailoring a smoking resumption-prevention intervention to the special needs of pregnant and postpartum women is proposed. The intervention begins during pregnancy, continues postpartum, and addresses pregnancy and parenting contextual factors in women's lives. The model is based on motivational theory and includes conducting patient assessments, developing risk profiles, triaging women to different levels of intervention intensity, and matching intervention strategies to women's risk profiles.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing the needs of an ethnic minority diabetic population.

Even if ethnic minority populations in our health community are small in numbers, it is important to identify factors that may affect the quality of the healthcare encounter, such as linguistic needs and health beliefs. Despite increased prevalence and morbidity of diabetes in certain ethnic minority groups, inequalities in health may exist and can be multifactorial in nature. This article looks at the importance of cultural sensitivity, so health professionals can articulate difference, show respect and understand health-related beliefs and values. Individual assessment means that health information can be given that values diversity and is specific to an individual. This article uses social and psychological theory to offer explanations as to how prejudice occurs, and looks at the start of a journey for a diabetes team that cares for a small ethnic minority population.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting health.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1996

Producing videotapes for cancer education: methods and examples.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe a systematic process to produce videotapes for cancer education and research. DATA SOURCES: Published research and education articles, patient and health education models, the National Cancer Institute's health communication model, and personal experiences. DATA SYNTHESIS: Videotapes provide a consistent form of teaching, are a familiar medium to most patients, and can communicate concepts in a realistic and visual manner. To enhance the acceptability, relevancy, and understanding of cancer messages, target-audience assessment and learner verification should be given special attention. Practical aspects of preproduction, production, and post-production phases, including budget considerations, script development, talent/narration, and location scouting, are important factors to address in producing videotapes. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer education videotapes can be developed through the use of a systematic process and by addressing practical aspects of video production. Assessment and inclusion of target audience members throughout the development process help to ensure that content meets learners' needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can produce effective educational videotapes by using a systematic framework to guide their efforts. Attention to practical aspects of production is necessary to create high-quality programs that are effective in terms of time, energy, and money.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed2006

Internet access and use among homeless and indigent drug users in Long Beach, California.

There has been a growing interest in using the Internet to access a variety of populations for prevention education and health care. It is not clear that this is viable for homeless and other marginalized populations. The purpose of this study was to describe Internet access and use among a sample of homeless and indigent drug users. A brief questionnaire was developed to assess computer ownership, use, email, and Internet access and use. Participants were recruited through a community-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention program. 265 participants completed the questionnaire. While 55% had ever used a computer in their lifetime, only 25% had ever owned a computer, 24% had ever had their own email account, 33% had access to a working computer in the last 30 days, 10% had sent or received email in the last 30 days, and 19% had surfed or accessed information on the Internet in the last 30 days. Logistic regression predicting lifetime use of a computer showed predictive factors of having completed high school (Odds Ratio [OR] = 4.5; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.41, 8.38) and number of days used amphetamines in the last 30 days, per 5 days of use (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.27). Inversely related were age, per 5 years of age (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.93) and number of days used marijuana in the last 30 days, per 5 days of use (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.76, 0.99). Very low access and usage suggest that Internet-based public health education models be reexamined for this population. The association with amphetamine use may indicate a facilitating effect of amphetamine by heightening awareness and increasing wakefulness.

Access to Information↗