The patient map as an aid to surgery planning.
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The conjugate analysis of the address map, the density chart and the map of the density field of tetanus morbidity with the soil map has revealed that this morbidity is linked with the properties of the soil. The map of the density field has proved to be most suitable for such analysis. Morbidity is unevenly distributed over the territory. Its highest level is observed in regions with neutral or almost neutral soils. Regions with soils having acidic or alkaline properties are characterized by low morbidity levels. The dependence of morbidity levels on the proportional distribution of soils with different properties has been determined. These data may be used for the prognosis of morbidity on territories with soils differing in their acidic and alkaline properties.
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Richard de Haldingham's world map originates from the years about 1280 and is preserved in the cathedral of Hereford/Hereforshire (England). This map is a curious and in its type an old rare document for the early history of teratology. Richard's map not only reflects the antique view of universe during the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar, but also demonstrates plenty of mythical creatures and human monstrosities. As far as possible these terata (and imaginary monsters) are related to recent wellknown malformations. Their figurative representations are "raised" and idealized; they are situated above all in regions "far away". About it Richard as well as the other antique and medieval authors are tending to generalize (a single observed mis-shapen man becomes in the tradition during long years or centuries to a whole family or tribe of cyclops or nyctalops for instance).
The present study investigated the development of map-reading skills in kindergartners and second graders. The maps were read either inside or outside the space shown on the map, and they were either aligned with the space or rotated 90 degree or 180 degree. The current maps had only 1 landmark to establish the correspondence to the space. These impoverished maps allowed the examination of 2 variables not previously studied: the proximity of the target to the landmark (near vs. far) and the type of landmark (movable vs. fixed). Consistent with previous research, at both grades subjects were able to extract information from the maps to guide search. When the maps were rotated, the younger subjects made "egocentric" errors on the inside reading trials but not on the outside trials. At both grades, most errors preserved the near/far relation to the landmark. Thus, children extracted critical (near/far) information from the maps instead of creating a mental map which was then mentally projected in space.
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The visual spatial localization ability of geodesy and cartography - employers and of the pupils trained for the mentioned profession has been examined. The examination has been based on work duration and the time of its performance. A correlation between the localization ability and the precision of the hand - movements required in everyday work has been proven. The better the movement precision, the more efficient the visual spatial localization. The length of work has not been significant. The test concerned appeared to be highly useful in geodesy for qualifying workers for the posts requiring good hands efficiency.