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PubMed2005

The edible wolf peach.

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History, 18th Century↗

PubMed2006

The death of Izanami, an ancient Japanese goddess: an early report of a case of puerperal fever.

Even in the 21st Century, approximately 60,0000 women die of pregnancy-related causes each year. WHO reported that 98% of these deaths occur in developing countries; the largest gap between rich and poor nations was evident in the maternal mortality levels. In developed countries, massive hemorrhage and thrombo-embolism are the most frequent causes of maternal death, while in developing countries perinatal infection is the leading cause. In the oldest Japanese classic tale, Kojiki, the goddess Izanami no mikoto, one of the creators of Japan, was killed by her last son, Kagutsuchi, a deity of fire who burned his mother's birth canal. We propose that this tale reflects the incidence of local puerperal infection and subsequent sepsis, the greatest health risk to mothers in ancient Japan.

Female↗

PubMed2005

Why Atlas, why not Heracles: reflections on the rheumatoid cervical spine.

Rheumatoid involvement of the 24 joints of the cervical spine leads to prominent changes in the occipito-atlanto-axial area. Eight different subtypes of such changes are recognized, depicted, and defined. The frequencies of these 8 subtypes in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides are tabulated. A central role in these disorders is played by a small-size, heavy-duty fitting piece or adapter, atlas, between the occiput and C2. The history of the fate of Atlas, who led the fight of godlike titans against the new gods of Olympos, is recapitulated. In particular, for a short moment Atlas was released from his heavy physical ordeal by another strongman, the heavy-weight wrestler of his times, Heracles. The reasons for the current nomenclature and answer to the question "Why Atlas, why not Heracles" are provided.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed2006

Danger: hydra in wonderland!

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Allergy and Immunology↗

PubMed2004

The myth of the biotech revolution.

The existence of a medicinal 'biotech revolution' has been widely accepted and promoted by academics, consultants, industry and government. This has generated expectations about significant improvements in the drug discovery process, healthcare and economic development that influence a considerable amount of policy-making. Here we present empirical evidence, from a variety of indicators, that shows that a range of outputs have failed to keep pace with increased research and development spending. Rather than producing revolutionary changes, medicinal biotechnology is following a well-established pattern of slow and incremental technology diffusion. Consequently, many expectations are wildly optimistic and over-estimate the speed and extent of the impact of biotechnology, suggesting that the assumptions underpinning much contemporary policymaking need to be rethought.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2005