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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The influence of exogenous multienzyme preparation and graded levels of digestible lysine in sunflower meal-based diets on the performance of young broiler chicks two weeks posthatching.

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding multienzyme preparation (Rovabio Excel AP, Adisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd., Singapore) at 2 inclusion levels of sunflower meal (SFM; 20 and 30% of the diets) with 3 levels of digestible Lys (0.8, 0.9, and 1.0%) with and without enzyme in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Each diet was offered to 4 replicates of 51 one-day-old straight-run Hubbard broiler chicks (n = 2448) in a practical vegetable-based mash diet having 2,750 kcal of ME/kg and 19% CP during 2 wk posthatching (1 to 14 d of age). Feed formulation was based on digestible amino acids, which were calculated from the CP and DM contents of each ingredient using AminoDat 2 (Degussa Corp., Allendale, NJ). The enzyme used in this study was authenticated by the supplier to have minimum level of endo-1,4-beta xylanase (22,000 visco units/g) and endo-1,3(4)-beta glucanase (2,000 AGL units/g) and was added at the rate of 50 mg/kg of finished diet. No significant effect of enzyme or level of SFM was observed on BW gain (BWG), feed intake, or mortality during the experimental period. The BWG and feed:gain for birds fed on 30% SFM with enzyme were comparable to those fed on 20% SFM without enzyme during 1 to 14 d of age. However, enzyme at 20% SFM depressed the BWG (P <or=0.006) and feed conversion ratio (P <or=0.027). A quadratic (P <or=0.036) response of digestible Lys was noted for BWG, whereas it was linear (P <or=0.001) for feed:gain during 1 to 7 and 1 to 14 d. A level of 1.0% digestible Lys was observed best for BWG and feed:gain. For BWG, 0.8 and 0.9% digestible Lys was comparable when it was used at 30% SFM, along with enzyme. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation during 2 wk posthatching has no remarkable effect when used in SFM-based diets. Moreover, digestible Lys may be lowered to 0.8% during the first week but not less than 1.0% during the second week post-hatching.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients measured with broilers, layers, and roosters.

The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in 7 feed ingredients was determined using broilers, layers, and roosters. The ingredients included 3 cereals (wheat, sorghum, and corn), 3 oilseed meals (canola, cottonseed, and soybean meals), and 1 animal protein meal (meat and bone meal). Dietary protein in the assay diets was supplied solely by the test ingredient. All diets contained 20 g/kg of acid-insoluble ash as an indigestible marker, and each diet was offered ad libitum in mash form to 5 replicate pens of broilers and layers, and 4 replicate pens of roosters. The digestibility coefficients of individual amino acids for wheat, corn, and sorghum were higher (P < 0.05) in broilers than in layers and roosters. The digestibility of most amino acids for corn and sorghum was higher (P < 0.05) in roosters compared with those in layers, whereas the digestibility for wheat in layers and roosters was similar. In general, the digestibility of amino acids in canola meal, cottonseed meal, and meat and bone meal was similar among the 3 classes of chickens. The digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal was higher (P < 0.05) for layers compared with those for broilers and roosters but similar between broilers and roosters. These results suggest that the class of chickens significantly influenced the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in some feed ingredients.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2006

Effects of feeding Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme) culture material containing known levels of fumonisin B1 in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

One hundred fifty 1-d-old quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 2 groups. The 2 groups were designated as controls (CX) and fumonisin-fed birds (FX) with each containing 50 and 100 chicks, respectively. The birds in group CX were maintained on quail mash alone, whereas the birds in group FX were maintained on diets supplemented with 300 ppm of fumonisin B1 from Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme) culture material from 1 d. Quail chicks in both groups were examined daily for clinical signs and mortality. Five randomly selected quail from each group were individually weighed on 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d post-feeding (DPF). After weighing, blood was collected from these birds at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DPF for hematological studies and at 14, 21, and 28 DPF for biochemical studies. Fumonisin B1-fed birds (FX) had ruffled feathers, reduced feed and water intake, poor body growth, and greenish mucus diarrhea with 59% mortality. Nearly 30% of the fumonisin B1-fed birds showed nervous signs during the 4-wk experimental period. From 7 DPF onward, BW in group FX were significantly lower than those in group CX. Fumonisin feeding significantly increased hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, and total leukocyte count. There was also a significant increase in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in the fumonisin-fed group. Fumonisins significantly increased concentrations of total serum protein and albumin on 14 and 21 DPF, serum calcium and cholesterol levels from 14 DPF onward, and creatinine from 21 DPF onward. This study revealed that the addition of F. verticillioides culture material supplying a level of 300 ppm of FB1/kg of diet is highly toxic to quail chicks, resulting in heavy mortality, decreased growth rate, and significant alterations in hemato-biochemical parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Maternal behaviour and socio-economic influences on the bacterial content of infant weaning foods in rural northern Thailand.

The bacterial contamination of infant weaning foods was examined in the context of a longitudinal study of lactation and infant growth, the Chiang Mai Lactation Study. Sixty-two mother-infant pairs were selected by random sampling from a rural area outside the city of Chiang Mai and studied for 48 hours in their homes on six occasions over the first year of life. Data on food hygiene practices and maternal factors were related to the total bacterial count per gram and coliform content of weaning foods. Bottle feeding, premastication, and mashing were significantly related to an increased bacterial content of weaning foods, while boiling foods to make soups, preparing in and feeding from a banana leaf, and using boiled water to prepare foods all reduced their bacterial content. Storage also increased the bacterial contamination in foods and foods were more highly contaminated in the rainy season. Maternal age and education were also related to some feeding practices. By promoting the feeding of traditional, but less contaminated weaning foods, an intervention is put forward which would aim to reduce weaning food contamination and thereby reduce incidence of diarrhoea in this area of Northern Thailand.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Genomic imprinting in mice: its function and mechanism.

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon by which the two parental alleles of a gene are differentially expressed. Although the function of genomic imprinting is not clear, it has been proposed that it evolved in mammals to regulate intrauterine growth. This proposal is consistent with experiments that were designed to reveal the mechanism and impact of genomic imprinting in a region of mouse chromosome 7 that contains four imprinted genes: Mash-2 (a transcription factor) and H19 (a noncoding RNA) are maternally expressed, whereas Insulin-2 (Ins-2) and Insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf-2) are paternally expressed. Two targeted disruptions at the locus were generated in mice; these support the hypothesis that the function of the H19 gene is to set up the imprinting of both Igf-2 and Ins-2. H19 transcription on the maternal chromosome precludes transcription of the other two genes by a mechanism that involves competition for a common set of enhancers. On the paternal chromosome the H19 gene is silenced by DNA methylation, thus permitting the use of enhancers by the other genes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Inhibition of the PDGF receptor by red wine flavonoids provides a molecular explanation for the "French paradox".

The mortality rate from coronary artery disease (CAD) in France is approximately 50% compared to other European countries and the United States ("French paradox"). Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse relationship between moderate wine consumption and CAD mortality. Here, we demonstrate that preincubation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with red wine, but not white wine, inhibits ligand binding and the subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (betaPDGFR), which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. As a consequence, red wine abrogates the ligand-induced recruitment of betaPDGFR-associated signaling molecules (RasGAP, SHP-2, PI3K, PLCgamma), PDGF-dependent downstream events such as Erk activation and induction of immediate early genes, and VSMC proliferation and migration. Wine analysis revealed flavonoids of the catechin family as major constituents of red wine, and these were identified as potent inhibitors of betaPDGFR signaling. Importantly, the concentrations of red wine/catechins shown to inhibit the PDGFR in vitro correlate with the serum levels after red wine consumption in humans. We conclude that nonalcoholic constituents of red wine, which accumulate during the "mash fermentation," inhibit betaPDGFR activation and PDGF-dependent cellular responses in VSMCs. Therefore, catechin-mediated inhibition of betaPDGFR signaling offers a molecular explanation for the "French paradox."

Catechin↗
PubMed2001

Reward-related neuronal activities in basal ganglia of domestic chicks.

We aimed to reveal what is coded in the basal ganglia of domestic chicks. In the water-reinforced 'go' task, chicks learned to peck selectively at a colored bead in order to obtain a drop of water. Out of 38 units obtained, seven showed excitatory activities specifically during the reward period. In the food-reinforced go/no-go task, chicks learned to discriminate two colors to obtain mash food after a delay period. They also learned to ignore another color, which was not associated with a reward. Out of 27 units obtained, four showed excitatory activities during the cue period, specifically when a food reward was anticipated. LPO neurons may code qualities of the obtained rewards, and also chick's anticipation of the forthcoming rewards.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Impact of solid food on plasma arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid status of term infants at 8 months of age.

We studied healthy term infants at 6 and 8 months of age to assess the effect of fat-containing solid foods (mashed veal, chicken, and pork provided in ready-to-feed cans) on plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCP) status. Twenty-one infants were breast-fed and 49 were formula-fed. The fat of the formula contained 16.2% linoleic acid and 2.3% alpha-linolenic acid but no LCPs. The solid-food intake was assessed with a 7-day dietary record. Blood samples were obtained at 6 and 8 months of age, and the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL) were analyzed with capillary gas liquid chromatography. The solid food-derived fat intake was higher in the formula-fed than in the breast-fed group at 6 months, and it increased significantly in both groups (from 0.15 to 0.39 g/kg/day and from 0.24 to 0.43 g/kg/day in breast-fed and formula-fed groups, respectively). The relative plasma concentrations of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) were significantly lower in the formula-fed than in the breast-fed group at both 6 and 8 months. In the formula-fed group at 8 months, the proportion of solid food-derived fat correlated positively with plasma 20:4n-6, and the mean percentage of PL-20:4n-6 were 8.0% (95% confidence interval, 7.4-8.5) and 9.0% (8.3-9.7) in its lowest and highest quartiles, respectively. In the breast-fed group, solid food-derived fat intake had no effect on plasma 20:4n-6. The two groups were similar in that solid-food fat had no effect on plasma PL- or CE-22:6n-3. In conclusion, the introduction of meat containing solid foods to formula-fed infants increases their plasma 20:4n-6, but not to levels found in breast-fed infants. Further studies are needed to establish an optimal fatty acid composition of solid foods during weaning.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant feeding practices of low-income rural mothers.

PURPOSE: To examine infant feeding practices at 1 to 2 months of age and at 4 to 6 months in a rural population of infants at risk for failure to thrive. DESIGN: A descriptive/exploratory study with 52 mothers who were interviewed twice during the infant's first 6 months of life. Mothers were recruited from health care facilities in rural southeastern Kentucky. Mothers participated in two structured interviews about feeding practices conducted in health care clinics or in the home. RESULTS: At birth 52% of mothers chose to use formula, 41.2% chose breastfeeding, and 8% were both breastfeeding and formula feeding. By 1 month, 71% of mothers were formula feeding and only 29% were breastfeeding. At 4 to 6 months postpartum 80% of mothers were formula feeding and 20% were breastfeeding. Mothers with more children, higher family income, and more education were more likely to breastfeed. Almost all mothers began solid foods before the infant was 4 months old. Infants were fed table foods including mashed potatoes and gravy, and beverages such as apple juice, fruit juices, and soda. Mothers relied on health professionals for support for feeding decisions at the first interview; however, they relied more on the grandmother for support at the time of the second interview. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Breastfeeding mothers need additional support to continue breastfeeding beyond the first month. Mothers and grandmothers need education to discourage the practice of early introduction of inappropriate solid foods, including the practice of thickening bottles of formula with cereal. Nutrition teaching should be provided to mothers and grandmothers including how to select high nutrient, lower fat-weaning foods, and limiting infant intake of high-calorie drinks.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2005

Radiolabelling of egg meals for gastric emptying studies: a comparison of 99mTc sulfur and 99mTc stannous colloids.

OBJECTIVES: To establish whether 99mTc stannous (Tc-Sn) colloid is a suitable alternative to 99mTc sulfur (Tc-S) colloid for gastrointestinal studies, we compared the per cent binding to egg solids (%BS) and radiochemical purity (RCP) of both colloids in digesting media. METHODS: Egg white and yolk containing colloids were cooked separately and mashed. Samples of 4-5 g were digested over 2-3 h (37 degrees C) in excess simulated gastric juice (SGJ: 15 ml of 0.1 M HCl and 0.5 g.l-1 pepsin) or water, centrifuged, imaged with a gamma camera and the %BS computed. RCP was determined in aspirates taken from these preparations and from solutions of colloid added directly to SGJ. RESULTS: The %BS in egg white after 3 h in SGJ for both colloids were similar: Tc-Sn, 62+/-8 (n=12); Tc-S, 61+/-6 (n=8), but markedly lower than 95% (the often quoted literature value). Egg yolk was digested more rapidly than egg white: %BS after 2 h in SGJ for Tc-Sn colloid was 55+/-10 (n=5) in the yolk, compared to 77+/-4 (n=5) in the white (P<0.01). The RCP for Tc-S colloid alone in SGJ was >94% over 3 h but for Tc-Sn colloid was as low as 14%. For egg white, the RCP in SGJ was 91-96% for Tc-S and 80-91% for Tc-Sn. For egg yolk the RCPs in SGJ were similar for both colloids (>90%). The RCP in water digesting egg white or yolk containing either colloid was always lower than in the corresponding SGJ aspirates, indicating a leakage of small amounts of non-colloidal 99mTc. CONCLUSIONS: Although 99mTc-Sn almost completely dissociates in SGJ, once cooked in egg it is digested similarly to 99mTc-S. Variations in the size of digesting egg fragments and in SGJ composition can reconcile the lower %BS values obtained with previously reported higher results. 99mTc-Sn colloid cooked in egg appears suitable for gastrointestinal studies.

Eggs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neointima formation after stent implantation in an experimental model of restenosis: polytetrafluoroethylene-covered versus uncovered stainless steel stents.

The aim of the study was to assess whether stents covered with a membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene spanned over the mashes of a sandwich-configured double stent (n = 15) prevent migration of smooth muscle cells through stent spaces, leading to less neointima formation compared with uncovered stainless steel stents (n = 14) in iliac arteries of male Chinchilla Bastard rabbits (n = 18). Lumen stenosis was assessed by quantitative angiography immediately before the animals were killed 5 weeks after stent deployment. Neointima formation was quantified by histomorphometric analysis. There were large regional and individual differences in neointima formation, leading locally to a significantly higher degree of stenosis in covered stents (histologically, 76.0 +/- 13.7 vs. 62.9 +/- 12.9%; angiographically, 33.5 +/- 21.1 vs. 7.8 +/- 8.8%) compared with uncovered stents, though mean neointimal and lumen area values were not significantly different. In conclusion, polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents do not prevent neointima formation compared with uncovered stents. Although the membrane reduces local smooth muscle cell migration, the neointima hyperplasia at the proximal and distal ends of a covered stent stimulates migration along its longitudinal axis. In this stent-restenosis model, regional and individual proliferation processes and not the membrane-covering strut-to-strut distances determine lumen restenosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Gastroesophageal reflux: prevalence in adults older than 28 years after correction of esophageal atresia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)related complications after correction of esophageal atresia (EA). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The association of EA and GER in children is well known. However, little is known about the prevalence of GER and its potential complications in adults who have undergone correction of EA as a child. METHODS: Prospective analysis of the prevalence of GER and its complications over 28 years after correction of EA by means of a questionnaire, esophagogastroscopy, and histologic evaluation of esophageal biopsies. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 38 (95%) of 40 patients. A quarter of the patients had no complaints. Swallowing solid food was a problem for 13 patients (34%), and mashed foods for 2 (5%). Heartburn was experienced by 7 patients (18%), retrosternal pain by 8 (21%). However, none of the patients were using antireflux medication. Twenty-three patients (61%) agreed to undergo esophagogastroscopy, which showed macroscopic Barrett esophagus in 1 patient, which was confirmed by histology. One patient developed complaints of dysphagia at the end of the study. A squamous cell esophageal carcinoma was diagnosed and treated by transthoracic subtotal esophagectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a high incidence of GER-related complications after correction of EA, but it is still very disputable if all EA patients should be screened at an adult age.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1995

Targeted disruption of mammalian hairy and Enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES-1) leads to up-regulation of neural helix-loop-helix factors, premature neurogenesis, and severe neural tube defects.

Mammalian hairy and Enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES-1) encodes a helix-loop-helix (HLH) factor that is thought to act as a negative regulator of neurogenesis. To directly investigate the functions of HES-1 in mammalian embryogenesis, we performed a targeted disruption of the HES-1 locus. Mice homozygous for the mutation exhibited severe neurulation defects and died during gestation or just after birth. In the developing brain of HES-1-null embryos, expression of the neural differentiation factor Mash-1 and other neural HLH factors was up-regulated and postmitotic neurons appeared prematurely. These results suggest that HES-1 normally controls the proper timing of neurogenesis and regulates neural tube morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Tonoplast vesicles of opposite sidedness from soybean hypocotyls by preparative free-flow electrophoresis.

Tonoplast vesicles were purified from a microsomal fraction isolated from etiolated soybean hypocotyls (Glycine max L.) by preparative free-flow electrophoresis. Marker enzyme determinations and immunoblot analysis against the vacuolar-ATPase confirmed the nature and the purity of the isolated membranes. A purified tonoplast fraction also was obtained by consecutive sucrose and glycerol centrifugation which was further resolved into two different populations of vesicles (T(A) and T(B)) by free-flow electrophoresis. The determination of the sidedness of these different vesicles included concanavalin A binding as an imposed label, NADH-ferricyanide oxidoreductase cytochemistry, and ATPase latency. The tonoplast fractions, obtained by consecutive sucrose and glycerol gradient centrifugations, were found to consist of a mixture of two populations of vesicles of opposite sidedness. The least electronegative fraction obtained by free-flow electrophoresis (T(B)) consisted predominantly of cytoplasmic side out tonoplast vesicles while a fraction of greater electronegativity (T(A)) contained the cytoplasmic side in tonoplast vesicles. The relative amounts of each type of vesicle varied with the method of homogenization. Razor blade chopping, Polytron, and Waring Blendor homogenization gave predominantly cytoplasmic side out vesicles, whereas mashing with a mortar and pestle gave nearly equal amounts of the two populations of membrane vesicles of different orientation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

An evaluation of exact and approximate 3-D reconstruction algorithms for a high-resolution, small-animal PET scanner.

MicroPET is a low-cost, high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner designed for imaging small animals. MicroPET operates exclusively without septa, acquiring fully three-dimensional (3-D) data sets. The performance of the projection-reprojection (3DRP), variable axial rebinning (VARB), single slice rebinning (SSRB), and Fourier rebinning (FORE) methods for reconstruction of microPET data were evaluated. The algorithms were compared with respect to resolution, noise variance, and reconstruction time. Results suggested that the 3DRP algorithm gives the best combination of resolution and noise performance in 9 min of reconstruction time on a Sun UltraSparc I workstation. The FORE algorithm provided the most acceptable accelerated method of reconstruction, giving similar resolution performance with a 10%-20% degradation in noise variance in under 2 min. Significant degradation in the axial resolution was measured with the VARB and SSRB methods, offsetting the decrease in reconstruction time achieved with those methods. In-plane angular mashing of the 3-D data before reconstruction led to a 50% reduction in reconstruction time but also introduced unacceptable tangential blurring artifacts. This thorough evaluation of analytical 3-D reconstruction techniques allowed for optimal selection of a reconstruction method for the diverse range of microPET applications.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the contact sensitization of man with simple chemicals. IV. Timing of skin reactivity, lymphokine production, and blastogenesis following rechallenge with dinitrochlorobenzene using an automated microassay.

An automated microassay was adapted to the sutdy of specific in vitro lymphocyte transformation to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) erythrocyte complexes (DNCB-antigen). Studies of culture conditions indicated that in flat-bottomed microtiter culture plates, 0.2ml culturese containing 4x105 leukocytes and a total culture time of 4 or 5 days yeild satisfactory results for the relatively low responses seen with specific antigens such as DNCB-antigen. Culture were incubated for 3 hr with tritiated thymidine and harvested with the Multipe Automated Sample Harvester(MASH II). The effect of DNCB rechallenge on in vitro lymphocte transformation was stuided using this automated microassay. DNCB rechallenge boosted the in vitro response to DNON 25 TO 31 MM Hg; four patients (hypercapnic, group II) at a co2 from 54 to57 mm Hg. AH 8165 0.25 mg/kg (one quarter of the dose required for intubation) was given by rapid central venous injection. Haemodynamic responses were similar in the two groups; these were increase in heart rate ranging from 45 to 60 percent, increases in mean arterial pressure of 17-20 pre cent, and increases in cardiac output of 22-32 per cent. The intensity of neuromusclar blockade of the forearm muscles after AH 8165 was similar in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in recovery rates; roup I patients were 80 per cent recovered in 36.6 min, group II patinets in 47.3 min. It was concluded that the activity of AH 8165 was not influenced by moderate changes in respiratory acid-base status.

Antigens↗
PubMed1976

The effect of meal feeding and of sham-feeding on insulin secretion in dogs.

After feeding intact conscious dogs 1000 g mashed meat, peripheral venous immunoreactive insulin activity (IRI) increases before any enhancement of amino nitrogen concentration. This course of IRI is paralleled by a decrease of free fatty acids. Meal feeding in dogs, whose pancreatic juice is completely diverted from the gut by a fistula, is followed by a similar IRI increase without a distinct enhancement of amino nitrogen. In oesophagus fistula dogs, sham-feeding meat in 9 out of 15 experiments results in a considerable early IRI increase which is correlated with a small but a significant decrease of blood glucose and free fatty acid concentrations. In these tests there was no amino nitrogen alteration either.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of the effects of some extrinsic and intrinsic sugars on dental plaque pH.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some intrinsic and non-milk extrinsic sugars on plaque pH. Three fruits (apple, orange and banana) in three different physical forms (whole, homogenized and juice) were tested. Ten adult volunteers refrained from brushing their teeth for 48 hours and did not eat or drink for at least 2 1/2 hours before each test. Measurements of plaque pH were made at baseline to determine the resting plaque pH and at time intervals of 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 and 27 minutes following a 1-minute rinse/chew of each test fruit. A pooled sample of plaque was removed from the buccal surfaces of six teeth representing all four quadrants of the mouth and thoroughly mixed with 20 microliters of distilled water. Plaque pH was determined using a micro-glass combination electrode. Data were compared with plaque pH changes resulting from rinsing with 10% sucrose solution. Analysis of pH minima and 'area under baseline pH', using ANOVA and multiple Turkey tests, indicated that there was no significant difference in any of the parameters between the different forms of preparation within one fruit, except for the minimum pH of whole orange and orange juice (P < 0.05). The results showed that homogenization of the fruits had little effect on acidogenicity even though the intrinsic sugars had been converted to extrinsic sugars. Both whole and mashed banana were of similar acidogenicity to 10% sucrose. Therefore it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the acidogenic potential between intrinsic sugars and extrinsic sugars derived from fruits.

Adult↗