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PubMed2001

Health in the Huxleyan tropical island of Pala.

Huxley's Island: a novel (1962) is a parable on "realistic idealism"--set in an imaginary island situated in the Indian ocean between Sri Lanka and Sumatra, called Pala. The characters in the story include a doctor, a nurse and several patients. The general importance of health as a basic human need is well recognised. Vis medicatrix naturae, the natural healing powers of the body, are taken account of, along with psychotherapy and drugs. Prevention of illness is emphasised and doctors get paid for keeping people well. Since health and illness are influenced by a multitude of factors, "we attack on all the fronts at once ... from diet to auto-suggestion, from negative ions to medication".

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

["Enmeshed in stories". The story concept as experiential practice of arms moriendi].

The way we deal with death and dying in the world of high-tech medicine has shifted from interpretation to action. One's own dying has become professionalized and delegated to doctors. Against this backdrop, what does the "story concept" proposed by D. Ritschl provide us in terms of rehabilitating the art of dying or "Ars Moriendi"? Can it be considered a category for reflection about death and dying?

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pearl S. Buck, Literature Nobel Price, and phenylketonuria: a moving relationship].

Art and Medicine, in some occasions have singular contact points. An example of this is the life of the North American writer Pearl S. Buck, a Litterature Nobel Prize winner in 1938, and her relation with phenylketonuria and mental retardation. The present paper is a biographical sketch of this brilliant writer, whose only daughter had phenylketonuria, an inborn error of metabolism of low frequency. If this disease is not treated, it may cause mental retardation. At the same time, we point out some of the highlights of the discovery of this disorder in Norway in 1934, and the description of its first treatment in 1953. At the present time, the mental retardation that this disease causes, can be prevented by means of the neonatal screening.

Female↗
PubMed2002

[The turn of the screw: complex visual hallucinations in the Henry James' novel].

The turn of the screw is one of the most celebrated stories by Henry James. It is also a top writing within the so-called fantastic literature, whose narrative strength comes from the intermittent visions suffered by the main character. The vividness and dramatic content that represent the firstly unidentified human figures, that moreover recur as brief, stereotyped and fragmentary images, are constitutive of complex visual hallucinations. These characteristics, alongside acute premonitory symptoms such as emotional changes (fear, anxiety) or altered thinking (forced, "dejà vu", "jamais vu"), and the final altered awareness or loss of consciousness, allow us to infer an epileptic nature of the ten episodes described. Postictal psychosis, that follows a lucid interval and may last up to the several weeks encompassed by the story, would account for the paranoia featured, in the setting of a temporal lobe epilepsy. The accurate descriptions prompted us to search for autobiographical, scientific or literary influences: The alcoholism and visual hallucinations suffered by his father, the knowledge on hallucinations provided by his brother Williams on his paramount and former The Principles of Psychology, and an early devotion to Poe's writings, an epileptic himself with excellent descriptions of seizures in his writings, might have enabled the author to perform his story with such a hallmark of neurological details.

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The process of "sense-making" in nursing and in literature. Research and analysis of health care situations in several works of Russian authors of the 19th century].

In this article the authors examine an aspect that is seldom considered in the contemporary nursing research in Italy. Beside the well-known process of "decision-making" happens, in every relief situation, a process of "sense-making". This process, more or less shared by the various protagonists involved, is similar to what happens in artistic experience. Object of this research is to show the process of "sense-making" through a critical analysis of some famous works of russian literature of the late nineteenth century: Lev Nikolaevic Tolstoj, The death of Ivan Il'ic' and The stories of Sebastopol; Fedor Michajlovic Dostoevsky, The idiot; Michail Afanas'evic Bulgakov, Morphine. The similes between literature and nursing in the analysis of the process of "sense-making" will suggest, at last, some general reflections for our matter: moreover the hermeneutic comprehension of the other and the constructivist approach in the use of nursing theories.

History of Nursing↗
PubMed2002

Physicians as detectives in detective fiction of the 20th century.

BACKGROUND: Surprisingly few detectives are physicians in 20th-century detective fiction. METHODS: Potential books with physician-detective characters were located by pursuing all mentions of characters referred to as 'Doctor" in any of several reference materials pertaining to mystery and detective fiction. RESULTS: As a result of the search, 53 authors whose detective characters are physicians were found. Examination of novels by these authors revealed that early in the 20th century, physicians applied their own specialized scientific knowledge to detection. Mid-century physicians worked by intuition. In the 1990s, science returned to detective fiction in the form of standard forensic procedure, and the level of violence dramatically increased. CONCLUSION: The relation between science and violence at the end of the 20th century may not be accidental.

Crime↗
PubMed2003

Nobel Prize winners for literature as palliative for scientific English.

Plagiarism causes a serious concern in scientific literature. I distinguish two types of plagiarism. What is routinely highlighted and discussed is the reprehensible type of stealing another author's ideas and words. This type I categorize as "heterotrophic" plagiarism. A more prevalent and less-discussed type of plagiarism is the verbatim use of same sentences repetitively by authors in their publications. This I categorize as "autotrophic" plagiarism. Though harmless per se, autotrophic plagiarism is equally taxing on the readers. The occurrence of autotrophic plagiarism is mainly caused by the lack of proficiency in the current lingua franca of science, ie, English. The writings of 22 Nobel literature laureates who wrote in English, especially their travelogues, essays, and letters to the press can be used for benefit of improving one's own vocabulary and writing skills and style. I suggest the writings of three literati--Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, and Ernest Hemingway--as palliatives for autotrophic plagiarism in scientific publishing.

History, 20th Century↗