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PubMed1977

[Anatomy and physiology of the muscles and median frenum of the upper lip. Initial results of selective electromyography].

Usually when reference is made to the Orbicularis oris muscle of the upper lip only the horizontal bands of muscle are mentioned. This muscle also comprises oblique fibres (Orbicularis externus) that are of very great importance in lip movements. The balance of the lip derives from the activity of the two types of muscle fibers. The lip can thus perform, at the same time, a movement of compression of the underlying structures and projection movements whereby these structures are freed. These different modes of action are well demonstrated by selective electromyography. There is also, in the middle of the upper lip, a medial cellulo-fibrous septum forming a prolongation of the septum and penetrating into the median interincisive suture and ending at the frenulum of the upper lip. This medial septum seems to play a very important physiological role in the growth of the premaxilla.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1988

Tooth maturation in cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.

The relation between chronologic age and the development of permanent teeth in patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both was investigated according to the method described by Demirjian et al (1973). The patients were divided into three groups: (1) those with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), (2) those with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and (3) those with cleft palate only (CP). Panoramic radiographs of 107 Caucasian children (66 boys and 41 girls) aged 4 to 12 years were evaluated. The degree of maturation of each of the permanent teeth on the left side of the mandible was determined, and a dental maturation score was computed for each child. The scores were compared with those obtained in a previous study of dental maturation in Caucasian children without cleft from the Chicago area (Loevy, 1983). Evaluation of the data demonstrated that there was no significant difference in dental maturity between girls with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both and with the sample of those free from cleft. There was a significant difference in dental maturity in boys when all cleft groups were evaluated together. There was no significant difference from the normal sample in boys with bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate or with cleft palate alone, but there was a highly significant difference from the normal sample in the group of boys with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous cleft lip and palate repair: an experimental study in beagles.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that simultaneous lip and palate repair results in more severe craniofacial growth aberrations than lip repair or palate repair performed separately. Seventy-six purebred beagles were divided into five groups. Two of these groups were controls (unoperated and unrepaired animals); the three remaining groups were experimental (in one group only the lip was repaired, in another only the palate was repaired, and in the last the lip and palate were repaired simultaneously). Cephalometric measurements were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. In multivariate analysis, stepwise multiple regression and discrimination were applied to precisely assess the effects of the various surgical procedures. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous lip and palate repair results in more severe craniofacial growth aberrations than lip repair or palate repair performed separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cephalometric comparisons of individuals from India and Mexico with unoperated cleft lip and palate.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether the presence of unoperated clefts of the lip and alveolus or cleft lip and palate have similar effects on the dentofacial relationships of individuals with different racial backgrounds. Nineteen individuals from India and eighteen from Mexico with either unoperated unilateral cleft lip and alveolus or unilateral cleft lip and palate were examined cephalometrically and compared to matched normal individuals. The first step in the data analysis was to compare the normal subjects in the Indian and Mexican samples. Because many statistically significant differences were found between the normal groups, each measure for each patient with a cleft was expressed as a percentage of the mean value for the matched normal group. These relative values for the different measures were then entered into analyses of variance to compare the Indian and Mexican groups with clefts. Subgroups with cleft lip and alveolus were analyzed separately from subgroups with cleft lip and palate. Few group comparisons based on the relative measures were statistically significant, thus suggesting that there was a great similarity in the dentofacial relationships of unoperated individuals with the same cleft type. If the present results are further substantiated by future studies, these findings should enable investigators to pool data on unoperated individuals from various sources. Such an approach can lead to a better understanding of the differences between the various cleft types while eliminating the masking effect of surgical or orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Craniofacial morphology in twins discordant for cleft lip and/or palate.

The craniofacial structure in 44 pairs of like-sexed twins discordant for cleft of the lip and/or palate was investigated using lateral cephalometric radiographs. While only a slight rotation of the mandible was evident in the twins having cleft lip, more extensive rotation of the mandible was found in the twins discordant for unilateral cleft lip and palate. Larger, though generally non-significant, changes were recorded for the twins affected with bilateral cleft lip and palate. In the twins discordant for cleft palate only, statistically significant differences were found for maxillary length, mandibular corpus length, cranial base flexure (Ar-S-Na), horizontal and vertical positioning of the posterior maxilla, mandibular plane angle, and gonial angle. Although the effect of sex on the within twin differences was not statistically significant, the effects of age, zygosity, and cleft type were. It is suggested that there is an increasing degree of dysmorphism, with increasing severity of clefting from cleft lip only to bilateral cleft lip palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The incidence of cleft lip and palate in Nigeria.

The author examined 21,624 consecutive infants born at The University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from 1976 to 1980. There were eight cases of clefts of the lip or palate or both giving an incidence of one in 2,703 live births. A retrospective analysis of 360 cleft lip and palate patients during the same period showed a distribution which is at variance with other reported series. The frequency of cleft lip only was 49%, of cleft palate only was 19%, and of cleft lip and palate was 32%. Right and left-sided lip clefts occurred in equal proportions, although in complete clefts, left-sided lesions tended to predominate. A very slight male preponderance in cleft lip only was found, but there were an equal number of males and females in the other two groups. The proportion of adults with unoperated clefts was high. Associated congenital abnormalities occurred in 18% of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The prevalence and risk factors of cleft lip and cleft palate in 2 hospitals in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the prevalence of the cleft lip and palate and its association with some risking factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational and analytic study, of 44 newborn infants with cleft lip and palate and their controls, in 33,461 consecutive births, with 20 weeks or more, and birth weight more than 500 g, since November of 1988 to June of 1991. The information were obtained from the database of the Congenital External Malformation Register, done by the University of Guadalajara, in four hospitals. The prevalence of the cleft lip and palate was calculated. Of the variables studied their association was searched with congenital malformation in 2 x 2 tables, calculating, its chi square, confidence interval, and old ratio. RESULTS: The prevalence of the cleft lip and palate was of 13.2 x 10,000 births. By categories: cleft lip 2.7 x 10,000, cleft lip and palate 7.8 x 10,000 and cleft palate 2.7 x 10,000. The only statistics differences with control group were the association with antecedent of other malformation in the family and methrorrague during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The found prevalence is similar to the one informed in the literature, with some differences by categories. The association with antecedent of another malformation in the family, support the role of the hereditary role in the multifactorial etiology.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lip carcinoma. Various therapeutic options].

Lip carcinoma is a relatively unique malignant disease because the lip is a junctional structure. The lip is bounded externally by the facial skin and it is in continuity with the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity. The lymphatic drainage of the upper and lower lips is primarily directed to the mandibular group of lymph nodes. To a lesser extent, drainage may go to submental intraparotid, or internal jugular lymph nodes. Lip carcinoma is almost exclusively a squamous cell carcinoma, the major etiologic factor being prolonged iar exposure. Treatment for lip carcinoma is usually surgical, in the form of full-tickness excision. Neck dissection is also performed when clinically palpable lymph nodes are present.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Median cleft lip with associated midline sinuses.

Midline upper lip sinuses alone are rare entitities, with less than 25 cases reported previously. Midline upper lip sinuses with associated cleft lip are even more rare. A patient report of median cleft lip with associated upper lip sinuses in a 16-year-old boy is presented. Controversy exists as to whether these abnormalities are related. This report demonstrates the plausibility of a cause-and-effect relationship between midline clefts and sinuses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Posterior lip sclerectomy vs trabeculectomy in West Indian blacks.

Surgical treatment in a West Indian black population with primary open angle glaucoma was randomized to full-thickness posterior lip sclerectomies or partial-thickness trabeculectomies. Forty-five posterior lip sclerectomies and 35 trabeculectomies were performed. With a mean follow-up period of 28.3 months, the eyes with posterior lip sclerectomies had lower intraocular pressures, reduced glaucoma medication requirements, and less failures. Decline of visual acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups, but early visual acuity loss due to accelerated cataract formation was noted more frequently with posterior lip sclerectomies. The incidence of flat anterior chambers also did not differ significantly, but shallow anterior chambers were more frequent and persisted for a longer time with posterior lip sclerectomies. Other complications were more frequent with posterior lip sclerectomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of a new antigen expressed by B and myeloid lineage cells identified by the monoclonal antibody LIP-6.

The LIP-6 MAb was produced against the undifferentiated cell line bh2-1 and recognizes an antigen expressed on all pre-B and B cell lines tested and some myeloid lineage lines. FACS analysis of normal tissues showed that LIP-6 is expressed on B lineage cells at all stages of differentiation, from bone marrow pre-B to plasma cells. T cells and thymocytes are LIP-6-, and splenic CD11b+ cells are heterogeneous for LIP-6 expression. The LIP-6 MAb was shown to precipitate a major 75-kDa and a minor 85-kDa protein under reducing conditions and a large protein of > 240 kDa under nonreducing conditions. Removal of N-linked sugars from the reduced lysates resulted in a single 65-kDa protein, suggesting that there is differential glycosylation of a single 65-kDa protein that forms disulfide-linked multimers. Finally, the LIP-6 antigen was shown not to be linked to the cell surface via a GPI linkage.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Radiographic resolution of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): not a sign of clinical deterioration.

BACKGROUND: The literature and anecdotal evidence associate the resolution of radiographic findings of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) with a decline in immune and clinical status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. OBJECTIVE: As our clinical impression was the opposite, we sought to elucidate this contradiction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 52 pediatric patients infected with the HIV currently being followed at our institution, 20 (38.5%) carried the diagnosis of LIP and 13 (65%) of these have had complete resolution of radiographic findings of LIP. We retrospectively reviewed the chest radiographs, CD4 counts, and clinical history of these 13 patients. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients who had resolution of radiographic findings, 11 (84.6%) had no significant change in CD4 count at the time of resolution and remained clinically stable during a mean follow-up period of 32 months. Two patients (15.3%) developed severe CD4 lymphocytopenia at the time of resolution of LIP, but clinically remained stable. None of these 13 patients had a recurrence of LIP, even with subsequent increases in CD4 count. CONCLUSION: We suggest that in contradiction to previously published data, resolution of LIP on chest radiographs is not an indicator for poor prognosis for the HIV-infected pediatric patient.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed2004

Regulation of LIP level and ROS formation through interaction of H-ferritin with G-CSF receptor.

A variety of hematopoietic factors including granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3) and thrombopoietin (TPO) induce a rapid increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induces the activation of many signaling molecules, including Shc, Lck, syk, PKC, MAPK, STAT3, through inhibition of protein phosphatase. Each growth factor has a specific cell-surface receptor, which activates both unique and shared signal transduction pathways. The processes of signal transduction linking cell-surface receptor to the formation of intracellular ROS have not been elucidated fully. Ferritins are composed of two subunit types, H and L, and made of 24 subunits that sequester up to 4500 atoms of iron. When the stored iron atoms are released from H-ferritin, through iron-catalyzed reaction, they have the capacity to promote the formation of ROS. Here, the interaction of G-CSFR and H-ferritin was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid screen, mammalian two-hybrid assays, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down experiments and immunoprecipitation studies in vitro and in vivo. Additional immunofluorescence assay showed that the two proteins colocalized along the plasma membrane and partly in the cytoplasm. The binding site for H-ferritin was demonstrated to locate to the box3 motif on the C-terminal region of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR). Furthermore, we found the interaction of full-length G-CSFR with H-ferritin was dissociated at 30 minutes after G-CSF induction and then began to assemble at 45 minutes. The labile iron pool (LIP) is a pool of redox-active iron complexes, which is regulated tightly by the expression of H-ferritin. Experiments showed that the level of LIP increased significantly at 30 minutes after G-CSF stimulation and intracellular ROS formation changed in a pattern similar to LIP response to G-CSF in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. G-CSF-induced changes in the level of LIP and ROS formation could be blocked by pretreatment with iron chelators that repressed the expression of H-ferritin. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by G-CSF was decreased in iron chelator-treated hematopoietic cells. These data suggested that LIP may be released from the dissociated H-ferritin, and then induce intracellular ROS formation in the bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. ROS, acting as a second messenger, might take part in G-CSF receptor signal transduction. So, here, a new G-CSFR-H-ferritin-LIP-ROS pathway is proposed for regulation of intracellular ROS formation in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

3D Proteomics: Structural, Functional, Chemical and Biomarker Discovery Proteomics With LiP-MS.

Protein structural dynamics drive changes in protein function, making the capture of such dynamics essential for interrogating biological systems. Here we review limited proteolysis coupled to mass spectrometry (LiP-MS), a structural and chemical proteomics method that uses changes in susceptibility to protease cleavage to profile proteome-wide protein structural changes within complex biological samples. In the decade since its development, LiP-MS has become a broadly used structural proteomics method, with peptide-level resolution. It has identified drug targets, delineated altered cellular pathways in response to complex perturbations, revealed structural information on otherwise challenging protein targets, and demonstrated the new concept of structural biomarkers of disease. Because LiP-MS simultaneously probes numerous types of molecular events, such as molecular binding, changes in enzyme activity, chemical modifications, allosteric conformational changes, aggregation, and unfolding, it supports a new proteomics workflow which we term 3D proteomics. This workflow enables the detection of specific functional sites within proteins that are altered upon perturbation, thereby guiding the generation of molecular hypotheses. Further, by globally profiling structural in addition to protein abundance changes, LiP-MS has proven able to greatly increase the information content of functional proteomics screens. In sum, LiP-MS has supported the development of a novel conceptual framework for generating, visualizing, and interpreting structural proteomics data with peptide level resolution, thereby comprehensively probing biological systems. Here we survey the applications of LiP-MS, discuss methodological variants developed by us and others, and describe the use of this new type of omics readout for structural, functional, chemical, and biomarker discovery proteomics.

Proteomics↗
PubMed2003

A retrospective analysis of the effect of noncompliance on time to first major adverse cardiac event in LIPS.

BACKGROUND: In the main publication for LIPS (Lescol Intervention Prevention Study), a 22% relative risk (RR) reduction for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was found among those who used fluvastatin after a successful first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis of clinical studies generally provides an observed treatment effect that is likely to underestimate what the treatment effect would be if compliance were perfect, because compliance in a clinical trial is invariably <100% during long-term follow-up. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between compliance and treatment effect in LIPS. METHODS: In LIPS, patients who had undergone a successful first PCI were randomized to receive fluvastatin 40 mg BID or placebo BID for 3 to 5 years. The primary end point was survival time free of MACE (ie, cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or reintervention procedure), and a Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-dependent covariates was used to predict the effect that fluvastatin would have had if trial medication had been continued. Logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing discontinuation of trial medication. RESULTS: A total of 1677 patients were enrolled in LIPS: 844 in the fluvastatin group and 833 in the placebo group. In the fluvastatin group, 294 patients (34.8%) discontinued taking trial medication and 73 (8.6%) switched to another lipid-lowering medication, compared with 353 (42.4%) and 187 (22.4%) patients in the placebo group, respectively. The risk factor-adjusted RR of MACE with fluvastatin treatment was 0.74 (P = 0.004; 95% CI, 0.61-0.91). When also adjusted for noncompliance, the RR for fluvastatin versus placebo was 0.68 (P = 0.002; 95% CI, 0.53-0.86). Discontinuing fluvastatin without switching to another lipid-lowering medication increased the risk of MACE compared with that of patients who stayed on fluvastatin (RR = 2.27; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.60-3.23) and the increase in the risk of MACE was greater than that associated with discontinuing placebo (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: The present study found a 32% RR reduction for experiencing MACE during fluvastatin treatment after a successful PCI in LIPS, when analysis allowed for noncompliance. This suggests that the ITT analysis discussed in the main LIPS publication underestimated the benefit of fluvastatin treatment. Our survival model also provided tentative evidence that discontinuing lipid-lowering medication might lead to a potentially harmful rebound effect in this patient group.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pursed lips breathing improves ventilation in myotonic muscular dystrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of pursed lips breathing on ventilation, chest wall mechanics, and abdominal muscle recruitment in myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD). DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: University hospital pulmonary function laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven subjects with MMD and 13 normal controls. INTERVENTION: Pursed lips breathing. OUTCOME MEASURES: Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the transversus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominis was recorded with simultaneous measures of gastric pressure, abdominal plethysmography, and oxygen saturation. Self-reported sensations of dyspnea, respiratory effort, and fatigue were recorded at the end of each trial. RESULTS: Pursed lips breathing and deep breathing led to increased tidal volume, increased minute ventilation, increased oxygen saturation, reduced respiratory rate, and reduced endexpiratory lung volume. Dyspnea, respiratory effort, and fatigue increased slightly with pursed lips breathing. EMG activity of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles increased in MMD only and was associated with an increase in gastric pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Pursed lips breathing and deep breathing are effective and easily employed strategies that significantly improve tidal volume and oxygen saturation in subjects with MMD. Abdominal muscle recruitment does not explain the ventilatory improvements, but reduced end-expiratory lung volume may increase the elastic recoil of the chest wall. Further clinical studies are needed to ascertain if the ventilatory improvements with pursed lips breathing and deep breathing improve pulmonary outcomes in MMD.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1992

Antibodies recognizing a variety of different structural motifs on meningococcal Lip antigen fail to demonstrate bactericidal activity.

The neisserial Lip antigen is a conserved antigen associated with the pathogenic Neisseria species, and is composed of multiple repeats of a consensus pentapeptide. A series of monoclonal antibodies reacting with meningococcal Lip antigen were subjected to epitope mapping, using solid-phase synthetic peptides based on the consensus repeat sequence. The antibodies were found to recognize different continuous epitopes based on the consensus sequence. One monoclonal antibody was utilized in affinity chromatography to obtain purified Lip antigen and the antigen was used for immunization of mice. The resulting antisera did not recognize Lip antigen on Western blots but reacted specifically with Lip antigen in immune precipitation experiments, indicating that the predominant polyclonal immune response was directed against conformational epitopes. Despite the diversity of both continuous and conformational epitopes recognized by the antibodies produced, none of the antibodies demonstrated the ability to promote complement-mediated bactericidal activity. Thus despite its initial apparent promise as a potential vaccine candidate the case for the inclusion of Lip antigen in vaccine formulation cannot be supported at present.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Defective and plaque-forming lambda transducing bacteriophage carrying penicillin-binding protein-cell shape genes: genetic and physical mapping and identification of gene products from the lip-dacA-rodA-pbpA-leuS region of the Escherichia coli chromosome.

A series of defective lambda transducing phage carrying genes from the lip-leuS region of the Escherichia coli chromosome (min 14 on the current linkage map) has been isolated. The phage defined the gene order as lac---lip-dacA-rodA-pbpA-leuS---gal. These included the structural genes for penicillin-binding protein 2 (pbpA) and penicillin-binding protein 5 (dacA) as well as a previously unidentified cell shape gene that we have called rodA. rodA mutants were spherical and very similar to pbpA mutants but were distinguishable from them in that they had no defects in the activity of penicillin-binding protein 2. The separation into two groups of spherical mutants with mutations that mapped close to lip was confirmed by complementation analysis. The genes dacA, rodA, and pbpA lie within a 12-kilobase region, and represent a cluster of genes involved in cell shape determination and peptidoglycan synthesis. A restriction map of the lip-leuS region was established, and restriction fragments were cloned from defective transducing phage into appropriate lambda vectors to generate plaque-forming phage that carried genes from this region. Analysis of the proteins synthesized from lambda transducing phage in ultraviolet light-irradiated cells of E. coli resulted in the identification of the leuS, pbpA, dacA, and lip gene products, but the product of the rodA gene was not identified. The nine proteins that were synthesized from the lip-leuS region accounted for 57% of its coding capacity. Phage derivatives were constructed that allowed about 50-fold amplification of the levels of penicillin-binding proteins 2 and 5 in the cytoplasmic membrane.

Bacterial Proteins↗