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PubMedDate not supplied

Immunochemical-based method for detection of hazelnut proteins in processed foods.

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect hazelnut by using polyclonal antibodies generated against a protein extract of roasted hazelnut. No cross-reactivity was observed in tests against 39 commodities, including many common allergens, tree nuts, and legumes. Hazelnut protein standard solutions at 0.45 ng/mL [inhibition concentration (IC80) of the competitive test] were clearly identified by the ELISA. An extraction and quantification method was developed and optimized for chocolate, cookies, breakfast cereals, and ice cream, major food commodities likely to be cross-contaminated with undeclared hazelnut during food processing. No sample cleanup was required when extracts were diluted 10-fold. Recovery results were generated with blank matrixes spiked at 4 levels from 1 to 10 microg/g hazelnut protein. With the developed extraction and sample handling procedure, hazelnut proteins were recovered at 64-83% from chocolate and at 78-97% from other matrixes. A confirmatory technique was developed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western transfer. The developed methods were applied to a small market survey of chocolate products and allowed the identification of undeclared hazelnut in these products.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of hand injuries by external fixation.

Thirty-five consecutive applications of external fixation to the hand, including 27 acute cases and 8 reconstructive procedures, were studied. In both settings, external fixation was used not only for skeletal stabilization but also for management of the soft tissues. Twenty of the 22 acute fractures healed, and six arthrodeses with interposition bone grafts resulted in fusion. Three septic nonunions resolved, and two united successfully. There were no complications. We recommend external fixation systems in the hand, and several case reports are included in the study to illustrate the various applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Indirect reduction and tension-band plating of tibial non-union with deformity.

Thirty-three patients who had a maligned non-union of the tibial diaphysis were treated by limited open exposure, indirect reduction with a femoral distractor, tension-band plating, lag-screw fixation, and autogenous bone-grafting. The time from the injury to treatment of the non-union averaged twenty-nine months. Twenty-two of the fractures were originally open and sixteen fractures had had a previous infection before treatment of the non-union. The non-unions were classified as hypertrophic in eight patients, oligotrophic in eighteen, and atrophic in seven. All had severe deformity, or the nature or level of the non-union, or both, precluded intramedullary nailing as a treatment option. All thirty-three non-unions healed at an average of four months; the average length of follow-up was nineteen months. The deformity was corrected, within acceptable limits, in thirty-two of the patients. Full motion of the knee was achieved in twenty-nine patients and of the ankle, in eighteen. Complications included four instances of superficial skin breakdowns, one deep infection, and one fracture of the plate. For non-unions of the tibial diaphysis with deformity that are not amenable to intramedullary nailing, the techniques of limited exposure, indirect reduction, tension-band plating, and bone-grafting can yield excellent anatomical and functional results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Current concepts in the treatment of distal radial fractures.

Surgical indications for the treatment of distal radial fractures are evolving. It is important to identify the various articular fragments and their significance to facilitate optimal surgical treatment of these fragments from the standpoint of both internal and external fixation. New techniques in the visualization and stabilization of the articular surface and the treatment of defects in the metaphysis, including the use of cement to buttress the articular surface, have been brought to the forefront. A treatment algorithm for associated injuries to the distal radioulnar joint is also helpful.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Ununited diaphyseal forearm fractures with segmental defects: plate fixation and autogenous cancellous bone-grafting.

BACKGROUND: With current techniques of plate-and-screw fixation, diaphyseal nonunions of the radius and ulna are unusual. The few reports that have been published have discussed the use of structural corticocancellous bone grafts for the treatment of atrophic nonunions that are associated with osseous defects. We reviewed the rate of union and the functional results in association with the use of plate-and-screw fixation and autogenous cancellous (nonstructural) bone grafts. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with an atrophic ununited diaphyseal fracture of the forearm were treated with 3.5-mm plate-and-screw fixation and autogenous cancellous bone-grafting. A segmental osseous defect with an average size of 2.2 cm (range, 1 to 6 cm) was present in each patient. Twenty of the original fractures had been open. Eleven patients had had treatment of a deep infection before referral to us. The nonunion involved both forearm bones in eight patients, the radius alone in sixteen patients, and the ulna alone in eleven patients. RESULTS: The atrophic nonunion was associated with an open fracture in twenty patients, suboptimal fixation in twenty-two, a fracture-dislocation of the forearm in nine, and infection in eleven. All fractures healed without additional intervention within six months. Two patients had a subsequent Darrach resection of the distal part of the ulna for the treatment of arthrosis of the distal radioulnar joint. After an average duration of follow-up of forty-three months, the final arc of motion averaged 121 degrees in the forearm, 131 degrees at the elbow, and 137 degrees at the wrist, with an average grip strength of 83% compared with that of the contralateral limb. According to the system of Anderson and colleagues, five patients had an excellent result, eighteen had a satisfactory result, eleven had an unsatisfactory result (because of elbow stiffness related to associated elbow injuries in three and because of wrist stiffness in eight), and one had a poor result (because of malunion). CONCLUSIONS: When the soft-tissue envelope is compliant, has limited scar, and consists largely of healthy muscle with a good vascular supply, autogenous cancellous bone-grafting and stable internal plate fixation results in a high rate of union and improved upper limb function in patients with diaphyseal nonunion of the radius and/or ulna.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Posttraumatic radial club hand.

Fifteen adult patients with an unstable ununited fracture of the distal third of the radius and severe radial deviation deformity resembling a radial club hand were retrospectively reviewed at an average of 25 months after operative treatment. There were eight women and seven men with an average age of 57 years (range, 33-79 years). The average duration of nonunion was 56 months (range, 6-252 months). Six patients had a concomitant fracture of the ulna and four had dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Three patients were treated with wrist arthrodesis and 12 with plate fixation and autogenous bone grafting. The distal ulna was excised and used for bone graft in eight patients. Correction of deformity was facilitated by z-lengthening of the brachioradialis and flexor carpal radialis in four patients and distraction histogenesis (llizarov) in two patients. One patient failed to heal the fracture and was treated with wrist arthrodesis. Functional alignment and use of the hand was restored in all patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can commercial peanut assay kits detect peanut allergens?

Peanut is the food group mostly associated with severe and fatal allergic reactions. In the United States, more than 90% of peanut-allergic individuals' serum IgE recognized peanut proteins Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, thus establishing these proteins as major peanut allergens. The amount of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in 3 varieties of peanut cultivars that are commonly processed in the industrialized countries was determined to be 12-16 and 6-9%, respectively. Current commercial peanut test kits use polyclonal peanut-specific antibodies to detect soluble or buffer extractable peanut proteins. Because the 2 major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 are isolated from soluble peanut proteins, it is generally assumed that these commercial kits can detect peanut allergens, although none of these kits claims to detect peanut allergen. This study showed for the first time that the peanut test kits could, in fact, detect major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in both native or heat-denatured structures; therefore, these kits qualified to be classified as peanut allergen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

2S Albumins, Plant↗
PubMed2005

Management of distal humerus fractures.

Fractures of the distal humerus are complex injuries that can be effectively treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORiF). Exposure of a complex intra-articular fracture may best be achieved through a posterior approach with osteotomy of the olecranon process. The ulnar nerve must be identified and protected, the articular surface must be reduced anatomically, and rigid fixation must be applied to both the medial and lateral columns of the distal humerus. Range of motion should be initiated as soon as possible postoperatively. Complications such as ulnar neuropathy, elbow stiffness, heterotopic ossification, and nonunion should be treated aggressively. Total elbow arthroplasty represents an effective option for fractures that cannot be treated with ORIF.

Fracture Fixation, Internal↗
PubMed1991

Tenodesis of the chronically unstable distal ulna.

Treatment of the chronically unstable distal ulna often requires reconstruction using tenodesis techniques. A review of described techniques for distal ulnar stabilization is presented, addressing chronic instability with and without distal radioulnar joint degenerative disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

The elbow.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nonunion of the proximal humerus. A review of 25 cases.

Records of 25 patients with nonunion of the proximal humerus were reviewed retrospectively. The initial fractures included 19 two-part surgical neck fractures and six three-part fractures. Fourteen fractures were treated nonoperatively and 11 surgically. Nine of 11 of the initial internal fixations were unsatisfactory. At the time of fracture 16 patients had one or more significant medical illnesses. Nonunion of the proximal humerus was associated with considerable morbidity. Patients complained of pain, stiffness, and disability in association with shoulder dysfunction. Four treatment groups were evaluated. Patients who declined treatment and patients treated with nonreamed intramedullary nails had limited shoulder motion and pain without union. Patients treated with proximal humeral hemiarthroplasty had relief of pain but limited motion despite rotator cuff reconstruction. The best results of treatment occurred after open reduction with internal fixation and bone grafting. A tension band construction that fixed the rotator cuff and proximal humerus to a plate/shaft composite was used successfully in seven patients. Although satisfactory reconstruction of nonunion of the proximal humerus can be obtained, the results of treatment in this series were only fair. Only 48% (12 of 25 patients) had good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Complex non-union of the humeral diaphysis. Treatment with a medial approach, an anterior plate, and a vascularized fibular graft.

Four obese patients who had atrophic synovial non-union of the humeral shaft were treated with a medial approach, application of a plate anteriorly, a vascularized fibular bone graft, and cancellous grafts from the iliac crest. The average age of the patients was forty years; the average weight, 105 kilograms (232 pounds); and the average duration of the non-union, 33.5 months. Each patient had had one to five unsuccessful previous operations in an attempt to gain union. At an average follow-up of twenty-seven months, all four non-unions had healed. Three patients had regained full function of the shoulder and elbow, and the fourth patient had some limitation of motion of the shoulder due to an antecedent lesion of the rotator cuff. In one patient, a second plate had been applied because of inadequate fixation of the original plate proximally. Another patient had a superficial, partial wound slough, which healed spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

HLA B27 and sacroiliitis in Pima Indians--association in males only.

Since HLA B27 and ankylosing spondylitis are more common in American Indians than other Americans, the association between radiological sacroiliitis (SI) and HLA B27 was examined among the Pima Indians. SI (grade II to IV) was found in 20 per cent of randomly selected Pima adults. B27 was present in 50 per cent of males, but in only nine per cent of females with SI, vs a population frequency of 18 per cent. Among first degree relatives of probands with SI, radiologic changes were found no more frequently than in a randomly selected age matched control series. Uveitis occurred in 18 per cent of the B27 positive subjects, but in only five per cent of the B27 negative subjects (p less than 0.05). B27 was associated with SI and uveitis in Pima males, but no association was demonstrated between B27 and SI in Pima females.

Arthritis↗