Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intestinal Absorption”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Intestinal absorption of fructose in the rat.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in intestinal absorption of fructose. The results indicate that adult rats readily absorbed 0.4 g of fructose, an amount equivalent to 1.4-1.6 g fructose/kg body wt. Acute malabsorption of fructose occurred with doses greater than 0.6 g (2.1-2.4 g/kg body wt). Continued exposure to dietary fructose resulted in a decrease in the evidence of colonic fermentation. Glucose or galactose administered with fructose enhanced the absorption of fructose. The greatest absorption was observed when equal amounts of fructose and glucose were given simultaneously. If glucose was ingested as a polymer (starch or dextrin), the stimulatory effect was dependent on the digestibility of the polymer. Sucrose given with the fructose and glucose diminished the absorption of fructose. Acarbazone, a specific inhibitor of alpha-glucosidases, including sucrase, also inhibited the facilitating effect of glucose and galactose in absorption of fructose. These results give evidence for joint absorption of the two monosaccharides, fructose and glucose.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1981

Intestinal absorption mechanism of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics I: Comparative absorption and evidence for saturable transport of amino-beta-lactam antibiotics by in situ rat small intestine.

The disappearance of various beta-lactam antibiotics from in situ rat small intestinal loops was studied at pH 7.4. For monobasic penicillins, despite the wide variety of apparent partition coefficients in isobutyl alcohol-water, the disappearance from the jejunal loops was almost 30% (+/- 5% SD). On the other hand, the disappearance of amphoteric derivatives of penicillins and cephalosporins having very low lipid solubility varied widely between 12 and 80%. The peak blood levels after intraduodenal administration to the rats correlated well with the extent of disappearance of amphoteric penicillins from the intestinal loops. Absorption studies utilizing in situ intestinal loops were performed at variable dose ranges to yield a clear dose-dependent disappearance. It is suggested that certain carrier-mediated transport systems underlie the absorption mechanism of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prediction of human intestinal absorption using an artificial neural network.

An artificial neural network model is developed to predict percent human intestinal absorption (%FA) of compounds from their molecular structural parameters. These parameters are the polar molecular surface area (PSA), the fraction of polar molecular surface area (FPSA, polar molecular surface area/ molecular surface area), the sum of the net atomic charges of oxygen atoms (Q(O)), the sum of the net atomic charges of nitrogen atoms with net negative atomic charges (Q(N)), the sum of the net atomic charges of hydrogen atoms attached to oxygen or nitrogen atoms (Q(H)), and the number of carboxyls (nCOOH). For a training set of 85 compounds anda test set of 10 compounds, root mean squared errors (RMSE) between experimental %FA valuesand calculated/predicted %FA values are 8.86% and 14.1%, respectively.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1985

Effect of dicyclomine on intestinal absorption, disposition and biliary excretion of dexamethasone.

The effect of dicyclomine, a cholinergic blocking agent, on the in situ intestinal absorption, plasma clearance, biliary excretion of dexamethasone was examined in rats. The plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of dexamethasone after both a single and repeated oral coadministration with dexamethasone phosphate (4 mg/kg) and dicyclomine (4 mg/kg) were significantly reduced compared with those after dexamethasone alone, without the alteration of elimination rate. The in situ absorption study also indicated that the absorption of dexamethasone was reduced to about a half after repeated coadministration of the two drugs. The renal plasma flow (RPF) in coadministration group was significantly enhanced compared with that of dexamethasone alone. The biliary excretion of dexamethasone was reduced, in proportion to the plasma concentrations, by dicyclomine. Therefore, dicyclomine should be administered taking much care in the corticosteroid treatment, because of producing the decrease in absorption.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Glucagonlike peptide-2 enhances small intestinal absorptive function and mucosal mass in vivo.

PURPOSE: Glucagonlike peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide that appears to be highly tissue specific for the intestine. This study was designed to examine the effect of systemically administered GLP-2 on intestinal absorptive function and mucosal mass, and determine the in vivo dose-response curves for this new peptide. METHODS: Twenty-five young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had placement of jugular venous catheters connected to subcutaneously placed osmotic minipumps. The rats were divided into five groups based on the contents in the osmotic pump: group 1 (control, n = 5) normal saline and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 (n = 5 each) were given GLP-2 at 5, 50, 250, and 500 microg/kg/d, respectively. After a 14-day infusion, [C14] galactose and [C14] glycine absorption were measured in a 10-cm segment of midsmall intestine using an in vivo closed-recirculation technique. Mucosal DNA content and protein content of the same small bowel segment were also determined for each group. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: GLP-2 significantly increased galactose absorption at a dose of 50 (P<.01), 250 (P<.01), and 500 (P<.05) microg/kg/d and glycine absorption at a dose of 50, 250, and 500 microg/kg/d (P<.01). GLP-2 also significantly increased mucosal DNA content at a dose of 50 (P<.01) and 250 (P<.05) microg/kg/d and protein content at a dose of 50 and 250 microg/kg/d (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that GLP-2 can enhance normal rat small intestine mucosal mass and absorption in vivo with the maximum effect seen at 50 microg/kg/d.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of ethanol on pharmacokinetics and intestinal absorption of paraquat in animals.

The effect of ethanol on pharmacokinetics of paraquat was studied in rabbits by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of ethanol 0.5 g/kg (or normal saline, in the control group) followed by an i.v. dose of paraquat 20 mg/kg. A greater apparent volume of distribution (Vd), faster distribution rate constants and lower peak plasma concentration (P < 0.01) of paraquat were observed in the ethanol-treated than that in the control rabbits. The total clearance of paraquat was not significantly different between the two groups. The effect of ethanol on the intestinal absorption of paraquat was estimated by in situ intestinal perfusion technique in rats. The perfusate contained paraquat 50 micrograms/ml alone or with 1% or 2% ethanol. Inulin 320 micrograms/ml was added to the perfusate for the measurement of water net flux. The absorption clearance of paraquat as well as the absorption of water increased (P < 0.01) about two-fold in the presence of ethanol. The results of this study suggest that ethanol may potentiate paraquat toxicity by increasing intestinal absorption and tissue distribution. The critical lethal plasma concentration of paraquat is supposed to be lower in the presence of ethanol owing to increased volume of distribution.

Animals↗