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PubMed2001

A comparison of Hispanic and African-American sexually abused girls and their families.

OBJECTIVE: To study the differential effects of sexual abuse on Hispanic (HN) and African-American (AA) girls. METHOD: Sexually abused girls and their caretakers (N = 159), of which 52% (n = 82) were AA (mean age 9.8 years, SD = 3.4, R = 6-17) and 48% (n = 77) were HN (mean age 10.1 years, SD = 3.8, R = 6-18), were included in the study. The mother/caretaker was administered a demographic form, the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-P). The child completed the FAM-C and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The clinician completed the Parental Reaction to Incest Disclosure Scale (PRIDS). RESULTS: HN girls were found to have a greater number of sexually abusive episodes and waited longer to disclose their abuse while AA girls were more likely to have experienced vaginal penetration. The perpetrators of HN girls were older and more likely to be fathers or stepfathers. The mothers/ caretakers of HN girls perceived their children as having significantly more aggressive behavior, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and had a higher total score on the CBCL than did AA girls. The HN girls were more likely to see their family as dysfunctional with confusion regarding family values and rules. HN mothers/caretakers perceived their families as more conflicted regarding adaptability and family controls. CONCLUSIONS: HN girls experienced more emotional and behavioral problems, and both HN girls and their mothers/caretakers perceived their families as more disturbed and dysfunctional.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Crocodile talk: attributions of incestuously abused and nonabused sisters.

This study is a qualitative analysis of the attributions of sisters (abused and nonabused sister dyads, n = 10 and abused sister dyads, n = 10) who grew up in an incestuous family. While the sibling subsystem is reported to be the most important and enduring relational environment in the life of the family, little is known about the cognitions and attributions of siblings, regarding incest. This study examines the attributions of participants regarding the general sibling group, victim selection and nonselection, as well as attributions regarding jealousy, protection, and guilt within the sister relationship.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents: a report of sixteen patients.

Pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents is probably increasing. During a 1-year period, 16 patients were diagnosed and treated for pharyngeal gonorrhea. This was the result of a search among a high-risk group, consisting of victims of sex abuse, patients suspected of homosexual practices, and adolescents with symptoms or signs suggestive of sexually transmitted diseases. Of the 16 positive throat cultures, 75% represented pharyngeal colonization while only 25% had clinical symptoms. Pharyngeal gonorrhea was found to be a marker in screening for psychosocial pathology, leading in two-thirds of the cases to the discovery of instances of incest, sexual abuse, chaotic family situations, or severe depression, all of which had been previously denied, ignored, or neglected. The purpose of this article is to alert health care providers to the clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Beyond traditional paternity and identification cases. Selecting the most probable pedigree.

The paper extends on the traditional methodology used to quantify DNA evidence in paternity or identification cases. By extending we imply that there are more than two alternatives to choose between. In a standard paternity case the two competing explanations H(1): "John Doe is the father of the child and H(2): "A random man is the father of the child, are typically considered. A paternity index of 100000 implies that the data is 100000 more likely assuming hypothesis H(1) rather than H(2). If H(2) is replaced by "A brother of John Doe is the father", the LR may change dramatically. The main topic of this paper is to determine the most probable pedigree given a certain set of data including DNA profiles. In the previous example this corresponds to determining the most likely relation between John Doe and the child. Based on DNA obtained from victims of a fire, bodies found in an ancient grave or from individuals seeking to confirm their anticipated family relations, we would like to determine the most probable pedigree. The approach we present provides the possibility to combine non-DNA evidence, say age of individuals, and DNA profiles. The program familias, obtainable as shareware from http://www.nr.no/familias, delivers the probabilities for the various family constellations. More precisely, the information (if any) prior to DNA is combined with the DNA-profiles in a Bayesian manner to deliver the posterior probabilities. We exemplify using the well published Romanov data where the accepted solution emerges among 4536 possibilities considered. Various other applications based on forensic case work are discussed. In addition we have simulated data to resemble an incest case. Since the true family relation is known in this case, we may evaluate the method.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Putting drug use in context. Life-lines of African American women who smoke crack.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to describe a group of African American women who smoke crack. Using aggregate data from 208 interviews with women crack smokers, we randomly selected 25 women's interview data to create the 25 life-lines. These life-lines were developed in a similar manner to the time-line analysis described by Fullilove and her colleagues (1992); we focused on events that are either extraordinarily disturbing (e.g., rape, incest, death of a child, etc.), events that are usual but often stressful (e.g., birth of a child, death of a parent, etc.), and on periods of drug use. We chose this method of analysis so as to highlight the context in which many women come to use crack cocaine. The life-lines provided a retrospective (but time-ordered) perspective and in several ways provided preliminary support for a stress-diathesis perspective.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sex offences against young girls: a long-term record study.

There have been recent attempts to re-define those offenders who are sufficiently dangerous to justify a longer sentence for their current offence than is normally provided in law, but there is little information about the frequency with which serious sexual offenders are reconvicted. Follow-up studies of the re-conviction in the subsequent 24 years and 15 years of those found guilty of rape, incest, and unlawful sexual intercourse with girls under 13 in 1951 and 1961 have therefore been made. The present paper deals with those prosecuted for unlawful sexual intercourse with girls under 13. The results suggest that there is a low but more persistent tendency to re-conviction than is found in property offenders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Victim-choice polymorphia among serious sex offenders.

The victim-choice polymorphia of 178 sexual aggressors divided into six subtypes, incest offenders, pseudoincest offenders, sexual aggressors of familiar children, sexual aggressors of unfamiliar children, sexual aggressors of familiar women, and sexual aggressors of unfamiliar women, was compared. Results showed that sex offenders remained stable in their choice of victim from one offence to another in terms of victim age, victim gender, and aggressor-victim relationship. Subjects characterised by high levels of polymorphia were pseudoincest offenders and sexual aggressors of familiar women, whereas sexual aggressors of both unfamiliar women and unfamiliar children were characterised by low levels of polymorphia. Recommendations regarding how to further refine sex offender typologies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Marginal and mindful: deviants in social interactions.

Master status people's behavior, physical appearance, or life circumstance is statistically unusual and centrally defining (e.g., the physically attractive, the obese, the intellectually gifted, the facially scarred, the talented, the athletic, Blacks, gays, the wealthy, rape and incest victims). These individuals were paired with people without such conditions. Each pair was left alone on a pretext and covertly videotaped. Pairs were then separated; each member spontaneously recalled information about her partner and the experimental room and provided a record of her thoughts and feelings during the interaction. As hypothesized, all master status Ss were particularly likely to be mindful in social interactions; they recalled detailed information about the situation and often took their partner's perspective during the interaction. The positive or negative connotations of the master status conditions were irrelevant in predicting Ss cognitions (mindfulness) but were critical in determining Ss behaviors (interaction strategies).

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1998

Getting "stuck" in the past: temporal orientation and coping with trauma.

The relations between temporal orientation and long-term psychological distress were studied cross-sectionally and longitudinally in 3 samples of traumatized individuals: adult victims of childhood incest, Vietnam War veterans, and residents of 2 southern California communities devastated by fire. Results indicated that a past temporal orientation--focusing attention on prior life experiences--was associated with elevated levels of distress long after the trauma had passed, even when controlling for the degree of rumination reported. Temporal disintegration at the time of the trauma--whereby the present moment becomes isolated from the continuity of past and future time--was associated with a high degree of past temporal orientation over time and subsequent distress. Temporal disintegration was highest among individuals who had experienced the most severe loss, had previously experienced chronic trauma, and had had their identities threatened by their traumatic experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Validation of a brief measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the Distressing Event Questionnaire (DEQ).

The Distressing Event Questionnaire (DEQ) is a brief instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to criteria provided in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). The DEQ possesses high internal consistency and exhibited satisfactory short-term temporal stability in studies with Vietnam War combat veterans and battered women. In a sample of Vietnam War veterans and 4 separate samples of abused women (with histories of incest, rape, intimate partner abuse, or prostitution and abuse), the DEQ exhibited very good discriminative validity when judged against structured interview assessment of PTSD. The DEQ exhibited strong convergent validity with other PTSD measures and other indexes of adjustment and also exhibited strong convergent validity as a measure of PTSD across ethnic groups in both the veteran sample and the combined women's sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prenatal diagnosis and obstetric management in association of hydramnios and homozygosity].

The patient was referred to hospital in the 29th week of gestation owing to polyhydramnions. Ultrasonography revealed isolated left-sided hypertrophy (from foetal chest to the lower extremity) with subcutaneous lymph cysts. Amniocentesis for genetic examination revealed a chromosomal disorder showing homozygous t(13q, 14q) translocation. This extremely rare anomaly could be explained only and was finally proven by a father-daughter incest. The authors underline the necessity of karyotyping as well as the ultrasonic exclusion of foetal malformations in patients with polyhydramnions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Sexual abuse of children: clinical findings and implications for management.

To increase understanding of childhood sexual abuse, we reviewed the hospital records of 113 girls and 17 boys who were the victims of sexual offenses. They were two to 16 years of age and seen in an 18-month period. Thirty had had medical or social problems. Four had previously been raped. Children under eight years old were more likely to know the assailant, to be victims of recurrent sexual or physical abuse, to report crimes without intercourse, and to present with an abused sibling (P less than 0.05). Incest victims were younger than other victims (P less than 0.05). Forty-three children had physical trauma. No pregnancies occurred, although diethylstilbestrol was not routinely used. Three girls had gonorrhea. Seventy-two patients were referred to hospital social services, and 41 to 17 other agencies. Victims and their siblings are at high risk of repeated abuse. Antibiotics and diethylstilbestrol are not routinely indicated. Follow-up may be best achieved by a central agency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intrafamilial sexual abuse: family-of-origin and family-of-procreation characteristics of female adult victims.

We examined connections between incest victims' family-of-origin and family-of-procreation characteristics in a sample of 40 American women who were in treatment for childhood or adolescent experiences of victimization. Retrospective data on their families-of-origin were collected along with their perceptions of current relationships with family members in the three-generational system. Results showed a close association between family-of-origin and family-of-procreation characteristics, especially in the areas of intergenerational intimacy, intergenerational fusion/individuation, and personal authority. A number of significant correlations were also found between subjects' past and present relationships with family-of-origin members and the dimensions of moral and religious orientation, achievement, and intellectual and cultural orientation, conflict, and control in their family-of-procreation. Some aspects of individual adjustment, including alienation, emotional discomfort, and defensiveness, were strongly related to various family-of-origin and family-of-procreation characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sexual abuse of adolescents.

Molestation seldom has a lasting effect on a child unless violence was involved, sexual contact was extensive aand prolonged, or the parents overreact. Reassurance, along with instruction in avoiding repeat episodes, may be all that is necessary. Incest most commonly involves father, stepdaughter, or foster father and daughter. Usually, all members of the family are emotionally sick and need counseling, especially the mother, who holds the key to incestuous behavior. Rape has an immediate, profoundly disruptive effect on the victim's mental state and ability to function. Psychologic support and counseling of the victim and family must be provided throughout the acute and long-term phases, but referral to a special rape treatment team may be advisable for initial care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Forensic and family psychiatry in abuse dwarfism: Munchausen's syndrome by proxy, atonement, and addiction to abuse.

The syndrome of abuse dwarfism is characterized by gross impairment of statural and intellectual growth and social maturation while the abused child remains in the domicile of abuse. The parents collude as child abusers, and are medical impostors regarding the symptoms of abuse. The syndrome as a whole is appropriately named Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. Though the mother typically initiates abuse, she cannot give a rational explanation for doing so. In her own history there is a sin that is expiated or atoned for symbolically by the sacrifice of the child--explainable in terms of the theory of opponent-process learning. In the two cases presented, the sin was the mother's own birth out of wedlock, in one case as a sequel to incest. The child's addiction to abuse is a challenge to the program of rehabilitation. With respect to parents at risk, the data of this paper are relevant to the prevention of a predisposition toward, or the actual implementation of child abuse, though a program of prevention needs still to be formulated. The sexological relevance of this paper is that the data demonstrate that the effects of sexual abuse may be transmitted to the next generation and manifested as child abuse which is not necessarily sexual in content.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychiatric status of intrafamilial child sexual abuse victims.

The initial psychiatric profile of a large sample of sexually abused children who presented at an outpatient child psychiatry clinic was assessed. The results identified a wide diversity in victim responses to incest. The older the victim, the closer the relationship of the offender to the child, the greater the frequency of abuse incidents, the longer the duration of the abuse, the offender having a history of alcohol abuse, and the victim being a victim of physical abuse as well as sexual abuse were all related to the presence of a DSM-III axis I clinical disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients.

Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients is an infrequently utilized technique. In a homogeneous group composed of multiple personality patients, the technique of group psychotherapy is examined in detail. The group setting, selection of patients, and group composition are described. Therapeutic issues involving group process, intrapersonal dynamics, transference, countertransference, co-therapy, and termination are examined. Finally, psychotherapy with the group of multiple personality patients is contrasted with group psychotherapy with borderline patients and incest victims.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Sexual criminality and hypnotizability.

Thirty-three sexual offenders, 18 of whom had been convicted of rape, nine of pedophilia, and six of incest, were studied. Two thirds of the subjects had histories of "spontaneous self-hypnotic" experiences (dissociations); seven of these were DSM-III multiples and six were probable multiples. This group had very high hypnotizability scores. The other one third without histories of "spontaneous self-hypnosis" had normal scores. It was concluded that spontaneous self-hypnosis contributed to the perpetration of the crimes in many of these cases, although other factors also directed the antisocial behaviors.

Adolescent↗