Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INTESTINAL DISEASES, PARASITIC”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

IFN-gamma-independent effects of IL-12 during intestinal nematode infection.

Expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis is associated with a pronounced mastocytosis mediated by a Th2-type response involving IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. When exogenous rIL-12 was administered to T. spiralis-infected NIH mice, this resulted in significant suppression of intestinal mast cell responses, delayed worm expulsion, increased muscle larvae burdens, and a transient, but significant decrease in early Th2 cytokine secretion. rIL-12 treatment also altered chemokine expression in the jejunal mucosa. The effects of exogenous IL-12 administration were largely independent of IFN-gamma as shown by rIL-12 treatment of IFN-gamma knockout mice. Hence, IL-12 may play a significant biological role as a direct negative regulator of intestinal Th2 responses and may act to promote the survival of intestinal parasites in vivo also in the absence of IFN-gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on Cryptosporidium parvum infection in immunosuppressed rats.

Diethyldithiocarbamate was the only immune modulator of 7 evaluated to show activity against Cryptosporidium parvum in immunosuppressed rats. The model was then used to assess the drug's activity further. When administered prophylactically, oral doses > or = 75 mg/kg/day significantly (P < or = 0.05) reduced the severity of ileal infection and doses > or = 300 mg/kg/day significantly (P < or = 0.05) inhibited infection of the biliary tract. When administered to rats with established infection, the drug significantly (P < or = 0.05) reduced the parasite burden in the ileum but was ineffective against biliary tract infection. The data suggest that diethyldithiocarbamate is effective for treating cryptosporidiosis of the small intestine but is probably ineffective against chronic cryptosporidiosis involving the large intestine or biliary tract.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Site availability and density-dependent constraints on the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).

Threshold density levels were investigated experimentally in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, for the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis. Fifty small fish 120-150 mm long were infected with 50 cystacanths each every 4 weeks for 16 weeks, and samples of up to 10 fish examined at 1, 5, 9, 13 and 17 weeks after the original infection. The mean intestinal length was found to have increased significantly over this period, from a mean of 125 to 173 mm and the mean number of parasites recovered increased after each interval of 4 weeks, and significantly from 19.30 to 86.40 per fish over the 17 weeks. The distribution of the parasites in the alimentary tract of O. mykiss was unaltered, indicating that the favourable region for establishment had remained unchanged. The failure to detect any manifestations of competition is discussed, and the relevance of conventional approaches to experimental investigations of both intra- and interspecific competition in fish was queried, and contrasted to the situation in birds and mammals.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed2004

Gastrointestinal helminths of Cuvier's beaked whales, Ziphius cavirostris, from the western Mediterranean.

We examined the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 2 Cuvier's beaked whales, Ziphius cavirostris, stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Information regarding intestinal parasites of this species is provided for the first time. Six helminth taxa were identified. Thirty type II larvae of the nematode Anisakis sp. were found in the stomach and the intestine of both hosts; 2 type I larvae of Anisakis sp. were found in the intestine of 1 host. One juvenile of the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma vasculosum was found in the intestine; the metacestode Scolex pleuronectis was found mainly in the terminal colon and the anal crypts of both hosts; adult cestodes of Tetrabothrius sp., which may represent a new species, were collected from the duodenum of 1 host. Composition of the intestinal parasitic community is similar to that of other oceanic cetaceans, which mostly include species of Bolbosoma and tetrabothriids (Cestoda).

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1991

The efficacy of strategic treatments with ivermectin pour-on against trichostrongylid and lungworm infections in first year grazing calves in northern Germany.

Three groups of 8 first year grazing calves each were either left untreated as controls (group 1), or were treated with 10 mg levamisole spot-on/kg bodyweight (group 2) or with 0.5 mg ivermectin pour-on/kg bodyweight 3, 8, and 13 weeks after turnout (group 3), respectively. Egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm counts of tracer calves, pepsinogen concentrations and weight gains showed a high efficacy of the strategic treatment in group 3 against gastrointestinal nematodes. The calves of group 1 and 2 developed clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis whereas the group 3 animals remained clinically healthy. The strategic treatment with ivermectin cleaned the respective pasture from infective lungworm larvae.

Abomasum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryptosporidiosis of human large intestine in H.I.V. Report of a case examined under light and electron microscope study.

The Light and Electron Microscope aspects of a colonic Cryptosporidiosis in a H.I.V. patient are reported. The authors stresses the importance of Endoscopic biopsies and Electron Microscopic studies in confirming the microbiologic stool examination for oocysts of the parasite. In particular, by an histological point of view, there are no specific findings indicative for Cryptosporidium infection, apart the identification of the parasite forms with PAS, Giemsa and Grocott stains. Electron Microscopy reveals in this case only the presence of Macrogametocyte.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1980

The diagnosis of giardiasis.

Giardiasis is the most prevalent intestinal parasitic disease in the United States. Most cases can be diagnosed by a single stool examination. However, in periodic cyst excretors, cysts may not be detected unless repeated stool examinations are performed. In clinically highly suspected cases, duodenal fluid should be studies after three negative stool examinations. Scanning electron microscopy is probably superior to light microscopy in screening duodenal fluid if the parasite is scanty or degenerated. A small intestinal biopsy is a last resort for the diagnosis; a mucosal impression smear should be routinely performed on such specimens. The latter is the most sensitive and reliable technique in making the diagnosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1995

Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in rabbits: persistence of the distal adaptive response to parasitism after anthelmintic treatment.

Mucosal changes associated with anthelmintic treatment in Trichostrongylus colubriformis-infected rabbits were assessed along the entire length of the small intestine. The following groups, each of five rabbits, were compared: infected (group I); infected and treated on day 21 with fenbendazole (group IT); uninfected but given fenbendazole on day 21 (group C, controls). All animals were killed on day 28. In the proximal part of the small intestine of group I rabbits, the worms were associated with shortening of the villi and a significant depletion in alkaline phosphatase activity, which differed significantly from the findings in groups C and IT. In the same region, no difference was found between groups C and IT. In the distal small intestine, hypertrophy of villi and crypts (an adaptive response to the infection), coupled with an increase in enzymic activity, were present in both groups I and IT, in contrast to group C. These results suggest that a complete mucosal restoration occurred within 7 days of anthelmintic treatment in the parasitized part of the intestine. In contrast, the adaptive response observed beyond the main site of parasitism was not abolished by treatment. The functional significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the compensatory growth commonly observed after anthelmintic treatment in ruminants.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Duodenal leishmaniasis diagnosed by biopsy in two HIV-positive patients.

We describe two cases of duodenal leishmaniasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diagnosed by light and electron microscopy. The patients presented nonspecific signs and symptoms, blood cultures were sterile, and serological tests for Leishmania spp. were negative. Endoscopy showed normal-appearing mucosa in one patient and possible peptic duodenitis in the other patient. In these patients, the parasite was only detected in a duodenal biopsy specimen. In view of the unusual location of the parasite and the fact that the diagnostic and dissemination of the disease was established by means of conventional biopsy, this is not a routine procedure for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis because the classic procedures require the demonstration of antibodies and visualization in bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and/or spleen aspirates. We decided to report these two cases to call attention to the possible finding of Leishmania amastigotes in biopsies from intestinal mucosa in HIV infected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Jejunal biopsies in protein-calorie malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infestation in Brazil.

Jejunal biopsies were performed in 71 subjects, who were classified into three groups as follows: Forty-one patients, on a poor diet, without clinical signs of malnutrition, with and without parasitic infestation; nineteen patients with severe protein-calorie malnutrition, with and without parasitic infestation; control group, ten medical students and one of the authors on a normal diet and without parasitic infestation. The dissecting microscope appearance showed mild alteration of the intestinal villi of Group A patients with parasitic infestation and severe alteration on Group B patients, especially those with parasitism. On histological examination, only the total mucosal thickness showed statistically significant differences between the Group B (severe protein malnutrition) and the other groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Chronic intestinal nematode infection induces Stat6-independent interleukin-5 production and causes eosinophilic inflammatory responses in mice.

The role of Stat6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription) in the recruitment and activation of eosinophils has been studied in detail in asthma and other allergic diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that eosinophil responses occur in a Stat6-independent manner in mice infected with the intestinal nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Stat6-deficient (Stat6(-/-)) mice cannot expel N. brasiliensis and establish chronic infections. Prominent blood and intestinal eosinophilia were induced after day 14 postinfection (p.i.) and maintained at this level in Stat6(-/-) mice, whereas in wild-type mice eosinophil responses reached a peak on day 10 p.i. and declined thereafter. The introduction of a secondary infection of N. brasiliensis into wild-type mice induced rapid and exaggerated eosinophilia, whereas secondary infection in Stat6(-/-) mice resulted in almost the same eosinophil responses as those of the primary infection, suggesting a lack of memory responses. Blood eosinophilia was also induced in Stat6(-/-) mice implanted with N. brasiliensis in the small intestine, suggesting that intestinal exposure to parasitic antigen is sufficient to induce eosinophil responses. Furthermore, this prominent eosinophil response of Stat6(-/-) mice after day 14 was closely associated with an increase of interleukin (IL)-5 production in serum and intestine. Neither IL-4 nor eotaxin were significantly induced in Stat6(-/-) mice after infection with N. brasiliensis. We also found that mRNA for IL-5, GATA-3 and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are induced in the intestine of Stat6(-/-) mice on day 14 p.i. Taken together, these results provide evidence for Stat6-independent IL-5 production and subsequent eosinophil responses after chronic infection with N. brasiliensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ivermectin treatment of naturally acquired and experimentally induced Strongyloides stercoralis infections in dogs.

Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection was investigated in 2 dogs with naturally acquired, chronic-active infections, and in 3 dogs with corticosteroid-enhanced, experimentally induced hyperinfections. A single oral dose of ivermectin was given to naturally infected (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) and experimentally infected (800 micrograms/kg) dogs. Five dogs with experimental hyperinfections served as controls. Dogs with naturally acquired infections ceased to shed first-stage larvae in the feces 1 week after treatment, but 1 dog had recrudescence and required a second dose. Ivermectin was 100% effective in removing adult S stercoralis from the intestinal tract of the experimentally infected dogs, but it was not effective in removing third-stage larvae from parenteral sites. Ivermectin-treated dogs had few intestinal parasites of any stage, whereas at necropsy, 4 of 5 experimentally infected dogs not treated had massive infections (greater than 100,000 adults, greater than 92,000 larvae) in the intestinal tract, and 3 of 5 had larvae (greater than 2,500) in parenteral sites.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

First record of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) hypostomi (Petter et Cassone, 1984) comb. n. and R. (S.) mahnerti (Petter et Cassone, 1984) comb. n. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Brazil with remarks on the taxonomic status of the genus Sprentascaris Petter et Cassone, 1984.

Large numbers of anisakid nematodes identified as Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) hypostom (Petter et Cassone, 1984) were collected from the stomach and intestine of armoured catfishes P leco stomus albopunctatus, P. commersoni, P. derbyi, and Ancistrus cirrhosus (all representing new host records) from the three water reservoirs, Salto Osório, Salto Santiago and Passo Fundo, in southern Brazil. Another closely related species, R. (S.) mahnerti (Petter et Cassone, 1984), was recorded from the intestine of the armoured catfish Loricaria laticeps of the Paraná River. Since these are the first records of these parasites since their original descriptions, they are briefly redescribed and illustrated. The genus Sprentascaris Petter et Cassone, 1984, in which both these species were originally placed, is now considered only a subgenus of Raphidascaris Railliet et Henry, 1915 and, therefore, all Sprentascaris species are transferred to the latter genus as Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) mahnerti (Petter et Cassone, 1984) comb. n., R. (S.) pimelodi (Petter et Cassone, 1984) comb. n., and R. (S.) hypostomi (Petter et Cassone, 1984) comb. n.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Burhinotaenia colombiana n. sp. (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) from the double-striped stone curlew Burhinus bistriatus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Colombia.

Burhinotaenia colombiana n. sp. (Dilepididae) is described from the small intestine of the double-striped stone curlew Burhinus bistriatus (Burhinidae) captured at Carimagua, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from the most similar Burhinotaenia delachauxi (Baer, 1925), a parasite of the Old World Burhinus spp., by the longer cirrus-sac (375-590, avg. 514 microns vs. 322-393, avg. 354 microns) and longer rostellar hooks (412-451, avg. 440 microns vs. 358-367, avg. 364 microns). The validity of the genus Burhinotaenia Spasskii and Spasskaya, 1965 and its generic diagnosis as proposed by Bona (1994) are confirmed. This is the first record of a species of Burhinotaenia in the New World.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Multiyear prospective study of intestinal parasitism in a cohort of Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala.

We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study in a cohort of 36 Peace Corps volunteers (PCVs) in Guatemala to study the incidence and natural history of intestinal parasitic infections during the PCVs' >2-year overseas stay. PCVs collected stool specimens at least monthly and when ill with gastrointestinal symptoms. Of the 1,168 specimens tested, 453 (38.8%) were positive for at least one parasite and 48 (4.1%) were positive for a pathogenic parasite. A median interval of 187 days (range, 14 to 752 days) elapsed before the first documented parasitic infection, and the median intervals from arrival until subsequent infections (e.g., second or third) were >300 days. The PCVs had 116 episodes of infection with 11 parasites, including up to 4 episodes per PCV with specific nonpathogens and Blastocystis hominis. The incidence, in episodes per 100 person-years, was highest for B. hominis (65), followed by Entamoeba coli (31), Cryptosporidium parvum (17), and Entamoeba hartmanni (17). The PCVs' B. hominis episodes lasted 6,809 person-days (28.7% of the 23,689 person-days in the study), the E. coli episodes lasted 2,055 person-days (8.7%), and each of the other types of episodes lasted <2% of the person-days in the study. Gastrointestinal symptoms were somewhat more common and more persistent, but not significantly so, in association with pathogen episodes than with B. hominis and nonpathogen episodes. Although infections with pathogenic parasites could account for only a minority of the PCVs' diarrheal episodes, the continued acquisition of parasitic infections throughout the PCVs' >2-year stay in Guatemala suggests that PCVs repeatedly had fecal exposures and thus were at risk for infections with both parasitic and nonparasitic pathogens throughout their overseas service.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal parasites in children with neoplasms.

Stool specimens taken from 50 children with malignancy and from 92 healthy children were investigated for intestinal parasites, using the modified formol ethyl acetate concentration method, and native-lugol, trichrome and Kinyoun acid-fast stain methods. Thirty-eight (76.0%) of the 50 patients had lymphoma or leukemia and were considered immunosuppressed. Several different parasites were found in 21 (42.0%) of the 50 patients with malignancy and in 16 (47.3%) of the 38 patients with immune deficiency compared to in only 16 (17.3%) of the 92 healthy children. The incidence of parasites in patients with malignancy or immunosuppression was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p<0.01, p<0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enteritis and its complications. Etiology and most frequent anatomoclinical picture].

A study is made of the environmental, etiologic, pathogenic, clinical and anatomical characteristics of the bacterial or parasitic enteral processes which most frequently cause death to the patients. Considerations on the pathogenesis of the complications found at the postmortem studies in children with diarrhea are likewise offered.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

Two pharyngodonid nematodes, Alaeuris mexicana n. sp. and Ozolaimus ctenosauri, from the iguanid lizard Ctenosaura pectinata from Nayarit, Mexico.

Two species of nematodes, Alaeuris mexicana n. sp. and Ozolaimus ctenosauri Caballero, 1938, were found in the iguanid lizard Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann) from Aguamilpa, Nayarit, central Mexico (Pacific region). The new species, A. mexicana, differs from all congeners mainly in the length of the spicule (0.228-0.233 mm) and in the shape and size of the tail and caudal alae. Ozolaimus ctenosauri (syn. Ozolaimus prolixa Caballero et Cerecero, 1943) is considered a valid species parasitic in Ctenosaura spp. Scanning electron microscopic studies of both species revealed substantial differences in the structure of the mouth, which were used for the separation of the closely related genera Ozolaimus and Alaeuris.

Animals↗