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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Congenital defect of maxillary primary central incisor associated with exposed pulp and gingival [fibrosis]: case report.

This report describes a rare case of hypoplastic primary incisor in which the pulp was exposed at the crown portion and covered by the gingiva in a 1-year-11-month-old boy. The patient was referred to us due to swelling of his labial cervical gingiva of the maxillary right primary central incisor, and on examination, extended to the hypoplastic labial surface. Radiographically, there was a round radiolucent area on the crown including the edge. Surgical removal of the swollen gingiva revealed a large defect of the labial aspect of the incisor, showing pulpal tissue inside. The tooth was treated by vital pulpotomy. Histopathologically, the removed gingival tissue contained many pieces of dysplastic tooth elements in the lamina propria portion which should have been connected to the exposed pulp. The findings suggested that pulp exposure resulted from focal dental hypoplasia not from resorption of the tooth.

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia↗
PubMed2005

Orthodontic treatment of an impacted dilacerated maxillary incisor: a case report.

Dilaceration is one of the causes of permanent maxillary incisor eruption failure. It is a developmental distortion of the form of a tooth that commonly occurs in permanent incisors as result of trauma to the primary predecessors whose apices lie close to the permanent tooth germ. We present a case of post-traumatic impaction of a dilacerated central maxillary left incisor in a young patient with a class II malocclusion.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

A long-term evaluation of composite-bonded natural/resin teeth as replacement of lower incisors with terminal periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: In patients with severe peridontitis, lower incisors are prone to terminal breakdown. This study assessed the longevity of composite-bonded resin/natural teeth (reinforced only with a stainless steel mesh) as replacements for periodontally lost lower incisors. METHODS: Besides the longevity of the restoration, the periodontal condition of the abutment teeth, and the general satisfaction of the patient were evaluated retrospectively via a phone interview, in combination with an analysis of the patient's clinical dental file. RESULTS: The cumulative proportion of survival rate of these composite restorations was 80% after 5 years of function. No statistically significant difference was found between the survival distribution of one- and two-pontic bridges (P = 0.66). The abutment teeth demonstrated stable probing depths and a negligible loss in attachment (0.1 mm/year). The satisfaction ratings were also favorable. CONCLUSIONS: The data seem to suggest that composite bonding of 1 or 2 teeth can be considered a semi-permanent rehabilitation for the replacement of 1 or 2 periodontally lost lower incisors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of three techniques to obtain root coverage on mandibular incisors.

BACKGROUND: Multiple variations on the subepithelial connective tissue graft have been shown to produce good clinical results. The goal of this study was to compare three variations in the treatment of recession on mandibular incisors. METHODS: An a priori analysis was done to determine the sample size. Three groups of patients received root coverage procedures on mandibular incisors. Each group was treated with a different variation of a subepithelial graft. The first group received a connective tissue (CT) graft with a coronally positioned flap (CPF) (CPF + CT). The second group received a connective tissue graft with a double pedicle (DP) graft (DP + CT). The third group received a connective tissue graft with a tunneling (TUN) procedure and a laterally positioned (LAT) pedicle (TUN-LAT + CT). The clinical results of these procedures were compared to determine if one procedure offered an advantage over the other procedures. RESULTS: All of the procedures produced a statistically significant improvement in the clinical parameters. The groups treated with the DP + CT and TUN-LAT + CT had greater mean root coverage (95.5% and 90.5%, respectively) than the CPF + CT group (80.2%). Additionally, DP + CT produced a greater increase in keratinized tissue (3 mm) than CPF + CT (1.4 mm) or TUN-LAT + CT (1.9 mm). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean root coverage of any technique treating defects <3 mm deep (CPF + CT, 90.9%; DP + CT, 96.4%; and TUN-LAT + CT, 92.1%) or the defects >3 mm deep treated with DP + CT (95.4%) or TUN-LAT + CT (88.3%). However, the CPF + CT produced less mean root coverage (68.4%) when treating defects > or =3 mm deep. When defects treated as isolated defects were compared to cases where multiple defects were treated, the cases with multiple defects treated with the CPF + CT had less mean root coverage (77%) than cases where single defects were treated with the CPF + CT (90.3%), DP + CT (isolated, 96.7% and multiple, 95.6%), and TUN-LAT + CT (isolated, 97.2% and multiple, 87.8%). CONCLUSIONS: All three of the procedures were effective in obtaining root coverage and improved clinical parameters on mandibular incisors. Overall, the DP + CT and TUN-LAT + CT procedures had greater mean root coverage than the CPF + CT technique. Based on this study, when treating defects > or =3 mm deep, one should consider using the DP + CT or TUN-LAT + CT rather than the CPF + CT. Additionally, when treating multiple defects at a time, one should consider using the DP + CT or TUN-LAT + CT rather than the CPF + CT. In cases where an increased amount of keratinized tissue is desired, based on this study, the DP + CT may be the best procedure to use.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Reactive correction of a maxillary incisor in single-tooth crossbite following periodontal therapy.

BACKGROUND: The reactive correction of a single tooth anterior crossbite following periodontal therapy is described. This case report provides new information regarding correction of a crossbite relationship and con- firms existing reports of tooth movement following periodontal therapy. METHODS: A 39-year-old woman in good general health presented with a history of recurrent periodontal abscesses of a maxillary incisor. Probing depths of the abscessed tooth ranged from 5 to 12 mm, and class 1 mobility was noted. Radiographs revealed that the tooth had previously been treated endodontically. The patient's periodontal diagnosis was generalized chronic moderate to severe periodontitis. Treatment considerations were complicated by a single-tooth crossbite relationship of the involved incisor and clinical evidence that the periodontal abscess communicated with an apical infection. Treatment of the abscess consisted of cause-related therapy, bone grafting, and occlusal adjustment. RESULTS: Five months after surgical treatment, an edge-to-edge incisal relationship was observed, the first indicator of tooth movement. Further correction to a normal incisal relationship resulted 1 year after modification of the proximal contact. At this time, there was normal probing depth with only slight recession and mobility. Bone fill was radiographically noted. CONCLUSION: It appears that some cases of maxillary incisor crossbite that are complicated by periodontal disease may be corrected, without orthodontic appliances, following periodontal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Microvascular architecture of the enamel organ of the upper major incisor in the rabbit.

The ultrastructure of the ameloblasts in the rabbit major incisor was investigated previously by Okada (1983) and the amelogenetic process was classified into six zones/stages. The present paper deals with changes in the microvascular architecture and ultrastructure of the blood capillaries in proportion to the amelogenetic process in the upper major incisor of the rabbit utilizing the acryl plastic injection method. Three different vascular layers were observed in the periodontal spaces of the major incisor of the rabbit. The inner vascular network consisted of a capillary network supplying the enamel organ and its meshes have vigorously changed during the amelogenesis. The capillary network was observed to be in the shape of a ladder with a continuous wall in the proliferation zone, to appear as round meshes with a fenestrated wall in the differentiation zone, as polygonal meshes with abundant fenestrations in the secretion zone, as ovoid meshes with fenestrations in the early maturation zone, and finally as coarse and avoid meshes with a continuous wall again in the late maturation and regression zones. In the intermediate layer, arterioles and venules were located close to the capillary network, and the arterioles were derived from the short and long branches of the anterior superior alveolar artery. In the outer layer, a sinusoid network was observed to be in contact with the alveolar wall and received blood from the capillary network as well as venous vessels in the alveolar bone. The ladder-shaped capillary network mentioned above was thought to represent an intermediate form towards the succeeding zone, in which the round meshes may be suitable for supplying the nutrient elements that are needed in the differentiation of the inner enamel epithelial cells. The polygonal and ovoid meshes may be favorable for the transport of various necessary metabolic materials that are involved in the enamel ground substance formation and calcium deposition within a very short period.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1999

Comparison between deciduous and permanent incisor teeth in morphology of bovine enamel.

Functional incisor teeth (deciduous and permanent teeth) from Bovidae (14 species) were prepared for scanning electron microscopic observation. Ultrastructural patterns of the enamel layer of deciduous and permanent incisor teeth varied (ex. prisms, arrangement pattern of matrices, and in thickness of enamel layer) in each species. The ultrastructures of prisms in longitudinal sections were classified into three types; A, radial, B, tangential, and C, mix of A and B arrangement enamel; modified Koenigswald's method (1982) in examined species. Type A was found in a large part of permanent and a small part of deciduous incisor teeth, while types B and C were mainly found in the deciduous teeth. These morphological features show the remarkable correlation between permanent and deciduous teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fractured and avulsed permanent incisors in Finnish children. A retrospective study.

The frequency of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors was studied in a sample of 1614 children from the city of Lahti in Southern Finland. The children, 801 girls and 813 boys, ranged in age from 6 to 16 years. Injuries to hard dental tissues and exarticulations of teeth were recorded. The prevalence of injuries was 19.8%--14.6% in girls and 25.0% in boys. A rapid growth in the prevalence rates was found at the ages of 9--11 years, at which the estimated mean annual incidence was about 5% in girls and 7% in boys. In 78.4% of the children with injured incisors, one tooth only was injured. The teeth most commonly injured were the upper central incisors, 81.7%; and the most frequent type of injury was an uncomplicated crown fracture, 90.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Expression and regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I in the rat incisor.

Growth factors play an important role in the regulation of cell growth, division and differentiation. In this study the distribution and regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the continuously erupting rat incisor was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results were evaluated both visually and with a computer-based image analysis system. The distribution and intensity of IGF-I immunoreactivity varied with developmental stage of the rat incisor. Strong IGF-I immunoreactivity was observed in differentiating odontoblasts and ameloblasts. The most intense immunoreactivity was observed in secretory ameloblasts, secretory odontoblasts and in maturation ameloblasts. Staining was weak or absent in post-secretory ameloblasts but persisted in post-secretory odontoblasts. Weak to moderate immunoreactivity was also seen in cells of the stratum intermedium and in the reduced enamel epithelium. Surrounding alveolar bone showed strong IGF-I immunoreactivity in osteoblasts and in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum of the adjacent labial gingival epithelium. In order to assess the role of GH in IGF-I expression, GH (65 micrograms/100 g bw) was administered for six days to dwarf GH deficient rats, producing a significant increase in body weight (P < 0.01). Measurements at different stages of odontogenesis showed that the staining intensity of secretory ameloblasts (P < 0.01) and maturation ameloblasts (P < 0.001) was significantly different between untreated and treated animals. These results indicate that IGF-I is present in cell populations of the enamel organ of the rat incisor found previously to exhibit growth hormone receptors, and that expression of IGF is GH dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1997

Orthodontic-prosthetic treatment to replace maxillary incisors exfoliated because of improper use of orthodontic elastics: a case report.

This article describes the iatrogenic exfoliation of maxillary central incisors following the improper use of orthodontic elastic bands. The unsecured rubber band had migrated apically and caused an almost "bloodless extraction" of both maxillary central incisors. A combined orthodontic-prosthetic solution was used to replace the lost incisors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Aspects of cell proliferation kinetics of the inner dental epithelium during mouse molar and incisor morphogenesis: a reappraisal of the role of the enamel knot area.

First lower E-14 and E-16 mouse molars and E-13 lower incisors were cultured in vitro and either sequentially or continuously labelled with BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine). The behaviour of the non-cycling inner dental epithelial cells emerging from the enamel knot area of the molars was analysed by 3D (three dimensional) reconstructions of serial sections. These cells, as well as slow cycling cells underwent a coordinated temporo-spatial patterning leading to their patchy segregation at the tips of the forming cusps. In incisors (in vitro and in vivo), non-cycling cells were also present in the inner dental epithelium of the enamel knot area. However, these cells were not redistributed during incisor morphogenesis. These non-dividing inner dental epithelium cells of the enamel knot area which are either redistributed or not according to the tooth type specific morphogenesis might represent the organizers of morphogenetic units (OMU), the cusps.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Distribution of actin bundles in periodontal ligament of rat lower incisor.

The overall distribution of actin bundles in fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament (PDL) was examined in continuously growing incisors of the rat by confocal laser and thin-section electron microscopy to better understand the functional roles of PDL in mechanical support of the tooth and the mechanism of tooth eruption. The PDL around the incisor was divided mainly into two parts: the superior (non-enamel side of the tooth) and inferior (enamel side) parts. In the superior part, elongated fibroblasts ran obliquely near the alveolar bone and shifted direction nearly parallel to the tooth as they approached the tooth. Long and thin bundles of actin filaments were observed running along the long axis of the cells. In the inferior part, flattened cells were densely populated in the narrow space between the enamel epithelium and venous plexus with their long axis parallel to the tooth, and contained relatively thick actin bundles running parallel to the cell axis. Thus, different distribution patterns of fibroblasts and their actin bundles were recognized in different parts of the PDL. These observations suggest that different parts of the PDL of the rat lower incisor may have different functional significances such as force generation of tooth eruption and mechanical resistance to occlusal pressure and continuous growth.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mandibular incisor position for English consonant sounds.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the mandibular incisor positions for the 24 consonant sounds of the English language. Further aims were to determine if the incisor format for each sound is affected by its position in a word, or by combination with an open or closed vowel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 young adult subjects had their incisal positions determined using an electrognathographic technique during performance of a number of speech tests. RESULTS: The mean values of the 24 consonants, in the vertical direction, showed a range from the intercuspal position of 2.5 mm for a sibilant sound to 11.7 mm for the /H/ sound, and an anteroposterior range of 1.4 mm anterior for a sibilant sound to 1.8 mm posterior for the /M/ sound. The range in the mean lateral dimension was always less than 1 mm on either side of the midline. The placement of a sound in the initial or final position in a word had no effect on the incisal position. The degree of vertical opening was significantly greater for 8 of the consonant sounds when in combination with an open vowel sound. The anteroposterior and lateral positions were unaffected by vowel association. CONCLUSION: The incisor position for consonant sounds is unaffected by initial or final word placement. Some consonant sound positions are affected by combination with an open or closed vowel sound. Sibilant sounds produced a clinically acceptable measure of the most superior and anterior speaking positions in all subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Preliminary study of anatomic relation among nasopalatine duct, central incisor root and floor of nasal cavity with X-ray measurement].

The authors studied anatomic constructure of anaterior maxilla. They observed the position relationships among nasopalatine duct, central incisor root and floor of nasal cavity through X-ray measurement. The results showed: (1) Average distance between the anterior wall of nasopalatine duct and cortical plate of anterior maxilla was 7.80 +/- 1.43 mm. (2) Average distance between the anterior wall of nasopalatine duct and central incisor root was 4.15 +/- 1.48 mm. (3) Average distance between the tip of central incisor root and floor of nasal cavity was 12.62 +/- 2.47 mm. (4) Average length of the nasopalatine duct was 15.04 +/- 2.20 mm. The results are beneficial of dental implantation and orthognathic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complete intrusion of a maxillary right primary central incisor.

This clinical article presents a rare presentation of complete intrusion of a maxillary right primary central incisor. Routine examination of a 29-month old female patient revealed an intrusion injury where the primary central incisor was displaced through the floor of the nasal cavity. The traumatic impaction was erroneously diagnosed as an avulsion injury by the attending emergency room physician and later discovered by the dental team during routine care. The injury was documented with radiographs. The intruded incisor was removed through the right naris utilizing general anesthesia to manage behavior and surgical access. This article emphasizes the importance of radiographs and demonstrates the need to involve the dental professional in initial assessment of dental trauma.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Management of root fracture of mandibular permanent lateral incisor in mixed dentition--a case report.

Management of root fracture of mandibular lateral incisors during mixed dentition with developing crowding in a ten year old boy by bilateral surgical extraction. Migration of permanent canine into the extracted region of lateral incisors was favourable with minimal spacing in between the rest of the teeth. The near normal parallel position of the roots of the permanent canines was achieved by early treatment planning of extraction of the lateral incisors instead of treating by other modalities which have a poor prognosis.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of an intruded maxillary permanent incisor complicated by the presence of two mesiodentes.

Treatment of a traumatically intruded maxillary incisor with an immature apex remains controversial. Treatment options include observation, surgical repositioning, or orthodontic forced eruption. Likewise, the ideal timing of surgical removal of a mesiodens is highly controversial: immediate versus delayed intervention. The complications associated with untreated supernumerary teeth include: overretention of primary teeth, delayed eruption of permanent incisors, rotations, impaction, diastema, pulp necrosis and root resorption. Less common sequelae include enlarged follicular sacs, cystic degeneration and nasal eruption. This paper describes another risk factor associated with delayed removal of a mesiodens previously not mentioned in the dental literature, namely potential complications arising from a traumatic injury, in particular intrusion, of the maxillary permanent incisors.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Space for missing maxillary lateral incisors--orthodontic perceptions.

Historically there has been a long-standing debate regarding the orthodontic management of dentitions with missing maxillary lateral incisors. Whether to provide space for prosthetic replacements or to close space utilizing the canines as substitute lateral incisors are the options of treatment planning for an individual. This presentation is directed at the orthodontic management of those patients who were orthodontically treated in the past by providing space for replacement lateral incisors and now at dental maturity or even later, seek a prosthetic replacement in the form of an osseointegrated fixture. In many instances there will be inadequate interradicular bone space and yet at the time of debanding adequate space often was present and now some years hence the patient is faced with orthodontic re-treatment to provide that space again. Whilst that is a challenge in itself, there is a further apparent problem to be met for those younger patients requiring space opening mechanics in deciding upon and implementing at the debanding phase, the form of retention that will hold the teeth and the roots firmly in position until the time is right for an osseointegrated fixture to be placed and treatment finalized.

Adolescent↗