Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Histocompatibility Testing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Zinc is an essential cofactor for recognition of the DNA binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antibodies in autoimmune rheumatic and bowel diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize autoantibody response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and to assess the significance of autoantibodies to the 2 zinc fingers of this enzyme in patients with autoimmune rheumatic and bowel diseases. METHODS: The specificity of antienzyme autoantibodies was established by dot immunoassay with recombinant human PARP and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the recombinant N-terminal fragment containing the DNA binding domain of PARP, the recombinant C-terminal catalytic domain (40-kd fragment), a peptide containing the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of PARP, 2 synthetic peptides (and mutated peptides) corresponding to zinc-finger motifs F1 and F2 that are present in the DNA binding domain, zinc fingers from other self antigens (e.g., peptides from Ro60, Ro52, and U1C proteins), and poly(ADP-ribose). Sera from patients with autoimmune rheumatic and bowel diseases were tested, as were affinity-purified antibodies. Histocompatibility typing of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was performed by serology. RESULTS: Antibodies from the patient sera reacted only weakly with the recombinant N- and C-terminal domains and with the NLS peptide. In contrast, the 2 synthetic peptides corresponding to zinc-finger motifs F1 and F2 represented immunodominant targets for IgG antibodies from patients with SLE, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. The sera from patients with SLE and MCTD showed much weaker reactivity with mutant peptides F1 and F2, which contain mutations at the cysteine residues involved in zinc coordination. F1/F2 antibodies did not cross-react with zinc fingers from other self proteins. No correlation was found between the presence of F1/F2 autoantibodies in SLE sera and the presence of other autoantibodies typical of this disease (e.g., anti-double-stranded DNA and poly[ADP-ribose] antibodies). The presence of F2 antibodies in the serum of SLE patients was negatively associated with HLA-DR6. CONCLUSION: An autoimmune response to PARP is potentially important because this enzyme is involved in DNA repair and is rapidly cleaved during the "execution phase" of apoptosis. The high prevalence in certain autoimmune rheumatic and bowel diseases of antibodies to F1 and F2, which are directly involved in this process, is further evidence implicating involvement of the DNA repair system in chronic inflammatory diseases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

Mixed leukocyte culture incompatibility index for donor-recipient selection in kidney transplantation.

The mixed leukocyte culture test has been applied to selection of histocompatibility non-identical donor-recipient pairs for renal transplantation. The clinical course of transplant recipients who have histocompatibility mismatches but low mixed leukocyte culture stimulation is similar to that of mixed leukocyte culture and histocompatibility identical recipients. Living donor-recipient pairs with high mixed leukocyte culture stimulation had no better graft survival than cadaver recipients. An incompatibility index derived from mixed leukocyte culture may aid in the selection of satisfactory non-identical living related donors and may help avoid use of immunologically unsatisfactory living donors.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex in the rat. II. Serological analysis of the haplotypes H-1a (Ag-B4), H-1d (Ag-B9) and H-1f (Ag-B10).

The strongly cross-reacting haplotypes of the inbred strains DA, ACI, ACP, MR, BD V and AS2, and of the congenic lines LEW.1A, LEW.1D and LEW.1F, were explored. All of these inbred strains and these congenic lines type with anti-Ag-B4 antisera raised against the DA strain, which behaved as operationally mono-specific in previously reported studies of the eight currently defined Ag-B haplotypes. Serological analyses showed that this cross-reactivity was due to antibodies against public antigenic specificities which were not previously recognized as being in the anti-Ag-B4 antisera, due to the fact that the LEW.1D and LEW.1F animals were not available for testing. With the use of appropriate antisera and of absorption studies, two haplotypes in the H-1 system were found not to have been previously identified in the Ag-B system. The animals carrying the H-1d haplotype (MR, BD V and LEW.1D) have been designated as Ag-B9, and those carrying the H-1f haplotype (AS2 and LEW.1F) have been designated as Ag-B10. With the proper absorptions, an anti-Ag-B4 antiserum can be prepared which reacts only with the DA, ACI and ACP strains, and it will henceforth be used as the operationally mono-specific Ag-B4 typing reagent. A variety of typing experiments showed that the results using antisera raised in Pittsburgh and in Prague and using the Ficoll and dextran haemagglutination methods were the same.

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

Iridocyclitis in black Americans: association with HLA B8 suggests an autoimmune aetiology.

Histocompatibility (HLA) testing was performed on a total of 171 black Americans, 129 controls, and 42 patients with iridocyclitis. None of the patients had a history of rheumatological disease. The phenotype frequency of HLA B8 was greatly increased among patients than the control group (exact p = 0.0010). Most striking was the almost identical phenotypic frequency of B27 found in patients and in the control group (exact p = 0.07087). No HLA DR antigen in the patient group was found to be significantly raised when compared with controls. The HLA B8 associated diseases was seen more in females, was bilateral and nongranulomatous, had no systemic disease associated with it, and left patients with visual handicap. The HLA B8 antigen has been associated with various entities of presumed autoimmune origin, and these data suggest that iridocyclitis, at least in blacks, may be of similar aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The Italian quality control scheme for crossmatching procedures and HLA sera screening: the 2002 pilot study.

CONTEXT: The first national quality control (QC) program of histocompatibility serum testing was performed in Italy in 2002. OBJECTIVE: To monitor the performance of HLA typing laboratories while meeting the accreditation requirements of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), which require HLA typing laboratories to participate in external QC of their crossmatch and antibody analyses. DESIGN: The Turin Transplant Immunology Service was asked to organize a QC survey of 17 HLA typing laboratories in Italy. Each laboratory received 12 serum specimens and 6 blood samples and was required to perform 36 crossmatches and 12 serum antibody specificity determinations. SETTINGS: Data of participating centers were compared to establish whether EFI requirements were satisfied. RESULTS: In crossmatch analysis, the results of 32 of 36 crossmatches reached the 75% consensus target, with all the participating laboratories meeting the standards of the EFI. In antibody analysis, only 7 of 17 laboratories met the EFI standards. CONCLUSION: The first Italian QC program shows that the participating laboratories obtained consistent results in crossmatching, whereas the results were less satisfactory in the determination of serum antibody specificity, where consensus was reached only with monospecific sera and antibody-negative samples.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed2006

Immunoglobulin class (IgG, IgM) determination by dithiothreitol in sensitized kidney transplant candidates.

Immunoglobulin class plays an important role in the histocompatibility crossmatch test to predict hyperacute rejection in kidney transplantation. The existing data indicates that immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies, particularly when they are autoantibodies, are not deleterious to the renal allograft. We used the reducing agent dithiotreitol (DTT) to inactivate IgM but not IgG in the crossmatch assay to help sensitized patients have the chance for successful transplantation. In this descriptive study, 57 candidates for kidney transplantation with final positive crossmatches who had a history of panel-reactive antibody (PRA) greater than 30% were selected. Two of 57 patients had systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). The sera of patients were treated by DTT and then measured for cytotoxicity against donor lymphocytes and a panel of 12 cells using the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) method. Autocrossmatch was also performed to differentiate autoantibodies and alloantibodies by the CDC method. Of the 57 patients, six subjects (10.53%) had IgM and 51 patients (89.47%) IgG in their serum against donor lymphocytes. Also against panel cells, 39 of 57 patients (68.43%) had IgG, three patients (5.26%) had IgM, and 15 patients (26.31%) had both IgG and IgM antibodies. Autolymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in 1.75% patients (1 of 57) who had SLE. According to our results, 5.26% of the patients who were IgM-positive and IgG-negative for both crossmatch and PRA assays may experience successful kidney transplantation.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

Histocompatibility-2 system in wild mice. II. H-2 haplotypes of t-bearing mice.

As a first step in the study of the possible relationship between the T/t and H-2 complexes, the H-2 antigenic composition of the strains carrying factors t12, tw32, tw2, tw8, t1, t0, t6, tw1, tw71, tw73, tw12, tw5, tw75, and t38 was studied by using a battery of antisera containing antibodies against inbred-derived H-2 antigens. In addition, five t strains (t12, t6, tw5, tw1, and tw2) were selected for the production of antisera against the H-2 complexes carried by t chromosomes. Spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells from H-2b/t heterozygotes and tw2/tw2 homozygotes were injected into appropriate F1 hybrids between two inbred strains that carried the inbred-derived H-2 antigens of the donor. Four new H-2 antigens and one Ia antigen were uncovered and were assigned the symbols H-2.106 through H-2.109, and Ia.101, respectively. Three new H-2 haplotypes were also described, based upon the H-2 antigenic pattern of three t factors, t12, tw1, and tw5. These new haplotypes were given the symbols H-2t12, H-2tw1, and H-2tw5. When the t factors were grouped according to their H-2 haplotypes, their distribution, with certain exceptions, corresponded to the complementation groups. Thus, t chromosomes in the same complementation group carried similar, if not identical, H-2 haplotypes, despite the fact that these chromosomes were derived from widely separated geographic areas. Such an association between the t and H-2 complexes is most unusual in light of what is known of the polymorphism of H-2 haplotypes in wild mice populations. It suggests more than a casual relationship, at least at the population level, between the t and H-2 loci.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of HLA and platelet-reactive antibodies in alloimmunized patients refractory to platelet therapy.

Platelet crossmatching assays have been used to predict the outcome of platelet transfusions in alloimmunized patients by detecting antibodies against platelets. The transfusion failure of HLA-matched platelets predicted by platelet crossmatching may be related to HLA antibodies undetected by lymphocytotoxicity but detected by platelet immunoglobulin-binding assays or platelet-specific antibodies (both antibodies defined here as platelet-reactive antibodies). To differentiate platelet-reactive antibodies from lymphocytotoxic HLA antibodies, we used HLA characterized lymphocytes in parallel with platelets from individuals to form separate frozen panels. Sera from 10 allosensitized patients were studied in the lymphocyte panel by lymphocytotoxicity and in the platelet panel by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). By comparing pattern and percent wells reacting in each panel, lymphocytotoxic HLA antibodies and antibodies reactive with platelets in ELISA were detected separately. In all 10 allosensitized patients, platelet-associated antibodies were present and 7 had additional lymphocytotoxic HLA antibodies. Using this double parallel panel technique, we found platelet-reactive antibodies important in platelet alloimmunization, unrecognized by lymphocytotoxicity. These data indicate platelet-crossmatching be solely used in the selection of platelets for allosensitized patients.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1980

Studies of H-2Kb mutant mice. I. Description and serological studies of B6.C-H-2bm9, -H-2bm10, and -H-2bm11.

Three new H-2b mutant strains, B6.C-H-2bm9, B6.C-H-2bm10 and B6.C-H-2bm11, are described. The three mutant strains are of the gain and loss type as they reject skin grafts reciprocally with the parental C57BL/6Kh. The mutations, which arose independently, are all allelic at the same locus as 11 other mutant strains already described. By complementation and other studies the mutated gene has been shown to be H-2Kb. The strains were typed directly and by absorption with antisera specific for H-2Kb and H-2Db private and public specificities and for Iab specificities. Each strain typed differently with these sera. The strin B6.C-H-2bm9 was found to be serologically identical with C57BL/6. The strains B6.C-H-2bm10 and B6.C-H-2bm11 were found to have alterations in the private H-2Kb specificity, H-2.33, and in the public specificity, H-2.5, but to a different extent. B6.C-H-2bm10 had a marked decrease in the amount of H-2.33 expressed on the splenic cell surface as compared to C57BL/6 and also has a marked decrease in the expression of H-2.5 on both spleen and red blood cells. In comparison, B6.-H-2bm11 has a decrease in the expression of H-2.33 but an increase in the expression of H-2.5 on both splenic and red blood cells. The other H-2b specificities appeared to be unaltered as compared with C57BL/6.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Human leucocyte antigen and insulin gene regions and nephropathy in type I diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Diabetic nephropathy seems to have a strong genetic component. Genes involved in the genetic susceptibility to Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes have been suggested to have a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to examine the role of human leucocyte antigen and insulin genes in susceptibility to nephropathy in patients with Type I diabetes. METHODS: We carried out a genetic association study examining insulin gene polymorphisms using three large cohorts of patients with Type I diabetes: nephropathy (n = 258), long duration non-nephropathy (n = 153) and a recently diagnosed (sporadic) diabetic cohort (n = 264). Human leucocyte antigen typing results were obtained in a smaller number due to assay failures (n = 182, 126 and 200 respectively). RESULTS: No significant difference was seen in the distribution of human leucocyte antigen A, B, C, DR, DQA1 and DQB1 haplotypes and alleles between the three diabetic cohorts. No significant difference was seen in insulin '+' and '-' genotypes and alleles between the three diabetic cohorts. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Human leucocyte antigen and insulin gene loci are unlikely to have a major role in the susceptibility to nephropathy in Caucasian patients with Type I diabetes in the United Kingdom.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Familial uveitis. Forms and incidence in patients at the University Eye Hospital Tubingen].

OBJECTIVE: A familial accumulation in some forms of uveitis has rarely been described. The objective of this study was to identify such cases and to examine both clinical course and similarities in the HLA-pattern. METHODS: From 1993 to 2000 all new uveitis patients, who were examined in the uveitis clinic of the University Eye Hospital Tuebingen, were asked about a positive family history. If possible, all affected family members underwent an ophthalmological examination and HLA-typing was performed. RESULTS: In 7 families we found a familial accumulation of uveitis. The underlying etiologies were anterior uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis with HLA-B27 association, anterior uveitis in Blau syndrome with no HLA association, anterior and intermediate uveitis in sarcoidosis with no HLA association, and panuveitis in Behçet's disease with HLA-B51 association. For familial uveitis we calculated an incidence of 0.03 cases per 100,000 persons and year. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that familial forms of uveitis are very rare. We suggest that these may be subgroups of known uveitis syndromes (e.g. sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis). The factors causing the inheritance are still unknown. By genetic examination of families with uveitis it may be possible to identify single uveitis genes or possible antigens.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1975

Clinical experience with transfusion of granulocytes obtained by continuous flow filtration leukopheresis.

Granulocytes obtained by continuous flow filtration leukopheresis (CFFL) were transfused to 21 patients on 131 occasions. An average of 28.2 times 10-9 granulocytes were administered per transfusion. These cells were more than 90 per cent viable by dye exclusion, ingested latex particles normally and had almost normal bactericidal activity. Migration to skin windows was demonstrated on four of six attempts, but 51-Cr-labeling studies failed to show localization in infected areas on six occasions. Post-transfusion granulocyte count increments averaged 225/mul and were transient. Significant transfusion reactions occurred during 35 transfusions to 13 patients. Reactions occurred in some patients without demonstrable alloimmunization and after six infusions of HL-A identical or compatible cells. Definite clinical improvement was noted in three recipients. Stabilization of infection with patient survival occurred nine times, and progression of infection with death eight times. Granulocytes obtained by CFFL are viable and functional. Their transfusion is not without risk and must still be considered an investigative procedure of suggestive but as yet unproved clinical efficacy.

Acute Disease↗