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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Choristoma in the vocal fold].

Choristoma in the larynx is rare and related to thyroid or glial tissue. The manifestation of salivary gland tissue in the larynx has not been reported to date. We present the case of an 80 year old male complaining of hoarseness and productive coughing. A left side tumourous swelling was seen in the larynx with intact vocal cord mobility. Using microlaryngoscopy the mass was resected without any intra- or postoperative problems. Histologically, a choristoma-heterotopic salivary gland tissue in the muscle and fat tissue--was found. The mucosa was intact and there were no signs of malignancy. Differential diagnosis of such masses in the larynx include benign lesions as well as specific infections, e.g. tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis and Wegener's granulomatosis. Especially in non-smokers, sarcoma, lymphoma and melanoma should be separated from the frequent squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngeal tissue. In rare cases, heterotopic tissue can mimic a tumourous mass. Intralaryngeal resection is the therapy of choice and should be recommended to the patient.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2004

[Voice-improving laser-surgical therapy in amyloidosis of the larynx].

Laryngeal amyloidosis is relatively uncommon, accounting for only 0.2-1.5% of all laryngeal tumours. Hoarseness, dysphagia and stridor are potential clinical symptoms. A systemic amyloidosis should be excluded even though symptoms are only apparent in the head and neck region. For the localised form, surgical excision of the excess tissue is performed. We discuss the development of the disease, together with its diagnostics and therapy, based on the case report of a 42 year old female patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Therapy for unilateral vocal fold palsy].

The main symptom of unilateral vocal fold palsy is hoarseness, which can cause considerable disturbance to the patient depending on its extent and the patient's individual situation. Therapy aims at the restitution of a tuneful and resilient voice, which can be achieved by surgical or conservative means, improving the glottal closure and synchronizing the vocal fold vibrations during phonation. Vocal therapy is a common conservative method that may be supported by psychotherapeutic or physical procedures. In surgical therapy, there is a distinction between techniques of endoscopic augmentation by injecting different materials into the vocal folds and transcutaneous laryngeal framework surgery, i.e., transferring the paralyzed vocal fold to the glottal midline. Particularly apt for injection are biocompatible materials amount and position whose can easily be controlled. However, the inevitable resorption of many materials causes deterioration in voice quality. Furthermore, the change of vocal fold morphology obstructs regular phonatory vibration. On the other hand, medialization thyroplasty leads to permanent voice amelioration without a substantial complication rate when performed by experienced surgeons.

Hoarseness↗
PubMed1997

[Functional voice quality assessment in curative microsurgery of laryngeal malignancies. Postoperative voice rehabilitation based on the "laryngeal double valve function"].

According to Negus and Pressman the sphincter systems of the vocal folds and the ventricular folds form a respiratory "laryngeal double valve function". Correspondingly, we found a physiological phonation system of the glottis and a pathological-compensatory one of the supraglottis. They appear to be regulated through an automatic phonatory control system with the glottal phonatory function evidently acting as sensor level. In order to confirm this hypothesis, objective voice analyses with glottal-relevant parameters of 26 voice-rehabilitated patients after minimally invasive laser surgery of glottal carcinomas are presented and integrated into a "hoarseness diagram" with the coordinates roughness and breathiness. Using statistically deliminated acoustic dusters, our data show a qualitative hierarchy of different postoperative phonation mechanisms. They demonstrate the influence of the vibratory capacity of glottal and supraglottal structures on the quality of the vibratory closure. Both functional parameters evidently determine the resulting voice quality in the sense of our hypothesis.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Vocal fold vibration irregularities caused by different types of laryngeal asymmetry.

The common symptom of hoarseness is regarded to be caused by (1) turbulences and air loss due to incomplete glottic closure and (2) irregular vibrations of the vocal folds. With real time resolution, the latter can only be observed using high-speed recording techniques (> or =2,000 images/s). In this paper an actual recording method is described, called high-speed glottography (HGG), which quantifies vibration irregularities. It combines imaging and image processing techniques with a functional endoscopy of the disordered voice and delivers motion curves separately for each vocal fold. They are fitted with a computer simulation in order to identify the underlying driving parameters of the vibration. A vocal fold is assumed to vibrate as a system of two coupled oscillators ("two-mass model"). From the model fit to bilateral motion curves, the subglottal pressure, muscular tension and oscillating masses of the vocal folds can be computed with reasonable accuracy. Besides normal voices, HGG has been applied to selected clinical cases of voice disorders. Two types of irregularities have been measured: there is a frequency difference either between left and right vocal folds (horizontal asymmetry) or on one side between the ventral and dorsal third (vertical asymmetry). By modeling, both categories of irregular motion curves can be explained in detail. It is presumed that laryngeal asymmetry (either in mass or tension) causes irregular vibrations.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Multidimensional voice analysis of reflux laryngitis patients.

The aim of the study was to analyze and quantify the voice characteristics of reflux laryngitis (RL) patients and to determine the most important voice tests and voice-quality parameters in the functional diagnostics of RL. The voices of 83 RL patients and 31 persons in the control group were evaluated. Vocal function was assessed using a multidimensional set of video laryngostroboscopic, perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic and subjective measurements according to the protocol elaborated by the Committee on Phoniatrics of the European Laryngological Society. The mean values of the hoarseness visual analogue scale assessment and voice handicap index were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the group of RL patients as compared to the controls. Objective voice assessment revealed a significant increase in mean values of jitter, shimmer and normalized noise energy (NNE), along with a significant decrease in pitch range, maximum frequency, phonetogram area (S) and maximum phonation time (MPT) in RL patients, both in the male and female subgroups. According to the results of discriminant analysis, the NNE, MPT, S and intensity range were determined as an optimum set for functional diagnostics of RL. The derived function (equation) makes it possible to assign the person to the group of RL patients with an accuracy of 86.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of eight voice parameters were found to be higher than 50%. The results of the present study demonstrate a reduction of phonation capabilities and voice quality in RL patients. Multidimensional voice evaluation makes it possible to detect significant differences in mean values of perceptual, subjective and objective voice quality parameters between RL patients and controls groups. Therefore, multidimensional voice analysis is an important tool in the functional diagnostics of RL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Current clinical propensity of laryngeal tuberculosis: review of 60 cases.

Although laryngeal tuberculosis is not frequent, it still occurs with an increasing incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Clinical pattern and spread mechanism of this disease have also changed as well. This study was performed to examine the current propensity seen in laryngeal tuberculosis and the clinical characteristics of this disease in patients showing atypical clinical pattern. The medical and videostroboscopic records of 60 patients with laryngeal tuberculosis diagnosed from the year 1994 to 2004 at the department of otorhinolaryngology in Severance Hospital were analyzed. The age of the patients ranged from 25 to 78 years, with their average age being 49.7 years. The ratio between men and women was 1.9:1. The major symptom encountered was hoarseness (96.6%). Clinically, granulomatous (n=22) and ulcerative types (n=11) of laryngeal tuberculosis were still prevalent, however, the incidence of atypical types such as polypoid (n=16) and nonspecific (n=11) were on the rise. Among the 27 cases that showed polypoid or nonspecific types, unilateral lesion was seen in 20 cases (74%). The most frequently affected area by this disease was true vocal cord, followed by false vocal cord, epiglottis, arytenoids and posterior commissure. Active pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 28 (46.7%), inactive pulmonary tuberculosis in 20 (33.3%), normal lung status in 12 cases (20%). Primary laryngeal tuberculosis was present in 9 cases (15%). Single lesion, polypoid and nonspecific type were prevalent in patients with inactive tuberculosis or normal lungs status. Physicians should be aware of the changes in the clinical pattern of laryngeal tuberculosis, which poses serious complications and risk of spreading.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A puzzling cause for bilateral vocal cord palsies in a patient with relapsed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is a frequent complication of a variety of cancers. It is easy to diagnose and not fatal. Bilateral VCP is rare and it is fatal if not appropriately managed. We encountered a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed bilateral VCP with hoarseness and respiratory distress 2 years after initial diagnosis. A tracheostomy was performed to restore airway patency.

Dyspnea↗
PubMed2007

Effect of antisecretory therapy on atypical symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy on extraesophageal or atypical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of atypical manifestations in patients with acid reflux disease and the effect of PPI treatment. Patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of reflux were enrolled. Erosive esophagitis was stratified using the Los Angeles classification. Demographic data and symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire and included typical symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, odynophagia), and atypical symptoms (e.g., chest pain, sialorrhea, hoarseness, globus sensation, chronic coughing, episodic bronchospasm, hiccup, eructations, laryngitis, and pharyngitis). Symptoms were reassessed after a 3-month course of b.i.d. PPI therapy. A total of 266 patients with a first diagnosis of GERD (erosive, 166; non-erosive, 100) were entered in the study. Presentation with atypical symptoms was approximately equal in those with erosive GERD and with non-erosive GERD, 72% vs 79% (P = 0.18). None of the study variables showed a significant association with the body mass index. PPI therapy resulted in complete symptom resolution in 69% (162/237) of the participants, 12% (28) had improved symptoms, and 20% (47) had minimal or no improvement. We conclude that atypical symptoms are frequent in patients with GERD. A trial of PPI therapy should be considered prior to referring these patients to specialists.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Laryngotracheal disruption from blunt pediatric neck injuries: impact of early recognition and intervention on outcome.

Blunt and penetrating neck injuries are an infrequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Although less common than penetrating injuries, blunt pediatric neck injuries are more often life-threatening because of associated laryngotracheal disruption. The authors reviewed their experience with pediatric neck injuries over the past 5 years. There were nine blunt and 14 penetrating injuries, representing 0.5% of the trauma admissions. There was no significant difference in age or gender distribution between the two groups. Blunt pediatric neck injuries were more often associated with frank respiratory distress at the time of presentation. Massive subcutaneous emphysema and hoarseness were the most common symptoms encountered. All patients with blunt injury underwent direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (DL & B) and esophagoscopy. DL & B results were positive for eight patients; seven patients underwent neck exploration and successful repair of the laryngotracheal injuries. There were two deaths; one of these patients had laryngeal transection, which was not recognized at the time of DL & B. The other death resulted from associated tracheobronchial disruption secondary to massive blunt chest trauma. The patients with penetrating neck injuries were more likely to be treated nonoperatively, to have a shorter stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, and to have a lower injury severity score. There were no deaths in this group. The authors conclude that all patients with blunt neck trauma should undergo emergent and meticulous DL & B. Visualization of laryngotracheal disruption mandates immediate neck exploration and primary repair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae.

Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae is an uncommon genetic disease characterized by accumulation of glycoproteinaceous material not only at mucocutaneous sites but also in salivary glands, central and peripheral nervous systems, eyes, nd other organs and tissues. The course of the disease is protracted, and it is not likely to regress, either spontaneously or with therapy. Although it does not usually result in decreased longevity, the disorder may produce considerable disfigurement and functional impairment. This article documents the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented with vocal weakness, misarticulations, and hoarseness; hypopigmented scarring of the arms and pubis; fibrotic thickenings of the oral and laryngeal mucosa; and serous otitis media. A tongue biopsy revealed diffuse hyaline deposits throughout the connective tissue and in a lamellar pattern about blood vessels. A diagnosis of hyalinosis cutis et mucosae was made.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Head and neck manifestations of tumoral calcinosis.

Intraoral facial and laryngeal features of tumoral calcinosis are reviewed in six patients of Jewish-Yemenite descent. Extraoral features included calcified masses, erythematous patches, and angular cheilitis. Oral soft tissue findings included papillary hyperplasia of the lip vermilion and velvety-red macules on the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. Gingival findings included advanced periodontitis and an erythematous marginal gingivitis. In all patients, orthognathic evaluation revealed a concave profile, retruded maxilla, and relative mandibular prognathism. Although previously reported clinical dental abnormalities were not present, extracted teeth demonstrated abnormal dentin. Hoarseness was present in all patients and was the earliest appearing feature in two patients. The appearance of these head and neck findings preceded the classical manifestations of tumoral calcinosis and may be helpful in the early diagnosis of this entity. The varied reported features of tumoral calcinosis support the notion that this disease may present multiple formes frustes with variable clinical expressivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cervical carotid aneurysm presenting as transient ischemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.

Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare. Neurological manifestations in patients with these lesions may be quite varied. This paper presents a unique patient who showed both hoarseness due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis as a local sign of compression, and ischemic syncopal attack as an embolic or flow-related symptom. Little has appeared in the otolaryngologic literature, despite the fact that many patients have symptoms that may initially lead them to see an otolaryngologist. A misleading needle biopsy of the mass in the neck was performed by a local otolaryngologist before the diagnosis was confirmed. The literature on the subject is briefly reviewed.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed2004

Endovascular repair for multiple Salmonella mycotic aneurysms of the thoracic aorta presenting with Cardiovocal syndrome.

Salmonella mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm is a rare but life-threatening condition. We report a 59-year-old man with two Salmonella mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysms, presented with fever and chills associated with hoarseness due to left vocal cord palsy (Cardiovocal syndrome). Successful endovascular repair was performed using two Talent thoracic stent-graft devices deployed separately to cover the two mycotic aneurysms. Subsequent computed tomography at 12 months after the operation confirmed exclusion of the two pseudoaneurysms with no endoleak. With potent antibiotics and careful surveillance program, endovascular repair is a possible alternative to conventional open surgery in the management of mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysms, especially in high-risk patients.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMed2005

Anesthetic management for laser excision of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a third trimester parturient.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is characterized by the development of laryngeal papillomas, which can produce partial to complete upper airway obstruction. Patients with RRP often require intermittent surgical excision to treat symptoms such as hoarseness and stridor, and to control progression of the lesions. The anesthetic management of such patients is challenging, and it requires carefully coordinated care between an anesthesiologist and otolaryngologist. We present 2 cases of general anesthesia administration during surgical excision of laryngeal papillomas, both occurring during the third trimester of separate pregnancies in the same parturient. The complexity of management was amplified in these cases because of the physiological and anatomical changes associated with pregnancy, along with the need to monitor fetal well-being. Possible complications included complete airway obstruction, pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, hypoxemia, fetal distress, and preterm labor. Because pregnancy may lead to activation of human papillomavirus, the causative organism of RRP, management guidelines are provided for anesthesiologists who may care for patients with RRP during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Inhaled corticosteroids: hazardous effects on voice-an update.

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have become the prevalent treatment in asthmatics. Hazards to voice are under-recognized. A total of 38 patients with voice complaints associated with the use of ICS were assessed by 79 strobovideolaryngoscopy (SVL) examinations, 24 single and 14 multiple SVL. Hoarseness and dysphonia were the primary reasons for referral. The ICS initially used most frequently was Advair Diskus (fluticasone propionate and salmeterol-inhalation powder-[IP]) in 22 patients, followed by Flovent (fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol-pressurized metered-dose inhaler-[PMDI]) in 11. Duration of ICS usage varied from 2 weeks to 4-5 years. Higher dosage and frequency of use exacerbated problems. Hazards to voice previously unrecognized by real-time indirect mirror or fiberoptic laryngoscopy were identified by meticulous attention to SVL abnormalities. There was essentially no difference in occurrence of abnormalities whether analyzed from the perspective of the initial 38 or all 79 examinations. These included abnormal mucosal wave symmetry/periodicity (76-63%), phase closure (74-63%), glottic closure (63-59%), mucosal wave amplitude/magnitude (50-35%), supraglottic hyperactivity (39-25%), mucosal quality (34-34%), and glottic plane (10-5%). Candidiasis of the larynx was infrequently observed. Fluticasone ICS were a cause of steroid inhaler laryngitis, and the best treatment was their avoidance or cessation. Further prospective studies ideally might include SVL documented as a pretherapy baseline and then repeated in each ICS patient who developed hoarseness/dysphonia.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2006

Predicting mutational change in the speaking voice of boys.

SUMMARY: The authors investigated whether acoustic speaking voice analyses can be used to predict the beginning of mutation in 21 male members of a professional boys' choir. Over a period of 3 years before mutation, children were examined every 3 months by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and phoniatric specialists. At the same time, the voice was evaluated acoustically using analysis features of the Goettingen Hoarseness Diagram (GHD). Irregularity component and noise component, jitter, shimmer, mean waveform correlation coefficient, and fundamental frequency were determined from recordings of the speaking voice. Significant changes of acoustic features appeared 7 and 5 months before mutation onset, which indicates that vocal function is already restricted 6 months before mutation onset. This acoustic voice analysis is therefore suitable to support the care of the professional singing voice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Unusual case of laryngeal tumor (capillary hemangioma) obturating the larynx.

OBJECTIVES: Capillary hemangioma isolated to the free edge of the vocal fold is a rare clinical finding. We see many young patients, mostly infants under a year, who are having surgical intervention for laryngeal hemangiomas. A rapid proliferative phase occurs during the first 9 to 12 months of life; this followed by an involution phase that may be completed by 3 to 5 years of age, but can last up to 12 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who had hoarseness for a two-year related to a laryngeal mass which growth pattern was unknown. RESULTS: On endoscopic examination a polypoid mass, which was diagnosed as a capillary hemangioma later, appeared on the left vocal fold. The lesion was excised with cold-knife instrumentation by using mini-flap technique. CONCLUSION: The clinical and histopathological features and therapeutic options are discussed.

Adolescent↗