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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[The role of periodontal diseases in bad breath].

The majority of bad breath originates within the oral cavity. However, it is also possible that it is caused by other extra-oral sources. Ear-nose-and-throat causes and systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, uremia, liver failure, pulmonary carcinoma, bronchiectasis, are the most frequent problems. In 65-85% of the cases of bad breath, we find the cause in the parodontium and/or tongue. Components from tongue coating and periodontal pockets circulate through the saliva in the whole oral cavity and also reach the tonsils.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

[Levels of volatile sulfur compounds and the analysis of related factors in oral cavities of 384 health subjects in Chengdu].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of oral malodor in a group of health cohorts in Chengdu, China by using different diagnostic methods. METHODS: Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) level was evaluated by using Halimeter. The organoleptic score and tongue coating index were also evaluated. A questionnaire interview was conducted at the same time. RESULTS: There were 21.61% subjects whose oral VSCs level were more than 300 ppb. No significant difference was found between male and female for the VSCs values. The subjects with malodor (score > or = 6) evaluated by organoleptic score were 28.91%, and the difference between the male and female was significant (P < 0.05). Further, a significant correlation could be detected between the VSCs level, organoleptic score and tongue coating index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study indicates that nearly one of fourth people suffer from oral malodor. Malodor has significant correlation with tongue coating, so cleaning of tongue dorsum is very important to reduce oral malodor.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of tongue and oral mucosa cleaning on oral Candida species and production of volatile sulfur compounds in the elderly in a nursing home.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral care using simple tools and methods on the cleanliness of the oral cavity in the elderly. Enrolled were 84 elderly subjects with a mean (+/-S.D) age of 85.1+/-7.0 years in a nursing home. They were given tongue and oral mucosa cleaning (the oral care) after lunch every day or every other day for two consecutive weeks by the authors. The effect of the oral care was studied in terms of Candida scores in tongue coating, concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) which are the main causative substance of bad breath, and change in tongue coating scores. The above parameters were measured five times; just before the oral care program, weekly during, and at the end of the oral care program. The groups of patients, who were given the oral care, especially the group of patients cared with sponge brushes every day, showed a significant reduction in Candida scores but not in VSC concentration and tongue coating scores. The present method of oral care proved effective in cleaning the tongue and oral mucosa, and the Candida scores appeared to be a reliable indicator for evaluation. It is suggested that this way of oral care is simple, easy and useful not only for the elderly at a nursing home but for the house-bound elder people who will rapidly increase in the near future in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the supragingival plaque of children with and without caries.

PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to determine the presence of 3 periodontopathic bacteria in the supragingival plaques of 3- to 16-year-old children with different oral health conditions. METHODS: DMFT and dft, PMA index (P=papillary gingivitis, M=marginal gingivitis, and A=attached gingivitis), OHI (oral hygiene index), and oral malodor of each subject were determined prior to the collection of supragingival plaques. Periodontopathic bacteria (P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans) in supragingival plaques were detected using an immunoslot blot assay with monoclonal 3 periodontopathic bacteria in the 2 subject groups (children with and without caries). P. gingivalis-positive subjects, but not their P. intermedia or A. actinomycetemcomitans counterparts, were correlated to oral malodor. Oral malodor was also correlated to debris index, a component of OHI. RESULTS: The group with the higher OHI showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria. For the 3 periodontopathic bacteria in the subjects tested, P. gingivalis-, P. intermedia-, and A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive plaques were not age related. CONCLUSIONS: The supragingival plaques in children can harbor periodontopathic bacteria such as P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The effect of four mouthrinses on oral malodor.

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of four mouthrinses in clinical outcomes of changes in oral malodor measurements in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, longitudinal clinical trial in adults. The four rinses were coded as Products 1, 2, 3, and 4 so that neither the examiners nor subjects had the knowledge of treatment. Of the four mouthrinses, two were commercially available mouthrinses with essential oils (EO) or chlorine dioxide plus zinc (CD/Zn) as active ingredients (Products 1 and 4), one mouthrinse was a formulation containing cetylpyridinium chloride (Product 2), and one was a placebo (Product 3). A total of 99 subjects who met the study criteria were assigned randomly to one of the four groups. At three separate visits (0, 2, and 4 weeks), subjects received an examination of the oral soft tissues and were assessed for baseline oral malodor by two organoleptic judges and a laboratory instrument that measures oral malodor. Subjects were instructed to use the assigned rinse, and the measurements were performed again after 2 and 4 hours. Throughout the 4-week study period, each subject was asked to use the assigned rinse twice daily per the manufacturer's recommended directions. The results showed that the four mouthrinses reduced oral malodor within 4 hours after a single usage, with Product 2 being the most effective and the placebo being the least effective. Daily use of EO, CD/Zn, and placebo rinses for up to 4 weeks did not reduce oral malodor from week 0 baseline values, and the effects on oral malodor were comparable among these three mouthrinses. Product 2 was the only mouthrinse that reduced oral malodor from baseline values after 2 and 4 weeks of daily use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of volatile sulphur compounds production at individual gingival crevicular sites in humans.

The present investigation describes a method for collection and analysis of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) from gingival crevicular sites in humans. Tenax-GC trapping devices were used to adsorb and concentrate VSC from crevicular air at -55 degrees C, which were then thermally desorbed at 120 degrees C. Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were performed using a Tracor 550 GC equipped with a flame-photometric detector and a Teflon column packed with 5% polyphenyl ether and 0.05% phosphoric acid on 30-40 mesh Teflon. Sulfides identified from crevicular sites include hydrogen sulfide [H2S], methyl mercaptan [CH3SH], dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S], and dimethyl disulfide [(CH3S)2]. Of the seventeen patients studied, crevicular sites that were either deep (P.D. > or = 4 mm) or inflamed (BoP = 1) exhibited significantly larger CH3SH to H2S ratios than corresponding crevicular shallow (P.D. < or = 3 mm) sites (p < .10) or noninflamed (BoP = 0) sites (p < .05). Similarly, total sulphur in deep and inflamed sites was significantly higher than in corresponding shallow (p < .01) and noninflamed (p < .05) sites. This is the first known in vivo study to quantitate VSC directly from individual gingival crevices.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reduction in the levels of oral malodor precursors by hydrogen peroxide: in-vitro and in-vivo assessments.

The potential of hydrogen peroxide to reduce the levels of salivary thiol precursors of oral malodor was investigated in-vitro and in-vivo. In both cases the concentration of thiol groups was determined colorimetrically by quantitative reaction with 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) diphenyl carbinol. Addition of volumes of hydrogen peroxide solution (containing between 0.18 and 0.90 mmol) to premeasured aliquots of saliva in-vitro, resulted in reductions in salivary thiol levels of between 53% and 75% compared to controls. This positive indication prompted an in-vivo investigation. The efficacy of a fluoride-containing test toothpaste also containing 0.67% hydrogen peroxide and 5.48% sodium bicarbonate was evaluated in a crossover study using ten male and female subjects (non-smokers). All subjects used the test product and a control fluoride dentifrice, in a random order. For the duration of the study subjects used a standard silica based toothpaste containing 1500 ppm F (as sodium monofluorophosphate) exclusively for their normal oral hygiene. On each sampling morning they refrained from oral hygiene and eating and drinking on rising. At the test facility they generated a background saliva sample stimulated by chewing unflavored, unsweetened gum. Subjects brushed for 1 minute with 1.50 (+/- 0.05) g test or control paste and generated another saliva sample as before, 30 minutes after product application. Using the same analytical procedures the mean (+/- SEM) percent reduction in salivary thiol levels post treatment compared to baseline was found to be 59.0 (+/- 7.0)% for the test product compared with 12.5 (+/- 5.2)% for the fluoride control paste.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

The technology behind Colgate Total Advanced Fresh.

In the early 1990s, a breakthrough toothpaste, Colgate Total, was launched with documented long-lasting activity against plaque, gingivitis, calculus, tooth decay, and bad breath. The technology behind this toothpaste is the combination of triclosan, a polyvinylmethylether/maleic acid copolymer, and sodium fluoride. The copolymer ensures maximal oral retention and subsequent release of the antibacterial triclosan. Effective levels of triclosan have been observed in the oral cavity 12 hours after brushing the teeth, allowing prolonged control of oral bacteria that may cause the most common dental problems, including bad breath. Similarly, the enhanced retention of triclosan to oral surfaces after using this revolutionary toothpaste for up to 2 years has led to significantly reduced incremental coronal caries compared to an American Dental Association-Approved anticavity fluoride toothpaste. Furthermore, significantly less calcium remained in dental plaque after brushing the teeth with the triclosan/copolymer toothpaste, resulting in the formation of less tartar. In keeping with the multiple oral health benefits provided by Colgate Total, consumers are now offered a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, which provides the numerous therapeutic and esthetic benefits that are the hallmark of Colgate Total. The new dentifrice, which contains an impactful breath-freshening flavor, has been documented to provide sustained control of bad breath over 12 hours.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2003

The effects of a new therapeutic triclosan/copolymer/sodium-fluoride dentifrice on oral bacteria, including odorigenic species.

This investigation examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial effects of a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, formulated with triclosan/copolymer/sodium fluoride, on oral bacteria, including those odorigenic bacteria implicated in bad breath. The effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were compared to commercially available fluoride dentifrices that served as controls. Three experimental approaches were undertaken for these studies. In the first approach, the dentifrice formulations were tested in vitro against 13 species of oral bacteria implicated in bad breath. The second approach examined the antimicrobial activity derived from dentifrice that was adsorbed to and released from hydroxyapatite disks. In this approach, dentifrice-treated hydroxyapatite disks were immersed in a suspension of bacteria, and reduction in bacterial viability from the release of bioactive agents from hydroxyapatite was determined. The third approach examined the effect of treating bacteria immediately after their removal from the oral cavity of 11 adult human volunteers. This ex vivo study examined the viability of cultivable oral bacteria after dentifrice treatment for 2 minutes. Antimicrobial effects were determined by plating Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and control-dentifrice-treated samples on enriched media (for all cultivable oral bacteria) and indicator media (for hydrogen-sulfide-producing organisms), respectively. Results indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were significantly greater than either of the other dentifrices for all 13 oral odorigenic bacterial strains tested in vitro (P < or = 0.05). In the second approach, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh-treated hydroxyapatite disks were significantly more active in reducing bacterial growth than the other dentifrices tested (P < or = 0.05). Finally, ex vivo treatment of oral bacteria with Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated a 90.9% reduction of all oral cultivable bacteria and a 91.5% reduction of oral bacteria producing hydrogen sulfide compared with the control dentifrice. In conclusion, these results, taken together with the significant reductions in clinical malodor scores by Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated in organoleptic studies, strongly suggest that this dentifrice kills the bacteria that are implicated in the cause of bad breath.

Adult↗