SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GROUP PROCESSES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees.

This report describes a one-year experience with a new program of group therapy for Southeast Asians who were treated in a psychiatric program for Indochinese refugees. Cultural factors involving communication styles, respect for authority, and traditional social relationships greatly influence the group process. Socialization experiences which encouraged traditional activities and practical information were the most acceptable medium by all the groups. Psychological issues of losses, cultural conflicts, and persistent discussion of somatic symptoms were voiced throughout the activities. Formal group psychotherapy was periodically useful in some groups. Flexibility, meeting concrete needs, keeping a bicultural focus, and maintaining the individual therapy sessions contributed to the acceptance by the patient.

Acculturation↗

PubMed1999

The dream of consensus: finding common ground in a bioethical context.

Consensus is the holy grail of bioethics, the lynch pin of the assumption that well informed, well intentioned people may reach generally acceptable positions on ethically contentious issues. It has been especially important in bioethics, where advancing technology has assured an increasing field of complex medical dilemmas. This paper results on the use of a multicriterion decision making system (MCDM) analyzing group process in an attempt to better define hospital policy. In a pilot program at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, a series of small scale focus groups was constituted to examine criteria defining organ transplant eligibility. Criteria were organized hierarchically using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, an MCDM approach, and the resulting data was analyzed using Expert Choice 9.0, software designed to facilitate AHP analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis map barriers to practical consensus in a way not previously possible.

Child↗

PubMed1995

Group intervention: the healing journey of incest.

Nurse-facilitated, long-term group intervention provides a healing environment for adult survivors of incest. In this article, the healing journey of the group process is discussed as two clinical specialist nurse facilitators share their experiences of facilitating long-term incest groups for the past 5 years at a nurse-managed center for practice in the college of nursing at a large midwestern university. The group intervention, which consists of 51 sessions 1 1/2 hours in length, is discussed in depth. The three phases of the group and the tasks of each are developed in detail in relation to the mind-body-spirit healing that occurs. Use of clinical vignettes elaborates the group experiences and the healing evolution of the group members.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Research priorities for surge capacity.

The 2006 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference discussed key concepts within the field of surge capacity. Within the breakout session on research priorities, experts in disaster medicine and other related fields used a structured nominal-group process to delineate five critical areas of research. Of the 14 potential areas of discovery identified by the group, the top five were the following: 1) defining criteria and methods for decision making regarding allocation of scarce resources, 2) determining effective triage protocols, 3) determining key decision makers for surge-capacity planning and means to evaluate response efficacy (e.g., incident command), 4) developing effective communication and information-sharing strategies (situational awareness) for public-health decision support, and 5) developing methods and evaluations for meeting workforce needs. Five working groups were formed to consider the above areas and to devise sample research questions that were refined further by the entire group of participants.

Disaster Planning↗

PubMed1975

Perceptions and behaviors of dogmatic subjects in a T-group setting.

Ss scoring 1 SD above or below the mean of the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, Form E participated. During 12 hr. of training, Ss' behaviors were recorded by observers and each S was periodically rated by his peers on his perceived level of contributions to the group process. Significant differences were found between high and low dogmatics in the behaviors exhibited during the T-groups. Low dogmatics were more self-revealing, more attentive to the here-and-now aspects of the T-group, less apt to give negative feedback, and less likely to reject the group. A significant curvilinear relation was found between peer ratings and behavior in the T-group, with Ss who were rated extremely by their peers being more self-revealing, more attentive to the here-and-now of the group, more apt to give negative feedback, and less likely to reject the group verbally.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1991

An infant and toddler feeding group program.

At Children's Medical Center of Dayton, Ohio, several children whose early oral feedings were delayed or especially difficult due to physical problems became resistant and exhibited aversive behaviors when oral feeding was introduced. A support group, which lasted for 9 months, was initiated with six of these children and their families. In the group, professionals provided the families with general information about nutrition and behavior and with individualized intervention strategies for the nutritional and behavioral management of their child's specific problems. The families contributed mutual support and problem solving strategies through the group process. Each child demonstrated progress during the 9-month period, which suggests that intervention in a support-group format can be a successful alternative to an individual inpatient program for eating disorders in some young children.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1964

INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLAE IN DRESSED BROILER-FRYER CHICKENS.

Salmonellae were isolated from 72 of 264 broiler-fryer type chickens that had been purchased in retail stores in the Lafayette, Ind., area in 1963. Meat from the tail area and giblet portions were used in sampling. Equal numbers of dressed whole and cut-up birds were positive for salmonellae. Thirteen different serotypes were identified, the more common being Salmonella infantis, S. reading, and S. blockley. Incubation at 43 C of the blended sample in Selenite-F Enrichment broth containing cystine gave a larger number of recoveries than did incubation at 37 C. There was no significant difference between the means for the birds that yielded salmonellae and those that did not in the locally processed group, when compared for numbers of aerobic microorganisms at 37 C, coliforms, or most probable number of enterococci. In a comparison of poultry processed in-state by the five processors included in the study with that processed out-of-state, there was a general trend for a larger number of positive specimens in the locally produced group. The fall season was an exception.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Lack of male-female differences in disposition and esterase hydrolysis of ramipril to ramiprilat in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose.

The objective of this study was to identify differences in disposition and esterase hydrolysis of ramipril between male and female volunteers. Plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve until the last measured concentration (AUCt) data of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat (-diacid) were obtained from a randomised, cross-over bioequivalence study in 36 subjects (18 females and 18 males). Participants received a single 5-mg oral dose of two different formulations of ramipril (Formulation I and II). Plasma ramipril and ramiprilat concentrations were determined according to validated methods involving liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total number of 2 x 34 available plasma concentration-time curves of both the parent drug and the metabolite could be analysed, and variations (50-100% coefficient of variation [CV]) in plasma concentrations of both parent drug and metabolite were found. With both the formulations, the mean plasma concentrations-time curves of males and females were identical. The groups of female and male volunteers showed similar yields (AUCt = microg x h/L) of the metabolite ramiprilat (p = 0.37); however, females showed a higher AUCt/kg than males (p = 0.046). This difference was solely attributed to the difference in body weight between males and females (p = 0.00049). In both male and female groups, a subject-dependent yield of active metabolite ramiprilat was demonstrated, which was independent of the formulation. There is a large variation in the ramiprilat t1/2beta (50-60% CV). There is a group of subjects who showed a t1/2beta of approximately 80 h (15% CV), and two apparent groups with a longer t1/2beta for each formulation (124 h, 22.5% CV; 166 h, 21.6% CV, respectively, p = 0.0013). This variation in the terminal half-life of ramiprilat is not sex related. In all three groups of half-lives, the corresponding Cmax values (mean +/- SD) of ramiprilat in males and females were identical. Thus, with identical Cmax and half-lives, the difference found in the AUCt/kg of ramiprilat must be due to the difference in dose, as the consequence of the difference in body weight, following a standard dose of 5 mg in both males and females. This study showed clearly that despite subject-dependent hydrolysis of ramipril to the active metabolite ramiprilat, the variability in the rate of hydrolysis between males and females is similar. With a fixed dose (5 mg), females received a higher dose/kg than males and consequently showed a higher AUCt/kg of the active metabolite ramiprilat.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The effects of participation in a support group on self-assessed quality of life in people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of participation in a support group on self-assessed quality of life. Based on an initial self-report assessment of quality of life 25 people were allocated to 5 groups comprising 4-6 participants (intervention group) and 36 controls. The support groups met fort-nightly for 6 months and were facilitated by the investigator and a diabetic nurse specialist. Group processes were aimed at alleviating distress and improve satisfaction with life and included installation of hope, imparting information and group cohesiveness. Both the intervention and control group completed the quality of life measure at the end of 6 months. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control group on background characteristics or quality of life pre-test scores. No significant differences were found between the intervention and control group on difference in pre and post-test scores, indicating that support group participation did not effect self-assessed quality of life. This finding may be due to methodological issues i.e. selection, sample size and the instrument used, the implementation of the intervention and/or the concept of quality of life as an outcome variable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Combining psychopharmacotherapy and group psychotherapy: problems and advantages.

This report presents the responses to the authors' survey of therapists' attitudes and perceptions regarding the problems and advantages of combining pharmacotherapy with group psychotherapy. Group therapists representing physicians, psychologists, and social workers were asked about their practices and attitudes regarding this practice. One hundred forty-three valid responses were received to the questionnaire (response rate = 55.4%). No significant differences among the three professions were found in years of experience, number of groups conducted, or percentage of included patients taking medication. The authors categorized the responses for both problems and advantages. The problem categories were medication arrangements and effects, impact on the group processes, relationship to the therapist, and interprofessional collaboration. The advantages were identical except for the initial category, which addressed group composition. The responses reflect clinicians' concerns, both positive and negative, and provide a framework for therapists to examine their practices.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1979

Psychosomatic aspects in self-help groups made up of medical patients. Presented on the example of the ostomy group.

We present the psychosomatic aspects in self-help groups containing medical patients on the examples of the ostomy group. Following the demonstration of the psychodynamic group processes, the patients' psychological characteristics are described as well as the aims of this type of self-help group. The specific ostomy group activities concern the visitors' service and the group work. Finally, we describe the psychotherapeutic interventions of the psychosomaticist.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

The use of a stroke group treatment program on an extended care unit.

The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of combining group process and rehabilitation modalities in treating stroke patients' function in activities of daily living, mobility, perception and communication. The group structure, administration and content are discussed. Reasons for the program's value and success are explored.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1997

Nursing education: focus on flexibility.

Curricular change requires input from both service and education. However, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a complete picture of nursing practice from the clinical arena. The curriculum committee of the University of San Diego Philip Y. Hahn School of Nursing conducted a study with focus groups comprised of nurses from several different areas of practice to obtain information for curriculum changes. Both the focus group process and its outcomes are reported here. Flexibility was the key theme that emerged from all of the focus group sessions. Other themes were categorized in terms of issues addressed and included professional issues, healthcare systems issues, nursing education issues, and advanced practice issues. The focus group strategy proved to be an effective means of gaining the broad spectrum of insights needed for curriculum revision.

California↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Performance indicators for assessing competencies of preventive medicine residents.

Heightened national interest in population-based medicine, clinical preventive services, and health care management underscores the current need for definition and assessment of physician competency in these areas. This article describes a project sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to develop competencies for each of the three specialty areas in preventive medicine and appropriate measures for the achievement of those competencies. We discuss fundamental issues surrounding assessment that helped guide the process, types of measurement strategies, and criteria for effective competencies and performance indicators. The article also explains the Work Group process used to reach consensus and identifies concerns and challenges raised during this process. We include the list of specialty competencies and performance indicators developed by the project. The project, entitled "Improving Training of Preventive Medicine Residents through the Development and Evaluation of Competencies," served as a model for interorganizational collaboration between the federal government (HRSA); a specialty society, the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM); and a preventive medicine residency program, State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook. The commonality of competencies expected of residents in all three specialty areas of preventive medicine--occupational medicine, general preventive medicine and public health, and aerospace medicine--reaffirmed the rationale for including all of these areas within the single specialty of preventive medicine.

Aerospace Medicine↗

PubMed2005

Problem-based learning online: perceptions of health science students.

This qualitative study explored health sciences students' perceptions of their experiences in online problem based learning (PBL) and focused on their views about learning and group process in the online environment. Participants were novices to online learning and highly experienced in PBL, therefore, they could reflect on past face-to-face PBL experiences. Three groups of learners were involved, including undergraduate nursing and midwifery students and graduate students in a neonatal nurse practitioner program. Findings are presented using the six steps of the PBL process (Rideout & Carpio, 2001). Results indicated that it is feasible to conduct PBL online. Students felt that it increased their flexibility for learning, enhanced their ability to deeply process content, and provided access to valuable learning resources. Students experienced a period of adaptation to the online environment, perceived a heavy workload, and had difficulties making group decisions online. In addition to using asynchronous communication, chats (synchronous communication) were valued to support group decision-making online. Students appreciated validation of their online contributions from their peers and wanted clear expectations of what constituted successful tutorial participation from their tutors. Although online PBL can work effectively, tutors and students need to develop online literacy skills to smooth their transition to an online PBL environment.

Communication↗

PubMed1993

Beyond the interpersonal circumplex in group psychotherapy: the structure and relationship to outcome of the Individual Group Member Interpersonal Process Scale.

Development of a new scale to measure patient behavior in group psychotherapy, the Individual Group Member Interpersonal Process Scale (IGIPS), is described. This scale captures clinically important aspects of how patients act in group, including how they respond to the other group members. The IGIPS was applied to videotapes of the first four sessions of seven 15-session outpatient therapy groups (52 patients) in the Mental Health Department of a health maintenance organization. The scale was found to have five factors (Activity, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Comfort with Self, Self-Focus, and Psychological Mindedness). Patient behavior that was moderate on two IGIPS dimensions was connected with better outcome than was that of patients with more extreme behavior in either direction.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Support and training needs of cancer support group leaders: a review.

This review focuses on the support and training needs of cancer support group leaders. With an increasing popularity of support groups and growing evidence of the crucial role of group leaders in positive patient outcomes, there is an imperative to identify ways of promoting these outcomes and preventing leader burnout, an issue contributing to the demise of some support groups. Despite this, there is a paucity of research in this area. Available research data clearly illustrates that both professional and peer support group leaders recognise their need for better support, training and information. One study of health professionals identified a need for more advanced skills involved in group processes and specific issues such as dealing with the death of members. Specific leader behaviours, in particular active intervention in group interactions and supportive care, have also been associated with improved patient quality of life. To date, there is no clear evidence as to how best to achieve and support these effective group leader skills. While many cancer societies and other associations provide introductory training and information kits about 'how to start a support group,' no advanced training or support interventions are available. Further research is needed to provide an evidence base for group leader training and to evaluate the impact of such training on both leader and patient outcomes.

Education, Continuing↗

PubMed1999

Playing Follow the Leader: Status-Determining Traits in Relation to Collective Efficacy across Cultures.

Increasing pressure on managing international teams has created a need for further understanding culturally relevant group processes. In this study, the cultural context of power distance is examined in relation to the status characteristics possessed by group members and their influence on group efficacy estimations and performance. Data obtained from 288 senior managers coming from England, France, Thailand, and the United States were used to test the hypothesis that power distance would moderate the influence of member status on collective decisions made by a group. Results demonstrate that in high power distance cultures, collective judgments of group capability are more strongly tied to higher rather than to lower status group members' personal judgments. In low power distance cultures, members appear to contribute comparably to collective efficacy judgments. The implications of the study are discussed in terms of status differentials and group decision making across cultures. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗