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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The action of a series of glutamic acid analogues on Helix neuronal glutamate receptors.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from identified Helix central neurones, sensitive to L-glutamate. 2. Out of a range of substituted glutamate analogues, only the L- and D-isomers of thio-glutamate possessed clear glutamate-like activity. 3. On neurones excited by L-glutamate, the EC50 values for L-glutamate, gamma-thio-L-glutamate and gamma-thio-D-glutamate were 30 microM, 20 microM and greater than 1 mM, respectively. 4. On neurones inhibited by L-glutamate, the EC50 values for L-glutamate, gamma-thio-L-glutamate and gamma-thio-D-glutamate were 6.0 microM, 0.7 microM and greater than 200 microM, respectively. 5. It is concluded that, unlike the situation with thio derivatives of GABA, thio derivatives of glutamate possess potent glutamate-like activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The excitatory amino acid glutamate mediates reflexly increased tracheal blood flow and airway submucosal gland secretion.

In six decerebrated and in eight alpha-chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated beagle dogs, we have studied involvement of glutamate and glutamate receptors in transmission of excitatory inputs from the airway sensory receptors to the nucleus tractus solitarius and from this site to airway-related vagal preganglionic cells that regulate the tracheal circulation and the submucosal gland secretion. Stimulation of airway sensory fibers by lung deflation-induced reflex increase in tracheal blood flow and submucosal gland secretion. These responses were diminished by prior administration of AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX into the fourth ventricle (n=6). Furthermore, topical application or microinjection of AMPA/kainate receptor blockers, into the region of the ventrolateral medulla, where airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons are located, abolished the reflex changes in tracheal submucosal gland secretion (n=8); in these dogs mucosal blood flow was not measured). These findings indicate that reflex increase in tracheal blood flow and submucosal gland secretions are mediated mainly via release of glutamate and activation of the AMPA/kainate subtype of glutamate receptors.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione↗