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PubMed2002

Hange-shashin-to raises levels of somatostatin, motilin, and gastrin in the plasma of healthy subjects.

Hange-shashin-to has been used for chronic hypofunction of the gastrointestinal tract and to improve functional abnormalities of the upper and lower gastrointestinal system. To determine whether the pharmacological effects of Hange-shashin-to are due to gut-regulatory peptide levels, we developed a sensitive and specific double-antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting motilin and also examined the levels of somatostatin-, motilin-, gastrin-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive substances (IS) in plasma from healthy subjects. We developed a sensitive (3.5 pg, 1.4 pg/well) and specific (carboxy-terminal region) EIA for motilin. A single oral administration of Hange-shashin-to 6.0 g caused significant increases somatostatin-IS (20-60 min), motilin-IS (40 min), and gastrin-IS (40-90 min) levels in plasma compared with levels in a placebo group. Hange-shashin-to had no significant effect on VIP-IS levels after single administration. These changes in hormone levels (somatostatin, motilin, and gastrin) might relate to normalization of the upper and lower gastrointestinal system by Hange-shashin-to.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Intra-arterial infusion of CDDP in advanced gastrointestinal cancer (combination of general chemotherapy)].

We attempted to use CDDP for patients with advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system by intra-arterial infusion, giving consideration to the side effects of CDDP. Of 19 cases treated with CDDP, 17 cases were evaluable. These 17 cases comprised 10 cases of gastric cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer and 6 of colon cancer. Therapeutic effects were as follows. According to the criteria for judgement of solid cancers, there were 10 evaluable cases which comprised 1 case of PR, 2 of MR, 4 of NC and 3 of PD. According to the criteria for judgement of malignant ascites, there were 6 evaluable cases which comprised 4 effective and 2 non-effective cases. As to side effects, nausea and vomiting were observed in 10 cases, numbness in 1, fever in 1 and aggravation of diabetes in 2. From the above results, intra-arterial infusion of CDDP is considered to be an effective method for the treatment of advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system, especially of malignant ascites.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A checklist of helminths from the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tracts of African Anatidae.

A literature survey revealed that 72 helminth species, including 14 known only to the generic level, had been reported from the digestive or respiratory tracts of 28 species of Anatidae in Africa. Most of the digeneans and nematodes reported, were cosmopolitan species that occur in a range of hosts. However, two groups of cestodes, one consisting of cosmopolitan or Eurasian species and the other consisting of species restricted mainly to sub-Saharan Africa, were apparent. A host-parasite list and a detailed parasite-host list provide the synyonomies related to African records, the host and geographical distribution of each species, and the authority and country of origin for each record.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intracolonic multiple pebbles in young adults: radiographic imaging and conventional approach to a case.

Most of the foreign bodies detected in adult gastrointestinal systems are accidentally swallowed pins. In this study, we presented a case with intracolonic multiple pebbles. A 20-year-old man was admitted to emergency surgery policlinic for abdominal pain for 2 d without any alleviation or aggravation. His upright plain abdominal radiographic imaging revealed about 30-40 overt dense opacities in lumen of colonic segments, with oval and well shaped contours, each approximately 1 cm multiply 1 cm in size. The multiplanar reconstructions and three-dimensional images combined with sectional screening showed that all pebbles had passed completely into the colon and no foreign bodies had remained in the ileal segments. On psychiatric assessment, he was found to have immature personality features, difficulty in overcoming stressors and adaptation disorder. He recovered by conservative management and radiographic monitoring applied during his follow-up. Thus, it can be concluded that, in differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adult ages, though less frequently seen than in children, gastrointestinal system foreign bodies should always be kept in mind and it should be considered that ingestion of pebbles may be one of the factors contributing to abdominal pain particularly in young adults with psychiatric problems. In such cases suspected of having foreign bodies which cannot be detected by plain films, abdominal tomography can be an alternative for diagnostic imaging.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1998

The efficacy of Michel's dose and move system on gastrointestinal nematode infections in diary calves.

The efficacy of a move to aftermath in July combined with moxidectin or fenbendazole treatment for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE) in calves was evaluated in three field experiments in the Netherlands. In all five treated groups high gastrointestinal nematode infections and PGE were prevented by a dose and move in July. Cooperia infections increased to moderate levels in two groups treated with moxidectin and one group treated with fenbendazole. In both other groups and also for Ostertagia in these three groups, low to extremely low infections were acquired. In the first experiment high primary infections, resulting in high faecal egg counts and a moderate increase of blood pepsinogen values occurred before the dose and move. Nevertheless, these primary infections were not high enough to result in PGE. In both other experiments primary infection levels were low and faecal egg counts increased to 100-650 eggs/g faeces at the end of the grazing season. The blood pepsinogen values of non-treated control groups demonstrated that it took more than a month after their move to aftermath before substantial reinfection occurred on the new pasture. In the first and the last experiment only, high Ostertagia and Cooperia infections developed in the control group at the end of the grazing season, though it did not result in clinical PGE. The experiments demonstrate all theoretical risks of the dose and move system: (1) PGE early in the grazing season as a result of high overwintered pasture infectivity. (2) PGE just before the move as a result of an early midsummer increase in pasture infectivity. (3) PGE around housing as a result of insufficient suppression of pasture infectivity late in the grazing season. (4) Underexposure to nematode infections due to a high suppression of nematode infections. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that under normal conditions the dose and move system remains to be a valuable and easily applicable system for the control of PGE.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1986

Substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and bradykinin stimulate abdominal visceral afferents.

To determine if chemicals produced endogenously within the gastrointestinal system stimulate abdominal visceral sensory endings, we recorded the response of 42 A- and 25 C-fibers in the splanchnic nerve of cats as substance P (10-20 micrograms), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 100-200 micrograms), or bradykinin (10 micrograms) was injected into the descending thoracic aorta. Approximately half of the sensory endings responded to each chemical. However, significantly more C- than A-fiber endings responded to 5-HT (64 vs. 39%) and bradykinin (76 vs. 41%). Most C-fiber endings were insensitive to external mechanical stimuli, supporting the concept that these endings are primarily chemosensitive. In contrast, most A-fiber endings were quite sensitive to external mechanical stimuli. Additionally, more A-fiber endings located in contractile (gut or vasculature) than in noncontractile (pancreas, liver, or spleen) regions responded to 5-HT (58 vs. 19%), bradykinin (67 vs. 15%), and substance P (57 vs. 29%), a response that frequently occurred coincident with the development of chemically induced gut contractions. Thus many A-fiber endings are primarily sensitive to mechanical stimuli. However, 15-30% of the A-fiber endings located in noncontractile regions responded to chemicals, although the endings likely were removed from the mechanical effects of these chemicals. Since these A-fiber endings are also quite sensitive to external mechanical stimuli, they may be polymodal in their function. We conclude that abdominal visceral sensory endings are not homogeneous in function and are stimulated by several chemicals produced endogenously within the gastrointestinal system, including substance P, 5-HT, and bradykinin.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of gastrointestinal involvement of Behçet's disease by nuclear medical techniques.

To evaluate the value of nuclear medicine procedures in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement of Behcet's disease in asymptomatic patients, Tc-99m human immunoglobulin (HIG) and Tc-99m leucocyte (LC) whole body scintigraphies were performed on 30 patients with major symptoms of the disease. Comparison of the results with other diagnostic techniques showed that Tc-99m HIG whole body scanning can be a useful diagnostic aid before the disease becomes clinically active in the gastrointestinal system.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

An unusual presentation of Behçet's disease: intestinal perforation.

Behçet's disease (BD), when first described in 1937, consisted of three symptoms: recurrent oral and genital ulcerations and iridocyclitis. Today, it is known that BD is a multisystemic chronic vasculitic disorder which may involve both arteries and veins of all sizes, as well as the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems. The rate of gastrointestinal involvement of BD varies in different populations, being more common in Japan (50%-60%) and less common in the Mediterranean basin, including Turkey (0%-5%). We present a 34-year-old Turkish woman with BD who had ileal and colonic ulcerations complicated by perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding. Special emphasis was placed on the differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease (CD) and BD with gastrointestinal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Surveillance of adverse effects during a vaccination campaign against meningitis C.

OBJECTIVE: To describe adverse events occurring after mass vaccination with conjugate and nonconjugate vaccines and to assess the incidence of serious adverse effects. METHODS: A mass immunisation campaign against meningococcal C disease was conducted in two French administrative areas, Landes and Pyrénées atlantiques, for 2 months (from October to December 2002). Adverse events were reported by families and physicians by means of a specific reporting form returned to the pharmacovigilance centre 15 days after vaccination. RESULTS: The target population was 260,630 individuals aged between 2 months and 24 years. About 179,000 children and young adults were vaccinated. A total of 92,711 report forms were received by the pharmacovigilance centre, and 12,695 subjects presented at least one adverse event. The most frequently involved systems/disorders were application site disorders (48.4%), whole-body general disorders (21.8%), central and peripheral nervous system disorders (14.6%), and gastrointestinal system disorders (4.7%). Most of these adverse events were transient and not serious. There were 13 serious adverse events: one each of syncope, fever, headache with fever, neuralgia, serum sickness, arthritis, purpura, facial paralysis, multiple sclerosis, lipoma, and meningism, and two cases of bronchospasm. No significant difference was found in rates of adverse event reports between both vaccines. The estimated incidence of serious adverse effect reports was 7 per 100,000. CONCLUSIONS: This campaign was the second immunisation campaign undertaken in France involving both physicians and families as reporters. Although unlabeled adverse effects were identified during this campaign, they were mostly nonserious and have been known to occur with other vaccines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Non-traumatic thoracic emergencies: acute chest pain: diagnostic strategies.

Acute chest pain may represent the initial and/or accompanying symptom in a variety of disease processes that may occur in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, or musculoskeletal system. Although clinical history, risk factors, and physical examination are important factors in establishing the etiology of symptoms in patients presenting with acute chest pain, imaging modalities are frequently utilized. Noncardiac causes of acute chest pain are reviewed in this paper with special reference to the most recently published literature and emphasis on acute aortic diseases. Imaging modalities with indication of appropriateness, optimal technique and practical keys for interpretation are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system in combination with beta blockers in the management of exertional angina. A multicenter study of 54 patients.

This multicenter study assessed the efficacy of a new formulation of nifedipine in 54 patients with stable angina pectoris receiving beta-blocker therapy. This once-daily preparation of nifedipine was administered in double-blind fashion in doses of 30, 60, and 90 mg. All patients experienced pain-limited exercise at placebo baseline treadmill testing. Eight hours post-dose exercise testing resulted in a significant increase in time to onset of angina for all three dose levels of nifedipine but not for placebo. Exercise testing 24 hours after dosing showed significant improvement in time to angina and total exercise time for patients receiving 60-mg and 90-mg doses but not for the 30-mg or placebo categories. These preliminary results suggest that this new formulation of nifedipine is beneficial when added to stable doses of a beta blocker in patients in whom angina is still exhibited during exercise testing.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Combined treatment of radiation and local injections of misonidazole.

The radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole is dose dependent, so theoretically it would be desirable to use as large a dose as possible. However, clinical studies have indicated a maximum tolerable dose restricting the effects of misonidazole in patients. We injected misonidazole directly into tumor tissues in combination with irradiation in an attempt to obtain a sufficiently high concentration in tumors while maintaining a low level in the blood. Concentration of the drug in tumor tissues was confirmed to be high by examination of the resected low-grade chondrosarcoma into which the drug had been locally injected prior to the operation. Blood levels were confirmed to be significantly low. Seventeen patients were treated with local injections of the drug, each with radiotherapy. All patients either had advanced tumors, or were in the terminal stage after repeated radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A relatively high radiation dose per fraction was used. Complete response was obtained in eight patients (47%) and partial response in four (24%). No change was observed in three patients (18%) while two (12%) exhibited progressive disease. In the seven patients with multiple metastatic lesions, the response of the tumors treated with this method were compared to that of the tumors treated by radiation alone in the same patient. The sensitizing effect of the drug was clearly observed in three out of seven patients. No toxicities in the nervous system or in the gastrointestinal system were observed, and no local skin damage by the injections was seen. Local injections of misonidazole were shown to have a significant radiosensitizing effect without any side effects. The combined treatment of radiation and local injections of misonidazole is considered to be a promising new treatment method.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1993

Patterns of occurrence of second primary non-mammary malignancies in breast cancer patients: results from 1382 consecutive autopsies.

An autopsy series on the patterns of occurrence of second primary non-mammary malignancies (SPNM) in breast cancer patients is presented. SPNM occurred in 11.4% of breast cancer patients at a mean interval of 83.9 months. Seventy-five per cent of them occurred by the first decade following breast cancer. The most common system of SPNM occurrence was the female genital system, followed by the gastrointestinal system. The single organs most commonly involved were the colon and rectum, ovary and uterine cervix. There was no evident association between administration of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for the breast cancer and the risk for SPNM development except in the case of post-radiation sarcomas at or near the site of post-mastectomy radiotherapy. Death was caused by the breast cancer in 28.7% of patients and by the SPNM in 53.5%. In 10.6% of the cases the SPNM was clinically interpreted as metastatic breast cancer until autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prescribed medication and nutrition of social care patients in Crete, Greece.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to make a systematic registration of a group of 354 social care indigent patients in relation to: their pharmaceutical needs: the conditions for which it was prescribed, its cost, and details of prescriptions. In addition patients' eating patterns relating to and knowledge of how to use their medication was assessed. They were compared to a control group of 153 Social Security patients. SUBJECTS: The Social Care indigent patients were of low income, consisting of groups as unmarried mothers with their children and Greeks emigrants coming back home from other countries (Albania, Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Romania etc.). The socio-demographic profiles of this group reveal an unemployment rate of 74% and an illiteracy rate of 18%. As regards marital status, 20% are bachelors and 12% divorcees. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated no significant difference between the two groups in the mean cost of prescription (40 ECU for Social Care patients vs 32 ECU for Social Security patients), in the mean number of medication per prescription (2.6 vs 2.6 respectively), in the percentages of the Daily Defined Doses and the cost of the various categories of drugs. For both groups, the most common drugs were those of the Cardiovascular system (30% vs 26%), Gastrointestinal system (17% vs 27%) and Nervous system (16% vs 18%). The most common diagnosis was Hypertension (10% vs 8%) and the most common drugs were Ranitidine (3% vs 2%), Diclofenac (3% vs 3%), Salbutamol (3% vs 3%) and Paracetamol (2% vs 2%). Significant differences between Social Care patients to Social Security patients respectively were found regarding: knowing how to take their medication correctly (47% vs 77%), knowing for how long treatment needed to be taken (21% vs 43%), requesting information from the pharmacist (39% vs 68%) knowledge of dietary instructions regarding medication (17% vs 41%) and in smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day (15% vs 3%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the Social Care patients, in comparison with the patients of the Social Security, need more education and more help in the area of the proper use of drugs and in the personal contact that this procedure involves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the US determined by a random digit dial telephone survey.

BACKGROUND: Allergy to peanuts and tree nuts (TNs) is one of the leading causes of fatal and near-fatal food-induced allergic reactions. These allergies can be lifelong and appear to be increasing in prevalence. Despite the seriousness of these allergies, the prevalence of peanut and TN allergy in the general population is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the prevalence of peanut and TN allergy among the general population of the United States. METHODS: We used a nationwide, cross-sectional, random digit dial telephone survey with a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 4374 households contacted by telephone participated (participation rate, 67%), representing 12,032 individuals. Peanut or TN allergy was self-reported in 164 individuals (1.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2%-1.6%) in 151 households (3.5%; 95% CI, 2.9%-4.0%). The prevalence of reported allergy in adults (1.6%) was higher than that found in children under 18 years of age (0.6%). In 131 individuals, details of the reactions were obtained. When applying criteria requiring reactions to be typical of IgE-mediated reactions (hives, angioedema, wheezing, throat tightness, vomiting, and diarrhea) within an hour of ingestion, 10% of these subjects were excluded. Among the remaining 118 subjects, allergic reactions involved 1 organ system (skin, respiratory, or gastrointestinal systems) in 50 subjects, 2 in 45 subjects, and all 3 in 23 subjects. Forty-five percent of these 118 respondents reported more than 5 lifetime reactions. Only 53% of these 118 subjects ever saw a physician for the allergic reaction, and only 7% had self-injectable epinephrine available at the time of the interview. The prevalence of peanut and TN allergy was adjusted by assuming that 10% of the remaining 33 subjects without a description of their reactions would also be excluded and correcting for a 7% false-positive rate for the survey instrument. A final "corrected" prevalence estimate of 1.1% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.4%) was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Peanut and/or TN allergy affects approximately 1.1% of the general population, or about 3 million Americans, representing a significant health concern. Despite the severity of reactions, about half of the subjects never sought an evaluation by a physician, and only a few had epinephrine available for emergency use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Doxazosin in the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation and trial without catheter after acute urinary retention due to BPH. Dose increase action on recovery effect].

OBJECTIVE: Prospective and randomised study to assess the effectiveness of doxazosin in sustained release formulation in Acute Urinary Retention (AUR) treatment due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial was carried out with a cohort of 40 males who had all suffered their first attack of AUR caused by BPH. Twenty were randomly selected and treated for 7 days with 4 mg of sustained release doxazosin before removing the catheter. The patients not treated that could not spontaneously urinate were also administered 4 mg of doxazosin. Finally, all the patients that still had a catheter due to unsuccessful removal were treated with 8 mg of doxazosin and the percentage of patients responding to treatment was assessed. The predictive value of the response to treatment for age, IPSS, QoL, retained urine volume, prostate volume and the evolution time of the prostratism was determined by means of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 82.5% of the patients (33/40) could urinate after removal of the catheter. 84.8% (28/33) were treated with doxazosin (21 with 4 mg and 7 with 8 mg). In the first attempt at removal, 60% of the patients (12/20) treated with 4 mg of doxazosin could spontaneously urinate, while only 25% (5/20) of those not treated, p=0.02. Similarly, 60% of the patients (9/15) treated with 4 mg of doxazosin in the second attempt could spontaneously urinate. Fifty per cent (7/14) of the patients still with a catheter, after the treatment with 4 mg of doxazosin, could urinate with 8 mg. In the logistic regression analysis, none of the variables analyzed allowed us to predict the response to the treatment. CONCLUSION: The treatment for 7 days with 4 mg of sustained release doxazosin shows greater success when removing the catheter after suffering AUR due to BPH. With this treatment, 60% of the patients could spontaneously urinate again. By increasing the dose to 8 mg, the catheter can be removed in half the patients that did not initially respond. Before removing the catheter it is not possible to predict which patients would be able to spontaneously urinate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of chronic stable angina: follow-up study with nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system. SENIOR Study Group].

OBJECTIVE: To gather information about efficacy and tolerability of nifedipine GITS in patients with stable angina, and its impact on the patient quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1076 patients of both sexes (63.5 +/- 12.8 year old) with stable angina (classes I to III of the CCVS) and evidence of coronary disease (43.3% previous myocardial infarction) were included. The treatment with nifedipine GITS 30-60 mg/day (monotherapy or combination) lasted for 6 months. The study variables were: weekly rate of anginal attacks, short-acting nitrate consumption, changes in the antianginal drug treatment, tolerability, and changes in the questionnaire score concerning the quality of life. RESULTS: A decrease in the number of the anginal attacks and in the short-acting nitrates consumption by 80.7% and 83.3%, respectively (both, p = 0.001), was found. Furthermore, the proportion of patients experiencing anginal attacks the week before the assessment visit fell from 71.7% to 10.9% (p < 0.001). At the end of the study, a remarkable decrease in the use of other antianginal medications was seen. Side effects were reported by 10.9% of the patients, 2.7% of which were withdrawn from the study for this reason. A favourable change in the patient quality of life was also noted. CONCLUSION: In patients with stable angina, nifedipine GITS is an effective, safe and well tolerated drug that remarkably enhances the patient quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Captopril gastrointestinal therapeutic system coated with cellulose acetate pseudolatex: evaluation of main effects of several formulation variables.

Maintenance of constant drug levels in the body for those drugs that are used in management of hypertension is extremely beneficial. This can be successfully achieved by delivering the antihypertensives as osmotically-controlled drug-delivery system that essentially eliminates the influence of pH on the drug release. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the main effects of the formulation variables on the release of captopril from osmotically-controlled drug-delivery system coated with a custom-made cellulose acetate (CA) pseudolatex reported earlier. A secondary objective was to identify a suitable antioxidant for incorporating in the formulation as the drug undergoes metal-catalyzed oxidative degradation. The drug showed good stability (> or = 90% intact captopril) in solution in the presence of ascorbic acid for a period of 48 h. A seven-factor, 12-run Plackett-Burman screening design was employed to study the main effects of amounts of Polyox(R) N10 and N80, Carbopol(R) 934P and 974P, sodium chloride, orifice size, and % coating weight gain. The response variable was cumulative percent of drug released in 12 h, Y(3), with constraints on lag time Y(1) and time for 50% drug released Y(2)amount of sodium chloride (1.97).

Algorithms↗