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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Physiological and biochemical effects of intermittent fasting combined with hunger-resistant food on mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the physiological and biochemical effects of intermittent fasting combined with hunger-resistant food on mice, and to evaluate the safety and beneficial effects of this regimen. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four adult ICR mice were divided into 4 groups: standard feed AL group (ad libitum intake of standard feed), hunger-resistant food AL group (ad libitum intake of hunger-resistant food), standard feed IF group (feeding standard feed and fasting on alternate days), and hunger-resistant food IF group (feeding hunger-resistant food and fasting on alternate days). The experiment lasted for 4-8 weeks and all mice drank water freely. The quality of life, body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum lipid, blood routine test, liver and kidney functions as well as the viscera indexes were examined. RESULTS: Compared to the standard feed AL group, the caloric taking and the increment of body-weight were reduced (P<0.01), and the viscera indexes of the liver and kidney were elevated (P<0.05) in the hunger-resistant food AL group and the hunger-resistant food IF group, the values of fasting blood glucose were reduced in standard feed IF group and hunger-resistant food IF group (P<0.01), the value of triglycerides was reduced in hunger-resistant food IF group (P<0.05), while the quality of life, blood routine test as well as the liver and kidney functions were not obviously affected in the hunger-resistant food AL group, standard feed IF group and hunger-resistant food IF group. CONCLUSION: The regimen of intermittent fasting combined with hunger-resistant food is safe and beneficial to metabolic regulation, such as controlling body-weight and adjusting blood glucose and serum lipid. It is expected that development of this regimen will be helpful to the control of obesity and diabetes, etc.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Determination of total iron in foods by isotope dilution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

A method employing isotope dilution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been developed for the quantitative determination of iron in foods. Samples were spiked with an enriched source of 54Fe, digested with concentrated HNO3/H2SO4 and the iron extracted from 6 M HCl into diethyl ether. Bracketing procedures gave precisions ranging from 1.30-4.49% relative standard deviation (RSD) for isotope ratio measurements and 1.26-6.44% RSD for iron measurements.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Migraine: a diagnostic test for etiology of food sensitivity by a nutritionally supported fast and confirmed by long-term report.

A diagnostic procedure during a nutritionally supported fast week followed by conventional food sensitivity management achieved major improvement for 80% of a migraine panel. This procedure gave a reliable (0.8 correlation coefficient) prognosis on the substantial value of this approach for selection of the treatment of migraine. The study gave two lines of evidence which indicate that migraine has an etiology of food sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alteration of peripheral beta-adrenergic responsiveness in fasted rats.

Total food deprivation for 72 hrs (3 day fast) in female rats resulted in a reduction in serum thyroid hormones as well as a reduced peripheral beta-adrenergic responsiveness to isoproterenol. Food deprivation for 48 or 72 hrs significantly decreased both serum T3 and T4 values as compared to non-fasted controls. There were no significant differences in either T3 or T4 levels as a result of a 24 hr fast. Rats deprived of food for 72 hr had significantly smaller increases in oxygen consumption, colonic and tail skin temperatures following administration of isoproterenol (100 micrograms/kg b.w., s.c.) when compared to non-fasted control rats. Arterial blood pressure and heart rates were measured in unrestrained, unanesthetized, chronically cannulated rats. Food deprivation for 72 hrs significantly attenuated the decrease in blood pressure and the increase in heart rate associated with administration of isoproterenol (10 micrograms/kg b.w., s.c.). Possible mechanisms for the reduced beta-adrenergic responsiveness associated fasting are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Role of leptin in the control of feeding of goldfish Carassius auratus: interactions with cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y and orexin A, and modulation by fasting.

To assess the role of leptin on food intake regulation in goldfish, we examined the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, ICV) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, IP) injections of recombinant murine leptin on feeding behavior. Centrally (100 ng/g) and peripherally (300 ng/g) injected leptin both caused a significant decrease in food intake, compared to the saline-treated controls. To test the hypothesis that leptin influenced orexigenic neuropeptide systems in goldfish, fish were co-injected with neuropeptide Y (NPY) or orexin A and leptin. Both NPY (5 ng/g) and orexin A (10 ng/g) significantly increased food intake. Fish co-injected ICV with NPY (5 ng/g) or orexin A (10 ng/g) and leptin (1 or 10 ng/g) had a food intake lower than that of fish treated with NPY or orexin A alone. NPY mRNA expression in goldfish brain was reduced 2 and 6 h following central injection of leptin. To test the hypothesis that the cholecystokinin (CCK) mediates the effects of leptin in goldfish, fish were simultaneously injected ICV with an ineffective dose of leptin (10 ng/g) and either ICV or IP with an ineffective doses of CCK (1 ng/g ICV or 25 ng/g IP). These fish had a food intake lower than vehicle-treated fish, suggesting that leptin potentiates the satiety actions of CCK. CCK hypothalamic mRNA expression was increased 2 h following central treatment with leptin. The CCK receptor antagonist proglumide blocked both central and peripheral CCK satiety effects. Blockade of CCK brain receptors by proglumide resulted in an inhibition of the leptin-induced decrease in food intake and an attenuation of the inhibiting action of leptin on both NPY- and orexin A-induced feeding. These data suggests that CCK has a role in mediating the effects of leptin on food intake. Fasting potentiated the actions of leptin and attenuated the effects of CCK. Whereas fasting had no effects on the brain mRNA expression of CCK, it increased the brain mRNA expression of NPY and decreased the expression of CART. These changes in neuropeptide expression were partially reversed when fish were treated ICV with leptin. These results provide strong evidence that, in goldfish, leptin influences food intake, in part by modulating the orexigenic effects of NPY and orexin and that its actions are mediated, at least in part, by CCK.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Plasma motilin levels in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus and certain other diseases. Fasting levels and responses to food and glucose.

Plasma motilin levels were measured by dextran-charcoal radioimmunoassay in normal subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus and certain other disorders. Fasting plasma motilin in normal subjects determined by a single blood sampling varied considerably within a range of 50 to 545 pg/ml. Repeated blood sampling revealed cyclic fluctuations in plasma motilin during fasting, with a peak appearing between an interval of 100 to 120 min which was accompanied by gastric contraction as determined with a balloon inserted into the stomach. Meal ingestion caused a transient but significant rise in plasma motilin, followed by a progressive decrease with an absence of the secretory episode. On the other hand, plasma motilin levels decreased, without an initial increase, following oral and intravenous glucose loading. Fasting plasma motilin levels were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus, and chronic liver diseases but within normal limits in patients with acromegaly and hyperthyroidism. Repeated blood samplings showed cyclic fluctuation in plasma motilin levels in diabetic patients. Levels rose after meal ingestion to a peak higher than that in normal subjects and remained higher until 120 min. In summary, 1) fasting plasma motilin levels in normal subjects varied considerably because of cyclic fluctuations, 2) meal ingestion caused a transient rise in plasma motilin, followed by a decrease, whereas glucose administration produced only a decrease, 3) plasma motilin levels were elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of piroxicam, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, under fasting and postprandial states in man.

The kinetic disposition of piroxicam, under evaluation in man as a new anti-inflammatory drug, was studied in human volunteers given a single oral dose after both overnight fasting and food. Total absorption was uninfluenced by food intake, although the data indicate that food causes some delay in attainment of peak serum levels. The half-life of drug in plasma in the fasting subjects (37.5 +/- 2.4 hr) was similar in both the fasting state and after food, suggesting that once-daily dosing may be appropriate for maintaining therapeutic plasma levels. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters for both studies in the fasting state and after meals are volume of distribution divided by availability, 0.140 or 0.136 liter/kg; total plasma clearance divided by availability, 2.68 or 3.12 ml/hr/kg. Approximately 10% of a single dose of piroxicam was eliminated in the urine within 8 days after oral drug administration. Renal clearance of the drug (0.28 +/- 0.10 ml/hr/kg) was 10.4% or less of plasma clearance, suggesting that piroxicam is extensively metabolized. In this study one subject showed a reduction in white blood count on the sixteenth day after a 60-mg dose; however, hematology values evaluated in both intra- and intersubject comparisons did not show any other differences in the present study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Acute psychological stress affects glucose concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes following food intake but not in the fasting state.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of acute psychosocial stress on glucose concentrations in the fasting state and following food intake in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In study 1, 20 patients were exposed to moderate psychosocial stress by means of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in the fasting state. In study 2, the TSST was applied to 20 additional patients 75 min after intake of a standard meal. Glucose concentrations (by continuous glucose monitoring system), blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored on the control day and on the stress testing day. RESULTS: In both studies, blood pressure increased in response to TSST from 122/77 +/- 14/9 mmHg at baseline to a maximum of 152/93 +/- 21/13 mmHg (P < 0.001), and heart rate increased from 80 +/- 11 to 99 +/- 19 bpm (P < 0.001). In the fasting state (study 1), glucose concentrations remained unchanged during the control day as well as during the stress testing day. In study 2, glucose concentrations were similar on both days before and up to 75 min after the intake of the standard meal. However, a significant delay (of 45 min) in the decrease of glucose concentrations was induced by psychological stress. A two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference of glucose concentrations over time (F = 646.65/P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the postprandial period, acute psychological stress induced a significantly delayed decrease of glucose concentrations, whereas in the fasting state, no effect on poststress glucose concentrations was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Food interaction pharmacokinetic study of cordaflex 20 mg retard filmtablet in healthy volunteers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of food consumption on the pharmacokinetics of Cordaflex 20 mg retard filmtablet in healthy volunteers through measuring nifedipine plasma levels by an HPLC-ED method both after fasting and food ingestion. The food interaction pharmacokinetic study of Cordaflex 20 mg retard filmtablet was carried out in 12 healthy male volunteers treated with a single dose of the preparation both after fasting and after food ingestion, in a crossover design allowing 1 week of wash-out period between the 2 treatments. Nifedipine concentration of plasma samples were determined by an isocratic HPLC-ED method [Horvai et al. 1994] with robotic sample processing [Horváth et al. 1995, 1996]. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-infinity, AUC0-t, Cmax, MRT) were analyzed by calculating 90% confidence interval for logarithmic transformed test/reference ratio values, and Schuirmann's statistical tests, the tmax and HVD values were analyzed by Wilcoxon's nonparametric statistical test. The above statistical tests of the present food interaction study indicated significant differences for each one of the respective pharmacokinetic parameter pairs calculated for treatments after fasting and after food ingestion. On the basis of the above findings and also by comparing the mean pharmacokinetic curves, it was evident, that, in agreement with the data of literature [Kleinbloesem et al. 1993, Schall et al. 1994], food ingestion increased the relative bioavailability and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). Considering the average of the parameter values and also the respective statistical tests, it was also apparent that the time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax), the mean residence time (MRT), and the half-value duration (HVD) all decreased significantly upon the effect of food ingestion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

A role for neuropeptide-Y, dynorphin, and noradrenaline in the central control of food intake after food deprivation.

A marked increase in food intake is observed in the rat after central injection of neuropeptide-Y (NPY), dynorphin, or noradrenaline (NA). Levels of both NPY and dynorphin are increased in the hypothalamus of food-deprived rats. The aim of this study was to explore the role of NPY, dynorphin, and NA in the central control of feeding after a period of food deprivation. We have investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of a monoclonal antibody to NPY (NPYAb), a potent and selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI), and the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine on fast-induced food intake. In animals provided with food after a 24-h fast, NPYAb given 10 min before presentation of food reduced food intake by 30% (P < 0.01) compared to that of animals pretreated with an antibody to chloroquine. A similar (34%; P < 0.05) reduction in fast-induced feeding occurred after pretreatment with norBNI. If norBNI was given together with NPYAb, then a reduction of 51% (P < 0.05) was observed. Pretreatment with phentolamine reduced fast-induced food intake by 39% (P < 0.05), with no evidence of an additive effect when phentolamine was given together with NPYAb. These data would support a role for endogenous NPY, dynorphin, and NA in the mediation of fast-induced feeding. NPY would seem to act independently of dynorphin, but through the same mechanism as NA.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Antral denervation of parietal cell vagotomized dogs. Effect upon gastric emptying and motility, Heidenhain pouch acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration.

In ten Heidenhain pouch (HP) dogs who previously had undergone parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) with gastroduodenostomy, the antral nerves were cut, and the PCV thus converted to a selective gastric vagotomy (SGV). Mean gastric emptying rate was unaffected but antral motility changed considerably, the stomach became big and slack, and the emptying of a food-barium meal became purely passive. While the duodenal bulb was often filled with gastric content before antral denervation, this happened very seldom afterwards. Fasting, food-stimulated and 24-hour HP acid secretion increased significantly after denervation, but this was not accompanied by any significant changes in serum gastrin concentration. This indicates that other factors than gastrin must be responsible for the increased HP acid response to a meal after antral denervation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of sludge fasting/feasting on growth of activated sludge cultures.

Reduction of excess sludge in an oxic-settling-anoxic (OSA) activated sludge process might be attributed to a "sludge fasting (insufficient food under an anoxic condition)/feasting (sufficient food under an oxic condition)" treatment. This paper was to examine this explanation by investigating both the sludge fasting/feasting phenomenon and the effect of a fasting/feasting treatment on sludge growth. In this study, five different activated sludge cultures cultivated using synthetic wastewater composed of mainly glucose and other necessary nutrients: (1) an aerobic batch culture, (2) an intermittently aerated batch culture, (3) an anoxic batch culture, (4) a continuous aerobic culture, and (5) an OSA culture, were employed. It was found that only the aerobic batch culture and the aerobic continuous culture are fastable when the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) level is below 100 mV under no-food condition during a 2-h fasting treatment, showing that both the biomass and carbohydrate storage of these two cultures were reduced after the treatment. When the fasted cultures were treated in a feasting environment, an accumulation of carbohydrate storage did not occur, while specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) showed a sharp increase. Both the substrate utilization and biomass growth rates were also accelerated. It was therefore confirmed that a sludge feasting did occur after a fasting treatment for the fastable cultures. However, an increase in sludge ATP content was not brought about by the feasting treatment. The sludge fasting/feasting treatment in this paper could not induce a reduction of the observed growth yield (Y(obs)) in all the cultures cultivated with glucose-based synthetic wastewater.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗