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PubMedDate not supplied

[Preimaginal development of the flea, Ctenophthalmus golovi (Aphaniptera)].

Under experimental conditions individuals of C. (Medioctenophthalmus) golovi golovi Ioff et Tiflov, 1930 complete their metamorphosis within a wide range of temperatures (from 28-30 degrees to 2-6 degrees) and at high humidity of 90 to 100%. The highest survival of larvae and cocoon stages was observed at 23-25 degrees to 9-11 degrees. The development from egg to imago lasts 28 to 557 days depending on the temperature and great extent of hatching under all conditions. Embryogenesis carries out 4-97 days. The ability of C. golovi to complete metamorphosis at 2-6 degrees and to exist for a long time at the larval stage (up to 516 days) differs it from other souslik fleas and other species of Ctenophthalmus studied at the preimaginal stages.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the female age makeup of a natural population of Xenopsylla conformis fleas by a luminescence microscopy method (Aphaniptera)].

The age structure of the natural population of X. conformis was studied by means of luminiscent microscopy. The method has made possible a detail differentiation of females into age groups and can be used in field conditions. All age categories constituting a scale developed on a laboratory culture of fleas can be found among individuals caught on animals and in their nests. The autumn population consists of females that fed and did not reproduce and of individuals that interrupted their reproduction. The spring population is composed by reproducing females at different stages of reproduction. It has been established that in October begins the autumn--winter interwal in the reproduction of X. conformis and in the first half of April their spring activation that is in good agreement with published data.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

[Histological study of Xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected with the ulegeic subspecies of the plague microbe, Yersinia pestis ulegeica].

The plague microbe of the Ulegei subspecies is able to cause the stable infection of fleas of X. cheopis, which is accompanied by the formation of "block" in most individuals. The preservation of the plague agent in these ectoparasites is characterized by its variation in the number that undergoes cyclic changes depending on the feeding rate and digestion. The bloodsucking is accompanied by the excretion of some microbes and by the reproduction of the remaining ones in the midgut and proventriculus which lasts the whole 1 st stage while dense clots of erythrocytes are preserved in the intestine. In the course of blood digestion the reproduction of microbes is replaced by their dying off and when the digestion is over the quantity of microbes increases again. In this period small cocci, which form dense clots in the midgut and proventriculus, are the dominant form of microbes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of air temperature and relative humidity on the preimaginal development of Ctenophthalmus teres fleas (Siphonaptera)].

The duration of the development and survival of preimaginal stages of fleas at a temperature of 5 to 30 degrees and relative humidity of 60 to 90% was studied. Minimal average duration of the development an the highest survival rate at all stages were registered at a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees and humidity of 85 to 90%. Under these conditions the whole cycle from egg to image lasts on an average 23 days. The threshold of the development for different stages falls within the limits of 3 to 6 degrees. The duration of the development of all stages was distinctly affected by temperature while the duration of larval development was affected as well by humidity. The survival of larvae was found to be affected by humidity while the survival of individuals in cocoons was considerably affected by temperature.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An experimental study of the ability of the hybrid crosses of Citellophillus tesquorum fleas of 2 subspecies to transmit the causative agent of plague].

The ability to transmit of plague bacillus was studied in the first-, third- and fourth-generation hybrids bred from C.t.altaicus and C.t.sungaris. The fleas were inoculated with two virulent strains from the Tuva and Transbaikal natural foci of plague. The bacillus was demonstrated to infect the hybrids, form gizzard block, and be transmitted to white mice, causing the animals' death.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human disodium octaborate tetrahydrate exposure following carpet flea treatment is not associated with significant dermal absorption.

Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate is used for indoor flea control on carpets and furniture. Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate was applied to a 100% nylon carpet as a solution using a powered rug brush at a rate of approximately 200 micrograms/cm2 carpet. Two randomly chosen groups of volunteers (18 females, 4 males) wore either bathing suits which provided 75% or more skin exposure or whole-body, cotton dosimeters consisting of socks, union suits, and gloves. The volunteers performed a 20-minute set of Jazzercise routines. The availability of boron was demonstrated by covering portions of the carpet with a cotton dosimeter and rolling it with a weighted roller. Additionally, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate was transferred to the whole-body dosimeter. Volunteers also collected 24-hour urine specimens prior to and following the exercise period. The specimens were analyzed for total boron by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. No evidence of contact transfer and dermal absorption was obtained. The mean daily boron levels (mg/g creatinine) were 1.17, 1.33, and 1.31 for the group with exposed skin and 1.26, 1.12, and 1.26 for those who wore dosimeters which prevented contact. Daily urine boron levels were not significantly different when compared using a two sample t-test assuming equal variances (P > 0.05). Direct dermal contact with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate-treated carpet at a nominal rate of 200 micrograms/cm2 did not produce any adverse effects or change urinary boron clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a carbamate-impregnated flea and tick collar for dogs.

To acquire information regarding the potential hazard of pesticide-impregnated collars to dogs, 13 male Beagles were allotted to 2 groups; 8 of the dogs were fitted wtih propoxur-impregnated tick and flea collars and the other 5 were fitted with placebo collars. All dogs wore their collars for 42 consecutive days. The dogs wearing test collars had significant (P less than 0.01) depression of erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase activities at day 1 after collar application; however, the enzyme activity values returned to the preexposure range within 3 days. Miosis, with decreased pupillary response, was noticed during the 1st week of exposure. Irritation of the skin of the neck was mild and transient in both the test and control groups from the 2nd week onward.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Flea Ceratophyllus fasciatus as the vector of the Altai-mountain strain of plague microbe].

The work was conducted with a typical strain of the plague agent, which is virulent to white mice and little virulent to guinea pigs (subcutaneous infection), and with C. fasciatus. The fleas of this species can be infected, form the block of proventriculus within 4 to 35 days, transmit the agent during bloodsucking to healthy animals and cause the death both white mice and guinea pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Acute organophosphate poisoning after spraying against dog fleas].

A case of moderate organophosphate intoxication in a 49 year-old male who sprayed against dog-fleas in his home is presented. The patient had symptoms of cholinergic excess, presenting as gastrointestinal hyperactivity, salivation, sweating, muscle fasciculations and confusion after in-door spraying with windows and doors kept closed. He recovered after 4 mg of atropine. S-cholinesterase was 3900 U/l (normal range 3800-10,000 U/l) measured with an activity assay, and increased to 6700 U/l the following day.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The proventriculus of the Xenopsylla cheopis flea studied by scanning electron microscopy].

The proventriculus of the flea X. cheopis was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The external surface of the proventriculus is a rigid structure with an alveolate surface ("wasp nest") formed by muscular cords. The internal surface of the proventriculus is represented by numerous acanthae which fall close together. They have a shape of bent dens with longitudinal sharply angular edges and concave spaces between them. Some edges are crenate.

Animals↗