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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Familial flexion-supination deformity at the PIP joint of the finger.

The case of a 36-year-old female typist with familial bilateral flexion-supination deformity at the PIP joint of the long fingers is presented. This deformity was ascribed to hypoplasia of the radial lateral band and retaining structures of the long extensor tendon. The deformity was corrected by bridging the second dorsal interosseous muscle and the radial extensor lateral band with a free tendon graft and the reconstruction of retaining ligaments.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cutaneous afferents provide information about knee joint movements in humans.

1. Neurophysiological evidence that afferent information from skin receptors is important for proprioception has been gathered mainly in experiments relating to the human hand and finger joints. To investigate if proprioceptive information is also provided by skin mechanoreceptor afferents from skin areas related to large joints of postural importance, microneurography recordings were obtained in humans from skin afferents in the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve to study their responses to knee joint movements. 2. Data were collected from 60 sequentially recorded afferents from slowly (n = 23) and fast (n = 6) adapting low-threshold mechanoreceptors, hair follicle receptors (n = 24), field receptors (n = 1) and C mechanoreceptors (n = 6). Fascicular recordings showed that the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve supplies extensive areas of the thigh: from 5-10 cm below the inguinal ligament down to below and lateral to the knee joint; accordingly, the afferents originated in receptors located in wide areas of the human thigh. 3. All afferents from fast and slowly adapting low-threshold mechanoreceptors, as well as C mechanoreceptors, responded to manually applied skin stretch. In contrast, the same stimulus elicited, at most, feeble responses in hair follicle receptors. 4. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the responses of a subset of afferents revealed that in particular slowly adapting afferents effectively encode both static and dynamic aspects of passively imposed knee joint movements. 5. It was concluded that receptors in the hairy skin of humans can provide high-fidelity information about knee joint movements. A previously undefined type of slowly adapting receptor (SA III) seemed particularly suited for this task whereas this does not seem to be the case for either hair follicle receptors or C mechanoreceptors.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rough endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities in a patient with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with scoliosis, joint laxity, and finger deformities.

Iliac crest growth cartilage biopsy in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) showed an endoplasmic reticulum storage disorder of epiphyseal and physeal chondrocytes. Biochemical analyses of iliac crest cartilage extracellular matrix showed no signs of deficits in any of the structural collagens types II, IX, or XI. The physis was abnormal by light microscopy with chondrocyte columnation replaced by clone-like cell accumulations surrounded by widened acellular cartilage septae. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of most chondrocytes was dilated. In some cells the RER contained homogeneous material but in most there were abnormal electron-dense accumulations. In some the material was seen in small amounts adjacent to the edge of the RER. In others, increasingly large amounts were seen that were randomly oriented and diffusely marginated. In many cells, assembly had progressed to well-marginated collections of wavy rod-like structures with a circular orientation parallel to the outer edges of the RER. The electron-dense accumulations measured from 34 to 40 nm in diameter. Mutations have prevented normal processing of collagen such that exit from the RER is abnormally slowed and abnormal self-assembly occurs within the dilated cisternae.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1978

An intracortical microstimulation study of output organization in precentral cortex of awake primates.

We investigated the output organization of the forelimb control area in primate precentral cortex by using low-current (less than 30 microamperemeter) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). Movement about a joint was selected as the index of response. Penetrations perpendicular to the cortical surface and deep into the rostral bank of the central sulcus were made in two awake unanesthetized monkeys (Macaca arctoides). Cortical areas were designated by the joint about which movements occurred. 1. ICMS loci which produced movements about finger joints were found to tightly cluster in a central zone, and were surrounded by loci controlling movement about the wrist. This wrist zone was in turn approximately encircled by an elbow zone, which itself was enclosed by a shoulder zone. 2. Appreciable overlap between these zones controlling movements about contiguous joints was observed. 3. The observations indicate a nested-ring organization of the forelimb output zones of precentral cortex, such that a cortical zone controlling movement of a more distal joint is partly encircled by the zone controlling a more proximal joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Physical therapy and balneotherapy of arthritis].

The "points of attack" of physical therapy in osteoarthritis are the impaired metabolism of cartilage, the accompanying extra-articular pains in ligaments and muscles and the secondary inflammation. Heat treatment and exercises both have useful metabolic effects; furthermore they influence pain, muscle tone, mobility and blood flow. When secondary inflammation occurs, osteoarthritis should be treated like joint inflammations with short time immobilisation and cold treatment. Osteoarthritis of small finger joints can be treated in the same manner as osteoarthritis of large joints by movement-exercises in warm or cold mud. Spa-treatment as a combination of warm springs, mud etc, with exercises, dietary supplement and health education is a very traditional and useful kind of treatment of osteoarthritis with long term effects. Measurements of physical therapy are also of preventive value. Since physical therapy primarily is always strenuous for the organism, in higher age it must be used careful and well adapted to the tolerability of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Infections of the hand].

Tendon sheath infections and septic arthritis require early irrigation therapy in order to avoid permanent loss of function. In the thumb, infection of the sheath often leads to an acute carpal tunnel syndrome, necessitating open median nerve decompression. Differential diagnoses have to be taken into consideration: tuberculous synovialitis of the tendon sheath or finger joint is not yet extinct. The severely painful herpetic whitlow of the finger tip requires virostatic therapy. Operative measures are also not indicated in the acute calcium deposit, which as a rule resolves spontaneously within several days. Only its chronic recurrent form with or without pressure symptoms requires surgical intervention.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1995

Human muscle spindle afferent activity in relation to visual control in precision finger movements.

1. Impulse activities of muscle spindle afferents from the finger extensor muscles were recorded in the radial nerve of human subjects. In addition to single unit activity, surface EMG was recorded as well as finger joint position and angular velocity. 2. All units were studied under two conditions of voluntary finger movements. In the visual condition, the subject tracked ramp and hold sequences at a single metacarpophalangeal joint. In the non-visual condition the subject was asked to produce the same movement while visual control was denied altogether. 3. With sixteen units, detailed statistical analyses failed to reveal significant differences in muscle spindle afferent activity between the visual and the non-visual task. However, with two group Ia units, impulse rate was marginally but significantly higher in the visual task even when differences in average movement velocity, velocity variability and EMG level had been factored out. 4. The findings suggested that access to visual information for movement control did not produce any large-scale differences in spindle afference, although a small effect of an increased and independent gamma-activation emerged in the statistical analysis in 11% of the units.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Isometric torque of the finger extensors at the metacarpophalangeal joints.

A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the isometric torque produced at the metacarpophalangeal joint during finger extension. Fifteen women with normal right hands, aged 21 to 29 years, participated. Each subject was tested for maximal force of isometric extension at the metacarpophalangeal joint angles of 0, 30, and 60 degrees on each of the four fingers. Torque was computed by multiplying the recorded tension and measured length of the proximal phalanx (lever arm). The mean torque for the long finger was significantly greater than the average torque for each of the other three fingers. The mean torque at the joint angle of 60 degrees was significantly greater than at 0 degrees but not at 30 degrees. Reasons for the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Fusimotor and skeletomotor activities are increased with precision finger movement in man.

1. Impulses of eighteen muscle spindle afferents from finger extensor muscles were recorded from the radial nerve while subjects performed single joint finger movements of two kinds, i.e. routine and precision, which were nearly identical with regard to kinematics. 2. The firing rates of ten primary and two secondary spindle afferents were higher in the precision movements by more than 10%, although the difference reached statistical significance in only seven of them. In most cases when spindle firing was higher in precision movements the skeletomotor activity was higher as well. 3. The findings indicated that the fusimotor activity was often stronger with precision movements compared with routine movements. This result is in qualitative agreement with several studies on behaving cats, demonstrating higher fusimotor activity in more demanding motor tasks. On the other hand, the effects were much smaller in humans than in cats. Moreover, in contrast to findings from experiments in cats, no support was obtained for the hypothesis that fusimotor activity was adjusted independently of the skeletomotor activity in human finger muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cancer risk among patients with finger and hand joint and temporo-mandibular joint prostheses in Denmark.

The use of artificial joint implants has risen greatly over the past years. However, few investigations of the cancer risk associated with implants have been performed. We investigated cancer risk in patients with finger and hand joint and temporo-mandibular (TMJ) joint implants. A nationwide cohort in Denmark of patients with finger and hand joint prostheses (n = 858) or TMJ implants (n = 389) was followed from January 1, 1977, to December 31, 1995, to evaluate any potential cancer risks subsequent to receiving these implants. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for all cancers were 1.0 (95% CI = 0.8-1.2) for the finger and hand joint cohort and 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.7) for the TMJ cohort. A significant risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in the finger and hand joint cohort (SIR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.5-7.8). When the finger and hand joint cohort was stratified by diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, the excess risk was seen only in the group with rheumatoid arthritis. This is consistent with past studies, which have found an association between rheumatoid arthritis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Our results provide evidence that the cancer risk for patients with finger and hand joint prostheses and TMJ implants is similar to that for the general population.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Simultaneous dislocation of both interphalangeal joints in a finger.

Unlike dislocations of the distal or proximal interphalangeal joints, the simultaneous dislocation in a single finger of both seems to be a rare occurrence. Reduction and checking of the collateral ligament, extensor tendon, and volar plate, followed by 3 weeks of splinting in the intrinsic plus position seems to be the treatment of choice.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers.

Although complete collateral ligament tear and instability involving the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers, especially those on the radial aspect of the index finger, are rare, they may be underdiagnosed, underestimated, and potentially disabling. Awareness and suspicion of the injury, coupled with careful physical and imaging examinations, confirm the diagnosis and its extent. Early operative repair results in favorable outcomes in most cases. Chronic instability may lead to pain, weakness, and arthritis. Late ligament repair or reconstruction is typically slightly less reliable than acute repair, yet often improves outcomes. Arthritic joints may require reconstruction.

Collateral Ligaments↗
PubMed1997

A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, systemic sclerosis and Sjögren syndrome.

We report the case of a 42-year-old Japanese woman who developed multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) complicated by systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Sjögren syndrome (SS). The patient complained of tender nodules on the left hand, polyarthralgia in the finger joints and knees, and xerostomia. The skin nodules were distributed mainly on her hands and fingers with skin sclerosis. The serum anti-nuclear test revealed anti-centromere antibody and the discrete speckled pattern of anti-nuclear antibody. The biopsy specimens from the finger nodule and the sclerotic finger skin showed a perivascular infiltration of multinucleated giant cells with ground-glass cytoplasm and dermal thick collagen proliferation, respectively. The lip biopsy and sialography specimens showed periductal lymphocyte infiltration and apple tree-like changes. Systemic corticosteroid treatment improved the polyarthritis, xerostomia, and skin sclerosis rapidly but suppressed the nodular lesions only gradually. This is the first report of a combined case of MR, SSc and SS. This multiple autoimmune complication suggests the involvement of an immunological disturbance in the pathogenesis of MR.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗