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PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacokinetic study of the neuroleptic, azabutyrone].

By using gas-chromatographic and spectrophotometric assays and adopting pharmacokinetic models of various types the pharmacokinetics of the neuroleptic azabutyron in the plasms, bile, gastric juice and urine of rabbits and rats was studied. The maximum level of azabutyron in the plasma (27 gamma/ml) was recorded 5 minutes after introduction of the drug. The amount of unchanged azabutyron passed with urine comprises 2--4 pc of the dose actually introduced, while the quantity of the agent excreted together with the bile and gastric juice was below 1 pc. The results thus obtained were subjected to electronic data processing according to the two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. It is presumed that in order to properly explain the pharmacokinetics of azabutyron some models of a greater complexity have to be used.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Tele-electrosubcorticogram study of reactions to vestibular stimulation in neurosurgical clinical practice].

In connection with stereotactic examinations and operations, mainly in certain forms of epilepsy, the electro-subcorticogram under, vestibular stimulations was recorded by telemetry. The amount of informat ion obtained was analysed by electronic data processing. A number of vegetative parameters and the electro-oculogram could be recorded at the same time. Regular bioelectric reaction of the desynchronisation type or of the oscillation depression type were found. In the presence of focal or generalised convulsions, a weakening of the epileptic discharges were observed under labyrinthine stimulation. Also the sense of rotation leads to special influences. The method is also of importance for the postoperative phase as it represents an adaptation of the requirements of modern living conditions (acute accelerations, breaking and changes in direction). Finally, information about the dominance of interfocal relations can also be obtained.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1999

Design and first results of CytoBuoy: a wireless flow cytometer for in situ analysis of marine and fresh waters.

BACKGROUND: The high costs of microscopical determination and counting of phytoplankton often limit sampling frequencies below an acceptable level for the monitoring of dynamic ecosystems. Although having a limited discrimination power, flow cytometry allows the analysis of large numbers of samples to a level that is sufficient for many basic monitoring jobs. For this purpose, flow cytometers should not be restricted to research laboratories. We report here on the development of an in situ flow cytometer for autonomous operation inside a small moored buoy or on other platforms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Operational specifications served a wide range of applications in the aquatic field. Specific conditions had to be met with respect to the operation platform and autonomy. A small, battery-operated flow cytometer resulted, requiring no external sheath fluid supply. Because it was designed to operate in a buoy, we call it CytoBuoy. Sampling, analysis, and radio transmission of the data proceed automatically at user-defined intervals. A powerful feature is the acquisition and radio transmission of full detector pulse shapes of each particle. This provides valuable morphological information for particles larger than the 5-microm laser focus. CONCLUSIONS: CytoBuoy allows on-line in situ particle analysis, estimation of phytoplankton biomass, and discrimination between different phytoplankton groups. This will increase the applicability of flow cytometry in the field of environmental monitoring.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed2001

Patients compliance in periodontal therapy: a retrospective investigation on the basis of a clinical group.

PURPOSE: Because periodontal therapies, as shown in numerous studies, are long-term treatments, the continuous and active cooperation of the patient is indispensable. This study focused on the compliance of a large group of patients over a longer period of time and aimed to uncover possible factors affecting compliance. The possible correlation between the patient's gender and attitudes toward oral hygiene was included. Measures of the success of systematic periodontal treatment was the basis of evaluation. METHODS: On the basis of treatment documentation covering 500 periodontic patients at a University Dental Clinic, over a period of 25 years, patient compliance was statistically determined, particularly in the recall phase, and the success of treatment was related to a number of study parameters. RESULTS: Interruption of treatment was recorded in 20% of the cases in the preoperative phase and in 46.4% in the recall phase. Regarding compliance, greater interest and more regular participation on the part of women was observed. The results demonstrate that compliance in domestic oral hygiene--as measured by the pre- and post-therapeutic approximal plaques-index-value--was improved by 26%. Comparing the pre- and the post-therapeutic measurements of the mean probing depths, there was a mean improvement of 0.31 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Patient compliance can clearly be improved, first by providing more information about the development and consequences of periodontal diseases and secondly by institution of a recall system supported by electronic data processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Hospitalized hypertensiol patients with gastrointestinal disease].

A careful codification according to the rules of electronic data processing of all data given and especially of the admission number on the signature margin of th medical record gives the possiblity of a rapid return of information for the practice and of a scientific evalustion. 404 patients with hypertension (400-404) of the distric Rostock who were treated in the clinic simultaneously suffered from gastrointestinal diseases (531-536, 570-577). For a more specialized analysis of the clinical data from case histories the four largest institutions of the district were chosen. From this results a relation number of 100 patients with these diagnostic combinations. 73% of these patients were of female sex. The higher blood pressure values at the beginning of the treatment we find in hypertensive patients with simultaneous disease of the gallbladder, in which cases these patients to 44% also showed an overweight. In 74% of the patients there occurred a systolic decrease of blood pressure, in 66% a diastolic one. More frequently than on the average the decrease of the blood pressure appeared in patients with liver and gall-bladder diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Screening tests for the determination of risk groups in respiratory insufficiency under conditions of epidemiological serial studies].

A report is given on a system of effective respiratory functional tests which proved its value when used in epidemiological mass examinations in connection with the mass miniature radiography in Berlin, Brandenburg and Halle as well as in mass examinations in Berlin enterprises. Thereby a new development - Pneumotest - is presented, an electronic spirometer for the recognition of ventilatory and distribution analytic preliminary parameters with digital indication of 5 sizes of the breath test manoeuvre which is to be applied as successor of the well-known spirotest device. In this paper the functional capacity of the further developed fluorographic densimetry as preliminary emphysematic test is proved. The application of the rapid helium or O2/N2 breathing back technique for the determination of residual volume and closing volume has in connection with the automatic establishment of the measuring values proved as basic diagnostics for emphysema with a large efficiency and at the same time with high reliability. The digestion of the epidemiological functional data with the help of electronic data processing is carried out in the own microcalculator system following immediately the application during examination.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

History of cardiovascular imaging procedures (as developed and/or applied in German cardiology).

The value of the four main imaging tools: radiology, magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography and nuclear cardiology depends in the first place on physical properties which determine the spatial, temporal and density resolution and second on the conditions under which the relevant information can be obtained with respect to the diagnostic or therapeutic problem, the comfort of the investigation, the degree of invasivity and the expenses. For several decades radiology was the only available method that allowed a look into the body. Thereby, all relevant information about diseases amenable to any surgical or conservative therapy could be attained. Parallel to the progress of cardiovascular surgery, angiocardiography could provide the anatomic and functional characteristics of congenital and acquired heart diseases. The basic principles for the measurement of total heart size, volume and shape were established already before contrast injection--initially by hand--showed the internal architecture of the heart cavities and the circulatory system. With the invention of film changers, the fundamental knowledge about all kinds of malformations of the heart and vessels was gained. Further technical progress made the procedures faster by cineangiocardiography, more comfortable by simultaneous biplane operation and easier to handle by videotechniques, allowing electronic data processing, storage and retrieval in bright operating theaters. Computer technology favored flexible image processing which, like digital subtraction and functional angiocardiography, could reduce the amount of contrast material to be injected and thereby improve the compatibility, due to better nonionic contrast material and shorter study times. Finally, computer tomography with cross sectional, or spiral data collection enabled a dynamic three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of the beating heart and to display selected information in 'measures and numbers'. Inspite all these successes, the 'stain' of invasivity remains. Strong competition arose first in echocardiography, which--after some pioneering activities in Germany in the late 1950s--flourished in the 1970s, after being reimported from the US. Most of the rapidly increasing number of ultrasound technologies--from M-mode, via various 2D linear and sector scanning procedures in combination with continuous, pulsed and/or color Doppler methods, new contrast-echo modalities and finally 3D volume scanning procedures--can be applied without any harm in all age groups and from each competent practitioner with comparably small and cheap equipment. Only oesophageal and intravascular approaches retain a touch of invasivity. Consequently not much room remains for other techniques except those, like MRI, which can differentiate tissue properties better and with higher resolution and give unlimited access to all intrathoracic organs noninvasively. Under these conditions the indications for nuclear cardiology are restricted to the small field of myocardial perfusion and metabolic studies, whereas transit time measurements and radionuclide ventriculography are practically obsolete.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1976

[Advantages and disadvantages of deliveries after induction of labour by convenience (author's transl)].

The development of 601 deliveries after induction of labour by convenience, 92 births after induced labour following pregnancies at risk and 1829 births after spontaneous onset of labour were examined and compared. The data were recorded retrospectively and submitted to an electronic data processing. Patients with whom the labour was induced had the shortest birth times, the difference amounted on average to 2 hours. In the comparison collective with spontaneous setting in of labour a hypotonic uterus motility was found to be the most frequent pathological labour activity. Pathological pattern of heart frequency, especially late decelerations were most frequently registered with fetuses of the risk group. The frequency of the operative deliveries amounted to 13% in the case of the collective of the induced labour, 35,9% in the case of patients in the risk group, and 10% in the case of the comparison collective. Threatening fetal asphyxia and protracted extrusion period were in the case of primiparas after induced labour equally often the indication for a vaginal-operative delivery, whereas with the comparison collective, in the risk group and also with multiparas after induced labour, the threatening fetal asphyxia was primarily for the carrying out of a forceps delivery or a vacuum extraction. Concerning the birth weight and size the new-borns of the collectives examined showed no significant differences. The best Apgar-score was achieved by the new-born induced labour babies. Only 0,5% of these babies showed pronounced signs of placental dysfunction, in the risk group 9,6%, and in the comparison collective 1,6% of the babies were born with a pronounced Clifford-syndrome. Induced labour babies did not need any pediatric treatment. There were no perinatal deaths. In the case of comparison collective, long term pediatric treatment was necessary for 8 babies, 1 baby died subpartual, another one in the pediatric clinic, that means a perinatal mortality of 0,1%. In the risk group 3 babies needed pediatric treatment, 1 baby died of the consequences of a serious erythroblastosis, the perinatal mortality amounted to 1,1%. In a critical evaluation of the without exception favourable obstetrical results after induced labour, the technical, personal and organisational efforts should not be overlooked. This stands in the way of a widespread use of the process in the near future. The results hitherto permit the temporary inference that 1) psychologically positive prerequisites for the birth are created if the pregnant woman knows a firm date for the delivery, 2) the whole partus can be continuously supervised and the maternal and infantile emergencies prevented in good time and 3) through the calculability of risks during pregnancy and birth, perinatal mortality and morbidity can be reduced considerably.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1976

[TNM-classification of oral cavity neoplasms the value of clinically measurable factors (TN)].

Problems associated with the classification of cavum oris and labial carcinomata were discussed with particular reference to patients admitted to and treated in seven different clinical hospitals where identical methods of diagnosis and case history evaluation had been used. Using electronic data processing and biostatistical methods it was possible to study the effects of two clinically detectable factors (growth of primary tumor and degree of regional metastasizing) on both the prognosis and classification according to UICC rules. It was possible to show that a determination of the size of primary tumor (T) alone was not sufficient for three homogeneous, prognostically different collectives of tumors to be satisfactorily classified by the new UICC rules. It has been shown that a classification of three collectives of tumors (new classification according to UICC rules), especially as regards the proportion of N3 metastases within the collectives of tumors, was made possible. Therefore, it will be necessary to study the prognostic influences of additional clinically determinable factors with a view to arriving at a useful and practicable classification of oral cavity carcinomata.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Retrospective analysis of blood collection protocols and blood alcohol analysis (Hamburg 1988)].

9,361 blood sample protocols (7,264 traffic and 2,097 criminal offences) of 1988 have been recorded and evaluated by electronic data processing under various aspects at the Institute for Legal Medicine in Hamburg. Since 1987 a slight increase of total offences was observed with a slight increase of alcohol-related traffic delinquency. Other results of the study are: The quota of women and as well of young people does not show an increasing tendency in alcoholic offences. In most cases older offenders had higher blood alcohol concentrations. More than 50% of the traffic offenders had a blood alcohol concentration above 1.3%. Altogether, criminal offenders had higher blood alcohol concentrations than traffic offenders. According to the common drinking- and leisure behaviour most of the alcohol delicts happened at weekends around midnight. In more than 50% the main traffic delict was drunken driving discovered by police control. Main criminal offences were delicts of property, bodily harm and resistance to police actions. With regard to alcohol habitation a great number of criminal offenders declares constant alcohol consumption, especially a lot of young people (under the age of 20). The medical diagnosis mostly pointed to slight or medium degree of drunkenness.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Theory and implementation of an electronic, automated measurement system for images obtained from immunohistochemically stained slides.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and implement an Internet-based, automated image measurement system for immunohistochemically stained slides including fluorescence images in online and off-line modes. STUDY DESIGN: An image analyzing system was developed that automatically measures digitized images obtained from immunohistochemically stained slides. It is divided into a common server platform and a specific image quantification system based upon DIAS (University of Jena). After registration, the user fills in an input data form and attaches images to be measured. The server periodically transfers the data to the measurement system. The measurement works on dynamic thresholding and active sampling of objects visualized by fluorescence and conventional chromogens. It includes stereologic algorithms, object quantification, syntactic structure analysis and quality assurance. RESULTS: The system has been tested for diaminobenzidene, alkaline phosphatase and fluorescence images (FITC, etc.). The reproducibility and stability of the system are > 98%. The series of successfully measured images comprises > 1,000 images in total in the online and off-line modes. CONCLUSION: An Internet-based automated image measurement system has been developed that offers worldwide access to the major requests for quantification of immunohistochemically stained slides-tissue array analysis, nuclear stains (MIB, hormones), membrane stains (CerbB2), vascularization and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗