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PubMedDate not supplied

Radiopacity of direct esthetic restorative materials.

This study determined the radiopacity of 21 commercially available direct esthetic restorative materials with reference to an aluminum step wedge and an equivalent thickness of enamel and dentin. A total of 168 samples measuring 6 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness, with eight samples of each material, were prepared from restorative materials. Enamel and dentin samples 1-mm thick were also prepared by longitudinally sectioning eight extracted human permanent molars using a microslicing machine. The optical densities of each restorative material, along with one tooth section and an aluminum step wedge were measured from radiographic images using a transmission photodensitometer. The optical density values of the specimens were used to determine the aluminum thickness equivalent values. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range tests. The results showed statistically significant differences among materials. Tetric Ceram had the greatest radiopacity value and was higher than enamel. All materials except for the microfilled resin composite Filtek A 110 had radiopacity values greater than dentin and possessed sufficient radiopacity to meet ISO 4049 standard. Significant differences were found among materials of the same composition when compared to enamel.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Modeling and characterization of the CEJ for optimization of esthetic implant design.

This study evaluated the dimensions and characteristics of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of maxillary anterior teeth; the natural CEJ was compared to current implant design and used for design optimization. Standardized digital images of 137 extracted human teeth (45 central incisors, 46 lateral incisors, and 46 canines) were used to measure cervical dimensions, CEJ curvature, and distance from zenith of CEJ to interdental contact on proximal views. The x- and y-coordinates of the CEJ contour were digitized before mathematic processing to allow the representation of a single average curve for buccal, palatal, mesial, and distal surfaces for each tooth type. These measurements were combined to existing data related to dentogingival and "implantomucosal" junction to extrapolate specific biologic landmarks around teeth and implants. Mean cervical dimensions, distance from zenith of CEJ to interdental contact, and CEJ curvature were compared. Cervical dimensions significantly differed, with a more symmetric cervical cross-section for central incisors, slightly more rectangular shape for lateral incisors, and distinctly rectangular shape for canines. CEJ curvature was statistically different between all tooth groups (centrals > laterals > canines); within groups, curvature value was always superior at the mesial aspect compared to distally (3.46 mm vs 3.13 mm for centrals, 2.97 mm vs 2.38 mm for laterals, and 2.55 mm vs 1.60 mm for canines). Tooth-implant biologic width discrepancies ranged from 4.10 to 5.96 mm and were different between all groups of teeth (centrals > laterals > canines); within groups, the discrepancy was always superior at the mesial aspect compared to distally. Current implant design featuring a flat, rotation-symmetric shoulder should be reconsidered in view of natural CEJ contour to improve biologic considerations and related esthetics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of fluoride varnishes on color stability of esthetic restorative materials.

Fluoride varnish applications were applied to two hybrid resin composite materials, Z-100 (3M Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA) and Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), shades A1 and A2 and a glass ionomer, GC Fuji IX GP Fast (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), shade A2, to evaluate color stability. Specimens (12.6-mm dia x 2.3 mm) were prepared using a polyethylene frame, light-cured and polished through a 1-microm alumina finish. After the initial baseline color measurements, the discs were suspended in Fusayama artificial saliva (FAS) solution at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Post immersion, the specimens were divided into five groups (n=15 each). The following fluoride varnishes were applied to four groups of test specimens: Duraphat (Colgate Oral Pharmaceutical, Inc, Canton MA, USA), Cavity Shield (OMNII Oral Pharmaceuticals, West Palm Beach, FL, USA), Duraflor (Pharmascience Inc, Montreal, Canada) and Fluor Protector (Vivadent, Ivoclar North America, Amherst, NY, USA). The varnish was allowed to dry for five minutes before immersion. The control group was not coated with varnish, although the specimens were immersed in FAS. All specimens were incubated in newly prepared FAS at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, cleaned with an electric toothbrush and the process repeated using newly prepared FAS. CIE L*a*b* color measurements were recorded five times: at baseline, after 48 hours FAS immersion, after cleaning the first and second fluoride varnish applications and after the final brushing using a commercial toothpaste (Crest). A Minolta CR-300 tristimulus colorimeter with an 8-mm aperture (Ramsey, NJ, USA) was used to record color measurements with the daylight (D65) setting. Calculations were performed for using CIE parameters deltaE*, deltaL*, delta a*, delta b*. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc test (Fisher's PLSD) were used for statistical analysis. After immersion in saliva, the tested glass ionomer (Fuji IX) produced the most significant color changes (deltaE*=1.19 and deltaL*=-1.03), indicating the effect of the color change was due to absorption. After fluoride varnish applications, Duraphat varnish produced significant changes in all tested materials and shades, resulting in color changes with deltaE greater than (>) 1 but less than (<) 3. These color changes are considered visually perceptible, yet have been reported in dental literature as clinically acceptable. Fluoride varnishes can be used without adversely affecting the color of restorative materials.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

Functional and esthetic rehabilitation in amelogenesis imperfecta with all-ceramic restorations: a case report.

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition resulting in poor tooth development, severe anomalies, or complete absence of enamel. Enamel lesions may be the only characteristic of this condition or may be part of a generalized syndrome. Amelogenesis imperfecta can be characterized by enamel hypoplasia and/or hypomaturation or hypocalcification of the existing teeth. Restoration for patients with this condition should be oriented toward the functional and esthetic rehabilitation and the protection of the existing teeth. This paper presents a description of a patient's oral rehabilitation with all-ceramic veneers and crowns after extensive crown lengthening. The diagnostic procedure is also reported in detail. A microscopic examination was also performed on an extracted third molar under polarized light.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro evaluation of the cariostatic action of esthetic restorative materials in bovine teeth under severe cariogenic challenge.

Considering that caries around restorations is a serious problem in dentistry, and some restorative materials with fluoride may be important in inhibiting these lesions, this research is aimed at performing an in vitro evaluation of the cariostatic action of some esthetic restorative materials. Standardized cavities were prepared in the center of either intact blocks of bovine enamel or with bovine teeth containing early artificial carious lesions. The specimens were restored with a high viscosity glass ionomer cement (Molar Ketac), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer), a polyacid-modified resin composite (Dyract AP) and a conventional resin composite (Z-250). In addition to the restored specimens, four corresponding control groups were evaluated. All groups, except for two control groups, were subjected to a demineralization/remineralization cycling model for 14 days, simulating a situation of severe cariogenic challenge. The blocks were then longitudinally sectioned through the restorations. Mineral loss was evaluated in these specimens using the Knoop microhardness profiles in longitudinal sections at three different distances of the cavities and at eight distinct depths in relation to the external enamel surface. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups, although none of the study materials completely inhibited creation of the lesions. Vitremer demonstrated the best cariostatic action in intact bovine enamel. Ketac Molar, in intact or demineralized enamel, and Vitremer, in demineralized enamel, presented intermediate cariostatic potential. Z-250 and Dyract AP did not demonstrate any cariostatic effect. The data suggests that glass ionomer cements demonstrated better cariostatic action compared to the other restorative materials.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Color difference of four esthetic restorative materials by the illuminant.

PURPOSE: To determine the difference in lightness, chroma, hue angle and color of four kinds of esthetic restorative materials of the same shade designation by the change of standard illuminants of D65 (daylight), A (incandescent lamp) and F2 (fluorescent lamp). METHODS: Spectral reflectance and color of four resin composites, a glass ionomer, a resin-modified glass ionomer and a compomer of shade A2 were measured according to the CIELAB color scale relative to the illuminants D65, A and F2. Spectral reflectance curves were compared, and changes in lightness (deltaL*), chroma (deltaC*ab), hue angle (deltah degrees) and color (deltaE*ab) by the changes of illuminants from D65 to A or F2 were compared as "value relative to the illuminant A or F2 - value relative to the illuminant D65". RESULTS: In curves of spectral reflectance, the curves were in the similar range of reflectance (%) except glass ionomer. Changes in lightness were low (0.42-1.27), and changes in chroma were 0.26-2.23 for both conditions. These values were different by the kind of materials. The magnitude of the changes in hue angle was the most prominent in both conditions and was significantly different by the illuminants of A and F2 (P< 0.05). The range of color difference was 1.13-3.02 in both conditions.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

Function: the basis of facial esthetics.

Inadequate primary surgery, or a failure to establish muscular balance of the anterior face, causes muscular dysfunction. Muscular dysfunction has a nefarious effect on subsequent facial growth. Establishment of muscular balance, as early as possible, provides the best foundation for good esthetics.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed2005

Bond integrity of dental core materials to esthetic intraradicular posts.

Bond strengths between various materials for endodontic post-core buildups are unknown. The study determined the diametral tensile strength of three esthetic post systems bonded directly or indirectly to four core materials, and subsequent scanning electron microscopy was performed on the fractures. Cylindric core buildup was made around the parallel-sided section of the posts using a custom-made jig. Strength was tested after 14 days. A significant difference was found between the control group and the other groups (P = .0001). SEM observations were in agreement with the results. Apart from the control group, the results suggested that directly and indirectly performed post-core buildups have similar diametral tensile strength values.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed2005

Bilaminar subepithelial connective tissue grafts for immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone.

Immediate implant placement and provisionalization has been considered as a preservative procedure when replacing failing teeth, especially in the esthetic zone. Nevertheless, an average facial gingival tissue recession of 1 mm is still common after one year of function. Furthermore, facial gingival recession of thin periodontal biotype seems to be more pronounced than that of thick biotype. Biotype conversion around both natural teeth and implants with subepithelial connective tissue graft has been advocated, and the resulting tissues appear to be more resistant to recession. A technique combining subepithelial connective tissue graft and immediate implant placement and provisionalization is devised to achieve a more stable peri-implant tissue in thin biotype situations. This article describes the surgical and prosthodontic approach of this procedure as well as its clinical rationale.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Distraction osteogensis: a surgical option for restoring missing tissue in the anterior esthetic zone.

Common causes of alveolar defects include bone resorption due to loss of teeth, infection, or trauma. There is often insufficient height or width of residual bone, and ridge augmentation may be required prior to implant placement. These defects range from small alveolar deficiencies to more complex, extensive bony defects. Various techniques are available for reconstructing alveolar ridges. Without augmentation, dental implants may have to be placed in anatomically unfavorable positions or have adverse angulations. These position/angulation compromises can lead to esthetic dissatisfaction, mechanical overload, and possibly implant loss. Both bone grafting and distraction osteogenesis are predictable methods for restoring missing tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Fluoride release from esthetic restorative materials with and without adhesive.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of surface coating containing fluoride on patterns and amounts of fluoride release from 5 esthetic restorative materials. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Twelve cylinders of each material were prepared in a plexiglass mold. The experimental groups (n = 6) were coated with 1 layer of fluoridated adhesive resin, Prompt L-Pop, while the control groups (n = 6) remained uncoated. Fluoride release into deionized water was measured on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 using an ion analyzer. Results were evaluated statistically using repeated measure analysis of variance and Duncan test. RESULTS: In the uncoated materials, the highest fluoride-releasing material was a resin composite Ariston pHc (140.468 +/- 9.80) followed by Photac-fil (101.200 +/- 5.56), Ketac-fil (91.098 + 4.69), Hytac Aplitip (5.122 +/- 1.00), and Ecusit (0.310 +/- 0.18). Material-coating interaction was found to be significant, but the effect of surface coating was different for each material. Among the coated materials, conventional glass-ionomer cement Ketac-fil released the highest amount of fluoride (93.326 +/- 10.86), followed by Photac-fil (83.666 +/- 4.72), Ariston pHc (53.862 +/- 7.90), Hytac Aplitip (14.634 +/- 2.35), and Ecusit (1.355 +/- 0.29). CONCLUSION: Application of fluoridated adhesive affected fluoride release from each material in varying magnitudes.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2006

[Elimination of anatomical and esthetic lesions in patients with rough infected defects of tissue].

The reconstructive plastic operations were made in 217 patients with infected tissue defects with continuous regional infusions or with a simultaneous sanitizing operation, or within 7-15 days. Skin plasty, catheterization of the main artery (210), secondary surgical treatment and sequest-necrectomy (185), osteosynthesis (106), bone plasty (69) and others (1118 operations in all) were carried on in all the patients, i.e. 5.1 operations per each patient with artery catheterization taken into account. The method of plastic replacement was chosen individually depending on localization, depth and spread of the defect. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients with no esthetic impairments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Laser-assisted gingival tissue procedures in esthetic dentistry.

Soft tissue lasers are increasing in popularity among clinicians in part due to their potential value in preprosthetic gingival procedures. The ability of soft tissue lasers to control moisture and facilitate hemostasis appears particularly promising for clinicians excising gingival tissues, performing esthetic crown lengthening, and using resective techniques for gingival troughing--and these applications will grow as practitioners become more familiar with such technologies. This presentation highlights the use of the 810 nm diode laser for perio-restorative procedures in the anterior maxilla.

Crown Lengthening↗
PubMed1990

An esthetic, bonded inlay/onlay technique for posterior teeth.

In the past, the primary focus of dentistry has been on the alleviation of pain and stopping the progression of disease. The reduction in the prevalence of dental caries, along with advances in adhesive technology, have combined to revolutionize the practice of dentistry today. The modern dentist, using the latest available cosmetic techniques, is now able to satisfy the emotional wants and needs of patients. The public, well informed about the possibilities for anterior esthetics, now desire tooth-colored restorations in the posterior. A new heat- and pressure-curing resin inlay/onlay material and the clinical and laboratory technique for its use are discussed.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osseointegrated implants for the retention of restorative jaw prostheses and facial prostheses for functional and esthetic rehabilitation following tumor surgery].

To restore the masticatory function after tumor surgery, 110 transmucosal intraoral implants have been inserted in 21 patients, and 26 percutaneous implants in a total of 9 patients for the stabilization of facial prostheses. While 12 of the intraoral implants had to be removed for lack of bony integration, the losses of the percutaneous implants for the stabilization of facial prostheses were exclusively due to tumor recurrences in the direct vicinity of the implants. Our previous results in the use of osseointegrated implants for the retention of restorative maxillofacial prostheses show a limited incidence of complications and give reason to expect long-term success in functional and esthetic rehabilitation. This method provides a decisive improvement in the quality of the life of tumor patients compared to the procedures used up to now.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1981

Maintenance of function and esthetics after partial mandibulectomy without bone grafting.

Partial mandibulectomy done for en bloc resection of oral or oropharyngeal cancer often produces a characteristic deviation of the chin toward the resected side. This results in esthetic, masticatory, and speech disabilities. The Joe Hall Morris biphase external pin fixation appliance was used in 20 patients, with excellent results in preventing such complications. In 12 to 14 weeks it maintained excellent stability of the remaining mandibular segments, which prevented muscle and scar contracture. None of the patients required bone grafting or other reconstructive surgery. The appliances also allowed the patients to open their mouths for intraoral care in the immediate postoperative period. Postoperative radiation or chemotherapy could be initiated without delay while the appliances were in place.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Esthetic treatment of severe tetracycline staining with orthodontics and veneers: a case report.

This case history describes and illustrates the excellent esthetic results now clinically possible when fixed appliance orthodontic therapy is combined with porcelain veneers to treat severe tetracycline staining and crowding. Because the patient also presented with a bimaxillary protrusion and a displaced maxillary midline, the treatment options also illustrate the dilemma between ideal, but prolonged, treatment options and quicker, but compromised, alternatives. The excellent final result accepted the initial protrusion but corrected the midline. A long-span bonded multistrand wire functioned as semipermanent retention.

Adult↗