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PubMed1981

An experimental evaluation of endodontic procedures and filling materials.

Radionuclide imaging was evaluated as a diagnostic tool in predicting the outcomes of endodontic procedures. Endodontic techniques intended to produce successful or unsuccessful results were performed on the molars of six dogs, and the effects on apical tissues were followed radiographically and by imaging over a 14-week period. Abnormally high uptake of radionuclides was observed during the first month following treatment in all teeth, regardless of the technique used. Persistent high uptake beyond that time was found to be associated with a failing course of therapy. Various root canal filling materials were also tested for their effects on bone formation in a rabbit model of healing bone. Experimental bone formation was inhibited by two commercial canal cements but not by either gutta-percha or silver points. It was tentatively concluded that the inhibitory effect of cements may serve to suppress heightened bone turnover associated with apical breakdown.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1981

Stress, relaxation, and saliva: a pilot study involving endodontic patients.

Thirty-four endodontic patients completed dental anxiety questionnaires and had saliva samples taken prior to and at the conclusion of their initial endodontic treatment. Pain and anxiety were managed with local anesthesia, nitrous oxide--oxygen psychosedation, hypnosis, and meditation, either alone or in combination. For most patients, by the conclusion of the treatment, anxiety had decreased, salivary volume had increased, and salivary protein was reduced. Meditation and hypnosis, either alone or in combination with local anesthesia, were most effective in anxiety reduction as measured by questionnaire and/or salivary changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Exploratory endodontic surgery.

Re-treatment of complicated endodontically treated teeth requires special consideration, particularly if the patient is unable to furnish the proper past history, such as where, when, and how the tooth in question was treated. In such cases most often more than just opening the pulp chamber and root canal(s) is required for a correct diagnosis. Under such circumstances exploratory endodontic surgery may become necessary to help determine prognosis and plan treatment. Thus, the amount of damage can be estimated and the possibility of successful treatment can be better evaluated through surgical exposure and direct visual examination of the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of a new mechanized endodontic device: the Endolift.

Four methods of canal preparation are tested: hand instrumentation with preflaring and step back, Giromatic, Union Broach Endo Angle, and the Kerr Endolift. The preparations are analyzed with plastic blocks and extracted human teeth. Hand instrumentation with preflaring and step-back is superior to and safer than the mechanized endodontic devices. With proper care and technique, some mechanized endodontic devices can produce adequate canal preparations.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1983

Electrochemical microleakage study of endodontic sealer/cements.

The sealing ability of five commonly used endodontic sealer/cements (Procosol, Diaket, Tubliseal, N2, and Nogenol), was studied by an electrochemical technique. Extracted teeth were prepared biomechanically and the root canals were sealed with one of the sealer/cements. Ten teeth were used for each material without an accompanying solid core. Microleakage was determined over a period of 30 days. The degree of leakage for the materials tested decreased in the following order: Diaket, Tubliseal, Nogenol, ProcoSol, N2. On the basis of this study and previously reported histopathologic studies of tissue compatibility, it appears that ProcoSol is the material of choice as an endodontic sealer/cement.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1983

Dilaceration of permanent upper lateral incisors: frequency, direction, and endodontic treatment implications.

A sample of 480 extracted permanent upper lateral incisors was visually examined and the direction of dilaceration was recorded. It was found that 52.1 percent of the roots of these teeth were distolabially dilacerated. Analysis of radiographs of another sample of 442 endodontically treated teeth revealed that distolabial dilaceration occurred in 52 percent of the cases. It is proposed that oversight of the distolabial direction of root dilaceration of upper lateral incisors can be a contributing factor in the failure of endodontic treatment of these teeth.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Tissue response to a glass ionomer used as an endodontic cement. A preliminary study in dogs.

A glass ionomer and a standard zinc phosphate were compared with respect to their biocompatibility as endodontic cements. The tissue response was assessed by implantation of both materials in dog tibias. In general, the glass ionomer appeared to provoke a slightly lesser inflammatory response than the zinc phosphate, but this was significant only at the 10- and 30-day observations. At the end of 90 days the tissue response to the tested materials appeared to be similar and the inflammatory picture tended to be resolved with progressive new bone formation. These findings suggest that the tested glass ionomer might adequately replace the zinc phosphate cement as a luting material for endodontic implant stabilizers.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Endodontic flap design: analysis and recommendations for current usage.

An endodontic flap design, which may be used as an alternative to the presently described endodontic flaps, is presented. This flap involves a full-thickness dissection with easily recognizable landmarks and straight-line incisions. A beveled horizontal incision is designed to incorporate the maximum amount of facial keratinized tissue into the body of the flap, while leaving the interproximal tissues untouched. The resultant flap is easily replaced with interrupted sutures to the stable interproximal papillae. Healing is rapid, with excellent esthetic results.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Management of a vertically fractured endodontically treated tooth.

The case of a vertically fractured endodontically treated tooth in which an amalgam platform was constructed on the root face is presented. A modified post crown was erected on this base. No exploratory endodontic surgery was performed. Over a 2-year follow-up period, neither the clinical nor the radiographic appearance of the tooth had deteriorated.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Management of posttreatment endodontic pain with oral dexamethasone: a double-blind study.

In a double-blind study, twenty-five subjects who received oral dexamethasone and twenty-five placebo subjects rated their postoperative pain 8 and 24 hours following initial endodontic treatment. The subjects who received dexamethasone reported statistically significantly less postoperative pain than the subjects who received the placebos. The question is raised as to whether oral corticosteroids are appropriate for routine management of posttreatment endodontic pain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic sealers.

Endodontic therapy often results in discoloration of the tooth crown. The main causes are blood, necrotic pulp tissue, and endodontic materials. The staining potentials of various materials were examined in vitro by means of a visual method for tooth color determination. Extracted premolars were prepared, and the following sealers were introduced into the pulp cavities: Zinc oxide eugenol cement, Grossman's cement, AH26, Diaket, N2, Riebler's paste, Tubliseal, and Endomethasone. Before the sealers were applied, the original tooth colors were assessed on the external buccal tooth surfaces. Further color determinations were carried out at regular intervals up to 6 months after introduction of the sealers. Each material induced measurable tooth discoloration within 3 weeks. Riebler's paste caused the most severe discoloration while Diaket caused a mild stain. The other materials produced intermediate discolorations between those of Riebler and Diaket.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Complications of endodontic therapy in florid osseous dysplasia.

A case in which endodontic therapy triggered an exaggerated inflammatory reaction in a patient with preexisting florid osseous dysplasia is presented. We suggest prophylactic antibiotic treatment before endodontic therapy in patients with this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An evaluation of xeroradiographs and radiographs in length determination in endodontics.

Twelve block sections of mandibles containing incisors, canines, premolars, and molars were dissected from human cadavers (total, 26 teeth). Endodontic access was achieved, and a No. 10 k-type endodontic file was inserted to a point approximately 1 to 2 mm short of the radiographic apex. By securing the mandible and Rinn instrument with plaster mounts, exposures were made from identical angles and film and jaw placement remained constant in both techniques. Conventional film images were recorded on Kodak Ultraspeed film with six to eight impulses. Xeroradiographic images were recorded with four to five impulses. Radiographs and xeroradiographs were evaluated with the use of light from a masked viewbox. A magnifying glass was used to evaluate visualization of the following entities: the root apex; the periodontal ligament; the trabecular pattern; and the measuring instruments. The images were examined and categorized by three examiners, who used the following scores: 3, optimal for diagnostic information; 2, adequate for diagnostic information; 1, poor but providing diagnostic information; and 0, unacceptably poor. In all categories examined, the information provided by xeroradiographs was significantly greater than that provided by conventional radiographs (p less than .05). In terms of diagnostic value and lower patient dose, xeroradiographs are preferred to conventional radiographs.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1987

Effect of the endodontic status of the tooth on experimental periodontal reattachment in baboons: a preliminary investigation.

The effect of the endodontic status of the tooth on periodontal reattachment after the raising of a mucogingival flap was studied with the use of 48 teeth in four old baboons. Root canal therapy was performed on 26 front teeth. Tubliseal, AH26, N2, and Diaket were used as sealers with gutta-percha. The pulps of 5 teeth were exposed and left infected; 17 teeth with intact pulps served as a control. The teeth and their surrounding structures were studied histologically for reattachment with new cementum formation 2 to 17 days, 1 to 2 months, and up to 1 year after the operation. In the teeth examined 1 month postoperatively or more, if epithelium had not covered the denuded surface, new cementum was present, regardless of the endodontic status.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome. IV. Exacerbations during endodontic treatment. Part 3. A case report.

An asymptomatic abscessed maxillary premolar, which had undergone previous endodontic treatment, was retreated. The initial attempt to remove the silver cone seal was unsuccessful. Early the next morning, the patient appeared with a severe cellulitis exacerbation. The silver cone was now loose: a lateral "blowout." Specific cultures of the silver cone and exudate revealed three aerobic microbes: a Streptococcus sp and two obligate Pseudomonas spp. Anaerobes were shown to be absent with anaerobic subcultures. This case would appear to substantiate the alteration of the tissue oxidation-reduction potential as the major factor in endodontic cellulitis exacerbations, as previously reported.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Autotransplanted teeth with early-stage endodontic treatment: a radiographic evaluation.

Autotransplantation of teeth has been performed for many years and with varying degrees of success. The present report concerns the long-term results of autotransplantation of 36 teeth with completed root formation. Endodontic treatment was started before or within 12 weeks after transplantation. At the final check-up 32 teeth were present, 24 of them without signs of inflammation, replacement, or internal resorption. Careful radiographic examination during the follow-up period and adequate therapeutic measures with inter alia renewed endodontic treatment are of importance for successful autotransplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The antimicrobial effect of various endodontic sealers.

The antimicrobial activity of an endodontic sealer can be helpful in destroying any remaining root canal microbes. Therefore it was decided to test the antimicrobial activity of several commonly used endodontic sealers. The sealers used were Grossman's sealer, Tubliseal, Calciobiotic, Sealapex, Hypocal, eucapercha, Nogenol, and AH26. Also tested were dry calcium hydroxide powder, calcium hydroxide mixed with saline, and a Teflon formulation. The microbes used were Streptococcus mutans (a gram-positive microaerophile). Staphylococcus aureus (a gram-positive facultative anaerobe), and Bacteroides endodontalis (a gram-negative obligate anaerobe). The freshly mixed sealers were placed into the prepared wells of agar plates inoculated with the test microorganisms. After varying periods of incubation, the zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were observed and measured. Grossman's sealer had the greatest overall antibacterial activity. However, AH26 had the greatest activity against B. endodontalis. The zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers had more antimicrobial activity than either the calcium hydroxide-based sealers or eucapercha.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1990

Sealing ability of intermediate restorations and cavity design used in endodontics.

Temporary filling materials are used in endodontics to prevent contamination of the root canal system during intertreatment visits. Recently, a new composition resin (TERM) has been introduced as an interim restoration in endodontics. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of this resin as an interim restoration and possible effect of access cavity design with respect to its sealing ability compared with other temporary restorative materials. Sixty human teeth were divided into two categories, and two types of access cavities were prepared, namely tapered access with walls divergent toward the occlusal surface and straight access with parallel walls. The prepared teeth from each category were divided into three subgroups of ten each to receive Cavit (group I), IRM (group II), or TERM (group III). After the fillings were placed, the teeth were transferred into a humidor where they stayed for 24 hours. The teeth were then thermocycled. Each group was thermocycled for 2 hours at 1 minute intervals at 60 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Then the teeth were sealed with a compound and coated with two layers of clear varnish, with the exception of cavity margins. Each occlusal surface was immersed in a vial containing silver nitrate. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally, and the degree of dye penetration was evaluated under a dissection microscope according to set criteria. Our findings demonstrated that design of cavity preparation was not a functional parameter in leakage pattern. Results indicated that Cavit had the best sealing ability whereas IRM showed the maximum dye penetration.

Calcium Sulfate↗